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Article ; Online: Autochthonous Dengue Fever in 2 Patients, Rome, Italy

Serena Vita / Licia Bordi / Giuseppe Sberna / Priscilla Caputi / Daniele Lapa / Angela Corpolongo / Cosmina Mija / Alessandra D’Abramo / Fabrizio Maggi / Francesco Vairo / Eliana Specchiarello / Enrico Girardi / Eleonora Lalle / Emanuele Nicastri

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 30, Iss 1, Pp 183-

2024 Volume 184

Abstract: Since August 2023, outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) infection have occurred in Italy. We report 2 autochthonous case-patients and their extended follow-up. Despite persistent DENV detected in blood by PCR, results for antigenomic DENV RNA were negative ... ...

Abstract	Since August 2023, outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) infection have occurred in Italy. We report 2 autochthonous case-patients and their extended follow-up. Despite persistent DENV detected in blood by PCR, results for antigenomic DENV RNA were negative after day 5, suggesting that a 5-day isolation period is adequate to avoid secondary cases.
Keywords	dengue fever ; autochthonous cases ; dengue ; dengue virus ; DENV ; viruses ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Basic Reproduction Number of Chikungunya Virus Transmitted by Aedes Mosquitoes

Najmul Haider / Francesco Vairo / Giuseppe Ippolito / Alimuddin Zumla / Richard A. Kock

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 10, Pp 2429-

2020 Volume 2431

Abstract: We estimated the weighted mean basic reproduction number (R0) of chikungunya virus based on outbreak size. R0 was 3.4 (95% CI 2.4–4.2) and varied for 2 primary chikungunya mosquito vectors: 4.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.6) for Aedes aegypti and 2.8 (95% CI 1.8–3.8) ... ...

Abstract	We estimated the weighted mean basic reproduction number (R0) of chikungunya virus based on outbreak size. R0 was 3.4 (95% CI 2.4–4.2) and varied for 2 primary chikungunya mosquito vectors: 4.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.6) for Aedes aegypti and 2.8 (95% CI 1.8–3.8) for Ae. albopictus.
Keywords	Basic reproduction number ; R0 ; chikungunya virus ; outbreaks ; epidemic ; Aedes mosquito ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How habitat factors affect an Aedes mosquitoes driven outbreak at temperate latitudes

Angelo Solimini / Chiara Virgillito / Mattia Manica / Piero Poletti / Giorgio Guzzetta / Giovanni Marini / Roberto Rosà / Federico Filipponi / Paola Scognamiglio / Francesco Vairo / Beniamino Caputo

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

The case of the Chikungunya virus in Italy.

2023 Volume 0010655

Abstract: Background Outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases in temperate areas are not frequent, and limited in number of cases. We investigate the associations between habitat factors and temperature on individuals' risk of chikungunya (CHIKV) in a non-endemic area by ...

Abstract	Background Outbreaks of Aedes-borne diseases in temperate areas are not frequent, and limited in number of cases. We investigate the associations between habitat factors and temperature on individuals' risk of chikungunya (CHIKV) in a non-endemic area by spatially analyzing the data from the 2017 Italian outbreak. Methodology/principal findings We adopted a case-control study design to analyze the association between land-cover variables, temperature, and human population density with CHIKV cases. The observational unit was the area, at different scales, surrounding the residence of each CHIKV notified case. The statistical analysis was conducted considering the whole dataset and separately for the resort town of Anzio and the metropolitan city of Rome, which were the two main foci of the outbreak. In Rome, a higher probability for the occurrence of CHIKV cases is associated with lower temperature (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) and with cells with higher vegetation coverage and human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05). In Anzio, CHIKV case occurrence was positively associated with human population density (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.06) but not with habitat factors or temperature. Conclusion/significance Using temperature, human population density and vegetation coverage data as drives for CHIKV transmission, our estimates could be instrumental in assessing spatial heterogeneity in the risk of experiencing arboviral diseases in non-endemic temperate areas.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Epidemiological Investigation of a Pregnancy-Related Invasive Listeriosis Case in Central Italy

Valeria Russini / Martina Spaziante / Bianca Maria Varcasia / Elena Lavinia Diaconu / Piermichele Paolillo / Simonetta Picone / Grazia Brunetti / Daniela Mattia / Angela De Carolis / Francesco Vairo / Teresa Bossù / Stefano Bilei / Maria Laura De Marchis

Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 667, p

2022 Volume 667

Abstract: Listeriosis is currently the fifth most common foodborne disease in Europe. Most cases are sporadic; however, outbreaks have also been reported. Compared to other foodborne infections, listeriosis has a modest incidence but can cause life-threatening ... ...

