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Article ; Online: Arecoline in buccal cells reflects Areca nut dose.

Lai, Jennifer F / Mendez, Ana Joy / Li, Xingnan / Wilkens, Lynne R / Herzog, Thaddeus / Franke, Adrian A

2024

Abstract: Areca nut (AN) is a carcinogen; its chewing cessation is, therefore, of worldwide interest. However, cessation biomarkers are lacking. We sought to establish arecoline in chewers' buccal cells (BCs) as a biomarker for AN dose. Self-reported AN doses, ... ...

Abstract	Areca nut (AN) is a carcinogen; its chewing cessation is, therefore, of worldwide interest. However, cessation biomarkers are lacking. We sought to establish arecoline in chewers' buccal cells (BCs) as a biomarker for AN dose. Self-reported AN doses, expressed as the average AN load ("AANL"), the product of AN amount, chewing time, and chewing frequency, were correlated by regression analysis with chewers' BC arecoline, measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We then determined whether associations differed between Class 1 chewers (who consume AN alone or with slaked lime, leaf, and/or spices) and Class 2 chewers (who consume any combination of the aforementioned ingredients plus tobacco). Among the 103 chewers, 28 Class 1 and 39 Class 2 chewers had detectable arecoline levels, which were used for analyses. A linear regression of cube-root transformed AANL on equally transformed BC arecoline levels provided the best model fit; resulting slopes and corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.86 and 0.40 (p < 0.01) for all; 1.09 and 0.51 (p < 0.01) for Class 1 chewers; 0.35 and 0.17 (p = 0.29) for Class 2 chewers; and 0.94 and 0.45 (p < 0.01), and 0.79 and 0.37 (p = 0.08), respectively, for those who included or excluded lime. Relationships between AANL and BC arecoline levels were similar between chewers who included or excluded lime (p = 0.76), but less between chewing classes (p = 0.14). This provides confidence that BC arecoline can generally act as a reliable biomarker for AN dose, useful for estimating efficacy in AN cessation studies and population-based chewing assessments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.3684
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Article ; Online: Metabolomics profiles of premenopausal women are different based on

Frankenfeld, Cara L / Maskarinec, Gertraud / Franke, Adrian A

The British journal of nutrition

2021 Volume 128, Issue 8, Page(s) 1490–1498

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Urinary
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Equol/metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Isoflavones ; Premenopause/metabolism ; Metabolomics
Chemical Substances	O-desmethylangolensin (SCY1S10OK4) ; Equol (531-95-3) ; Isoflavones
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	280396-3
ISSN	1475-2662 ; 0007-1145
ISSN (online)	1475-2662
ISSN	0007-1145
DOI	10.1017/S0007114521004463
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Article ; Online: Analysis of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate from human urine by HRAM LC-MS.

Franke, Adrian A / Li, Xingnan / Lai, Jennifer F

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

2020 Volume 412, Issue 30, Page(s) 8313–8324

Abstract: Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the main metabolite of glyphosate (GLYP) and phosphonic acids in detergents. GLYP is a synthetic herbicide frequently used worldwide alone or together with its analog glufosinate (GLUF). The general public can be ... ...

Abstract	Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the main metabolite of glyphosate (GLYP) and phosphonic acids in detergents. GLYP is a synthetic herbicide frequently used worldwide alone or together with its analog glufosinate (GLUF). The general public can be exposed to these potentially harmful chemicals; thus, sensitive methods to monitor them in humans are urgently required to evaluate health risks. We attempted to simultaneously detect GLYP, AMPA, and GLUF in human urine by high-resolution accurate-mass liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HRAM LC-MS) before and after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) or 1-methylimidazole-sulfonyl chloride (ImS-Cl) with several urine pre-treatment and solid phase extraction (SPE) steps. Fmoc-Cl derivatization achieved the best combination of method sensitivity (limit of detection; LOD) and accuracy for all compounds compared to underivatized urine or ImS-Cl-derivatized urine. Before derivatization, the best steps for GLYP involved 0.4 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pre-treatment followed by SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 37 pg/mL), for AMPA involved no EDTA pre-treatment and no SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 20 pg/mL) or 0.2-0.4 mM EDTA pre-treatment with no SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 19-21 pg/mL), and for GLUF involved 0.4 mM EDTA pre-treatment and no SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 7 pg/mL). However, for these methods, accuracy was sufficient only for AMPA (101-105%), while being modest for GLYP (61%) and GLUF (63%). Different EDTA and SPE treatments prior to Fmoc-Cl derivatization resulted in high sensitivity for all analytes but satisfactory accuracy only for AMPA. Thus, we conclude that our HRAM LC-MS method is suited for urinary AMPA analysis in cross-sectional studies.
MeSH term(s)	Aminobutyrates/urine ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives ; Glycine/urine ; Herbicides/urine ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Organophosphonates/urine ; Reproducibility of Results ; Solid Phase Extraction/methods ; Glyphosate
Chemical Substances	Aminobutyrates ; Herbicides ; Organophosphonates ; phosphinothricin (51276-47-2) ; aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (90825O5C1U) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-03
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	201093-8
ISSN	1618-2650 ; 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
ISSN (online)	1618-2650
ISSN	0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
DOI	10.1007/s00216-020-02966-1
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Article ; Online: Altered Fluorescence of Buccal Cells as a Candidate Biomarker for Areca Nut Chewing.