Abstract	Listeriosis is currently the fifth most common foodborne disease in Europe. Most cases are sporadic; however, outbreaks have also been reported. Compared to other foodborne infections, listeriosis has a modest incidence but can cause life-threatening complications, especially in elderly or immunocompromised people and pregnant women. In the latter case, the pathology can be the cause of premature birth or spontaneous abortion, especially if the fetus is affected during the first months of gestation. The causative agent of listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes , is characterized by the innate ability to survive in the environment and in food, even in adverse conditions and for long periods. Ready-to-eat food represents the category most at risk for contracting listeriosis. This study presents the result of an investigation carried out on a case of maternal-fetal transmission of listeriosis which occurred in 2020 in central Italy and which was linked, with a retrospective approach, to other cases residing in the same city of the pregnant woman. Thanks to the use of next-generation sequencing methodologies, it was possible to identify an outbreak of infection, linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat sliced products sold in a supermarket in the investigated city.
Keywords	listeriosis ; Listeria monocytogenes ; pregnancy ; maternal-fetal transmission ; outbreak ; next generation sequencing ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A comparative analysis of the 2007 and 2017 Italian chikungunya outbreaks and implication for public health response.

Beniamino Caputo / Gianluca Russo / Mattia Manica / Francesco Vairo / Piero Poletti / Giorgio Guzzetta / Stefano Merler / Carolina Scagnolari / Angelo Solimini

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 6, p e

2020 Volume 0008159

Abstract: Key results Both outbreaks started in small towns, but cases were also detected in nearby larger cities where transmission was limited to small clusters. The time spans between the first and the last symptom onsets were similar between the 2 outbreaks, ... ...

Abstract	Key results Both outbreaks started in small towns, but cases were also detected in nearby larger cities where transmission was limited to small clusters. The time spans between the first and the last symptom onsets were similar between the 2 outbreaks, and the delay from the symptom onset of the index case and the first case notified was considerable. Comparable infection and transmission rates were observed in laboratory. The basic reproductive number (R0) was estimated in the range of 1.8-6 (2007) and 1.5-2.6 (2017). Clinical characteristics were similar between outbreaks, and no acute complications were reported, though a higher frequency of ocular symptoms, myalgia, and rash was observed in 2017. Very little is known about the immune mediator profile of CHIKV-infected patients during the 2 outbreaks. Regarding public health responses, after the 2007 outbreak, the Italian Ministry of Health developed national guidelines to implement surveillance and good practices to prevent and control autochthonous transmission. However, only a few regional authorities implemented it, and the perception of outbreak risk and knowledge of clinical symptoms and transmission dynamics by general practitioners remained low. Major conclusions Efforts should be devoted to developing suitable procedures for early detection of virus circulation in the population, possibly through the analysis of medical records in near real time. Increasing the awareness of CHIKV of general practitioners and public health officials through tailored education may be effective, especially in small coastal towns where the outbreak risk may be higher. A key element is also the shift of citizen awareness from considering Aedes mosquitoes not only as a nuisance problem but also as a public health one. We advocate the need of strengthening the surveillance and of promoting the active participation of the communities to prevent and contain future outbreaks.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	941
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Infectious Toscana Virus in Seminal Fluid of Young Man Returning from Elba Island, Italy

Giulia Matusali / Alessandra D’Abramo / Chiara Terrosi / Fabrizio Carletti / Francesca Colavita / Francesco Vairo / Gianni Gori Savellini / Claudia Gandolfo / Gabriele Anichini / Eleonora Lalle / Licia Bordi / Angela Corpolongo / Micaela Maritti / Luisa Marchioni / Maria Rosaria Capobianchi / Concetta Castilletti / Maria Grazia Cusi / Emanuele Nicastri

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 28, Iss 4, Pp 865-

2022 Volume 869

Abstract: We report detecting infectious Toscana virus in the seminal fluid of a 25-year-old man from Italy returning from Elba Island. The presence of infectious virus in human semen adds Toscana virus to the long list of viruses detected in this genital fluid ... ...

Abstract	We report detecting infectious Toscana virus in the seminal fluid of a 25-year-old man from Italy returning from Elba Island. The presence of infectious virus in human semen adds Toscana virus to the long list of viruses detected in this genital fluid and indicates a potential for sexual transmission.
Keywords	Toscana virus ; meningitis/encephalitis ; viral isolation ; seminal fluid ; viral persistence ; genital tropism ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A retrospective evaluation of bites at risk of rabies transmission across 7 years

Pasquale De Nardo / Elisa Gentilotti / Francesco Vairo / Boniface Nguhuni / Zainab Chaula / Emanuele Nicastri / Abbas Ismail / Giuseppe Ippolito

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e

The need to improve surveillance and reporting systems for rabies elimination.

2018 Volume 0197996

Abstract: The vast majority of rabies deaths occur in developing countries and rural areas. Due to the absence of surveillance and the lack of reliable information, many endemic countries are not able to assess their rabies burden and implement appropriate ... ...

Abstract	The vast majority of rabies deaths occur in developing countries and rural areas. Due to the absence of surveillance and the lack of reliable information, many endemic countries are not able to assess their rabies burden and implement appropriate solutions. This study reports the incidence of animal bites considered at risk of rabies transmission, along with rates and determinants of the adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) between 2008 and 2014 in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. A retrospective analysis of rabid animal bites considered at risk of rabies transmission at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital (DRRH) during 2008-2014 was conducted. Data were collected from the registers of patients presenting to the hospital because of a potential rabies exposure. The patients were assessed by a trained health worker and each bite was considered as "at risk of rabies" based on the victim's description of the event. Overall, 10,771 patients coming from Dodoma Region attended DRRH because of a bite from a suspected rabid animal, giving a mean incidence of 74 bites at risk of rabies transmission per 100,000 persons per year. Overall, only 46.0% of people exposed received a complete course of PEP and 61.6% attended the clinic within 48 hours after the bite. Multivariate analysis shows that people age >15 years, residence in rural areas and occurrence during the rainy season were independently associated to delayed access to care. Male gender, age below 15 years. and bites occurring during the dry season were associated with completion of PEP. In this area with a high rate of at-risk bites, several factors-mainly related to health care access and to the affordability and delivery of rabies vaccines-still need to be addressed in order to reduce gender and social inequalities in rabies prevention and control. Further efforts are required to establish an efficient rabies surveillance system in Dodoma Region.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatial modes for transmission of chikungunya virus during a large chikungunya outbreak in Italy

Giorgio Guzzetta / Francesco Vairo / Alessia Mammone / Simone Lanini / Piero Poletti / Mattia Manica / Roberto Rosa / Beniamino Caputo / Angelo Solimini / Alessandra Della Torre / Paola Scognamiglio / Alimuddin Zumla / Giuseppe Ippolito / Stefano Merler

BMC Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a modeling analysis

2020 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background The spatial spread of many mosquito-borne diseases occurs by focal spread at the scale of a few hundred meters and over longer distances due to human mobility. The relative contributions of different spatial scales for transmission of ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The spatial spread of many mosquito-borne diseases occurs by focal spread at the scale of a few hundred meters and over longer distances due to human mobility. The relative contributions of different spatial scales for transmission of chikungunya virus require definition to improve outbreak vector control recommendations. Methods We analyzed data from a large chikungunya outbreak mediated by the mosquito Aedes albopictus in the Lazio region, Italy, consisting of 414 reported human cases between June and November 2017. Using dates of symptom onset, geographic coordinates of residence, and information from epidemiological questionnaires, we reconstructed transmission chains related to that outbreak. Results Focal spread (within 1 km) accounted for 54.9% of all cases, 15.8% were transmitted at a local scale (1–15 km) and the remaining 29.3% were exported from the main areas of chikungunya circulation in Lazio to longer distances such as Rome and other geographical areas. Seventy percent of focal infections (corresponding to 38% of the total 414 cases) were transmitted within a distance of 200 m (the buffer distance adopted by the national guidelines for insecticide spraying). Two main epidemic clusters were identified, with a radius expanding at a rate of 300–600 m per month. The majority of exported cases resulted in either sporadic or no further transmission in the region. Conclusions Evidence suggest that human mobility contributes to seeding a relevant number of secondary cases and new foci of transmission over several kilometers. Reactive vector control based on current guidelines might allow a significant number of secondary clusters in untreated areas, especially if the outbreak is not detected early. Existing policies and guidelines for control during outbreaks should recommend the prioritization of preventive measures in neighboring territories with known mobility flows to the main areas of transmission.
Keywords	Chikungunya ; Transmission chain ; Spatiotemporal spread ; Transmission distance ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: BackgroundVaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proving to be very effective in preventing severe illness; however, although rare, post-vaccine infections have been reported. The present study focuses on virological and serological ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundVaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proving to be very effective in preventing severe illness; however, although rare, post-vaccine infections have been reported. The present study focuses on virological and serological features of 94 infections that occurred in Lazio Region (Central Italy) between 27 December 2020, and 30 March 2021, after one or two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine.MethodsWe evaluated clinical features, virological (viral load; viral infectiousness; genomic characterisation), and serological (anti-nucleoprotein Ig; anti-Spike RBD IgG; neutralising antibodies, nAb) characteristics of 94 post-vaccine infections at the time of diagnosis. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) and serum samples were collected in the framework of the surveillance activities on SARS-CoV-2 variants established in Lazio Region (Central Italy) and analysed at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” in Rome.ResultsThe majority (92.6%) of the post-vaccine infections showed pauci/asymptomatic or mild clinical course, with symptoms and hospitalisation rate significantly less frequent in patients infected after full vaccination course as compared to patients who received a single dose vaccine. Although differences were not statistically significant, viral loads and isolation rates were lower in NPSs from patients infected after receiving two vaccine doses as compared to patients with one dose. Most cases (84%) had nAb in serum at the time of infection diagnosis, which is a sub-group of vaccinees, were found similarly able to neutralise Alpha and Gamma variants. Asymptomatic individuals showed higher nAb titres as compared to symptomatic cases (median titre: 1:120 vs. 1:40, respectively). Finally, the proportion of post-vaccine infections attributed either to Alpha and Gamma variants was similar to the proportion observed in the contemporary unvaccinated population in the Lazio region, and mutational analysis did not reveal enrichment of a defined set of Spike protein substitutions ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; viral variants ; neutralising antibodies ; vaccine ; breakthrough infection ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Risk Awareness as a Key Determinant of Early Vaccine Uptake in the Mpox Vaccination Campaign in an Italian Region

Giulia Del Duca / Alessandro Tavelli / Ilaria Mastrorosa / Camilla Aguglia / Simone Lanini / Anna Clelia Brita / Roberta Gagliardini / Serena Vita / Alessandra Vergori / Jessica Paulicelli / Giorgia Natalini / Angela D’Urso / Pierluca Piselli / Paola Gallì / Vanessa Mondillo / Claudio Mastroianni / Enrica Tamburrini / Loredana Sarmati / Christof Stingone /

Miriam Lichtner / Emanuele Nicastri / Massimo Farinella / Filippo Leserri / Andrea Siddu / Fabrizio Maggi / Antonella d’Arminio Monforte / Francesco Vairo / Alessandra Barca / Francesco Vaia / Enrico Girardi / Valentina Mazzotta / Andrea Antinori

Vaccines, Vol 11, Iss 12, p

A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2023 Volume 1761

Abstract: Background: we aim to investigate attitudes toward vaccination by analyzing empirical factors associated with vaccine acceptance in the Lazio region mpox vaccination (MpoxVax) campaign in Italy. Methods: all subjects who accessed MpoxVax and signed the ... ...

Abstract	Background: we aim to investigate attitudes toward vaccination by analyzing empirical factors associated with vaccine acceptance in the Lazio region mpox vaccination (MpoxVax) campaign in Italy. Methods: all subjects who accessed MpoxVax and signed the informed consent were prospectively enrolled in the MPOX-VAC Study and were asked to fill out an anonymous survey. Two endpoints were selected: ‘delayed acceptance’ and ‘early acceptance’, defined as access for vaccination >60 and ≤30 days from the vaccination campaign starting (VCS), respectively. Results: over the study period, 1717 individuals underwent vaccination: 129 (7%) > 60 [1588 (92.5%) ≤ 60] and 676 (60%) ≤ 30 days from VCS. A bisexual orientation, a lower education level and a worse perceived physical and mental health were associated with delayed access to vaccination. Being pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users and, marginally, HIV positive; having a high perceived risk for mpox infection; and reporting high-risk behaviors like the use of recreational drugs/chems, sex under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol and having a higher number of principal sexual partners, were associated with early access to vaccination. Conclusions: according to our data, risk awareness was a major determinant of early MpoxVax acceptance. Conversely, worse perceived health status and a low educational level were critical factors associated with delayed vaccination.
Keywords	mpox infection ; mpox vaccination ; risk awareness ; vaccine acceptance ; vaccine hesitancy ; health-related quality of life ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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