Biggs, Laura A F / Franke, Adrian A / Farrar, Christine E

Substance use & misuse

2020 Volume 55, Issue 9, Page(s) 1450–1456

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
MeSH term(s)	Areca ; Biomarkers ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication ; Mouth Mucosa/cytology ; Substance Abuse Detection/methods
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1310358-1
ISSN	1532-2491 ; 1082-6084
ISSN (online)	1532-2491
ISSN	1082-6084
DOI	10.1080/10826084.2019.1683201
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Article: Analysis of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid, and glufosinate from human urine by HRAM LC-MS

Franke, Adrian A / Li, Xingnan / Lai, Jennifer F

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2020 Dec., v. 412, no. 30

2020

Abstract	Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the main metabolite of glyphosate (GLYP) and phosphonic acids in detergents. GLYP is a synthetic herbicide frequently used worldwide alone or together with its analog glufosinate (GLUF). The general public can be exposed to these potentially harmful chemicals; thus, sensitive methods to monitor them in humans are urgently required to evaluate health risks. We attempted to simultaneously detect GLYP, AMPA, and GLUF in human urine by high-resolution accurate-mass liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HRAM LC-MS) before and after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) or 1-methylimidazole-sulfonyl chloride (ImS-Cl) with several urine pre-treatment and solid phase extraction (SPE) steps. Fmoc-Cl derivatization achieved the best combination of method sensitivity (limit of detection; LOD) and accuracy for all compounds compared to underivatized urine or ImS-Cl-derivatized urine. Before derivatization, the best steps for GLYP involved 0.4 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pre-treatment followed by SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 37 pg/mL), for AMPA involved no EDTA pre-treatment and no SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 20 pg/mL) or 0.2–0.4 mM EDTA pre-treatment with no SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 19–21 pg/mL), and for GLUF involved 0.4 mM EDTA pre-treatment and no SPE pre-cleanup (LOD 7 pg/mL). However, for these methods, accuracy was sufficient only for AMPA (101–105%), while being modest for GLYP (61%) and GLUF (63%). Different EDTA and SPE treatments prior to Fmoc-Cl derivatization resulted in high sensitivity for all analytes but satisfactory accuracy only for AMPA. Thus, we conclude that our HRAM LC-MS method is suited for urinary AMPA analysis in cross-sectional studies.
Keywords	EDTA (chelating agent) ; analytical chemistry ; chemical species ; chlorides ; derivatization ; detection limit ; glufosinate ; glyphosate ; humans ; liquid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; metabolites ; solid phase extraction ; urine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 8313-8324.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	1618-2642
DOI	10.1007/s00216-020-02966-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pilot study on the urinary excretion of the glyphosate metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid and breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort study.

Franke, Adrian A / Li, Xingnan / Shvetsov, Yurii B / Lai, Jennifer F

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2021 Volume 277, Page(s) 116848

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer and the second leading cause of death in women in the US, including Hawaii. Accumulating evidence suggests that aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the primary metabolite of the herbicide ... ...

Abstract	Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer and the second leading cause of death in women in the US, including Hawaii. Accumulating evidence suggests that aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the primary metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate-a probable human carcinogen, may itself be carcinogenic. However, the relationship between urinary AMPA excretion and breast cancer risk in women is unknown. In this pilot study, we investigated the association between pre-diagnostic urinary AMPA excretion and breast cancer risk in a case-control study of 250 predominantly postmenopausal women: 124 cases and 126 healthy controls (individually matched on age, race/ethnicity, urine type, date of urine collection, and fasting status) nested within the Hawaii biospecimen subcohort of the Multiethnic Cohort. AMPA was detected in 90% of cases and 84% of controls. The geometric mean of urinary AMPA excretion was nearly 38% higher among cases vs. controls (0.087 vs 0.063 ng AMPA/mg creatinine) after adjusting for race/ethnicity, age and BMI. A 4.5-fold higher risk of developing breast cancer in the highest vs. lowest quintile of AMPA excretion was observed (OR
MeSH term(s)	Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives ; Hawaii/epidemiology ; Herbicides/analysis ; Humans ; Organophosphonates ; Pilot Projects ; Glyphosate
Chemical Substances	Herbicides ; Organophosphonates ; aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (90825O5C1U) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116848
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Article ; Online: Associations between Plasma Tocopherols and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Yoon, Hyung-Suk / Wu, Jie / Shidal, Chris / Sun, Yan / Franke, Adrian A / Yang, Jae Jeong / Braithwaite, Dejana / Courtney, Regina / Cai, Hui / Blot, William J / Shu, Xiao-Ou / Zheng, Wei / Cai, Qiuyin

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2024 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 480–488

Abstract: Background: Despite the various anticancer activities of tocopherols, little is known about tocopherols associated with lung cancer risk among low-income African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) who are disproportionately affected by the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Despite the various anticancer activities of tocopherols, little is known about tocopherols associated with lung cancer risk among low-income African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) who are disproportionately affected by the disease. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study that included 209 incident lung cancer cases and 406 matched controls within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Using biospecimens collected at cohort enrollment, plasma levels of α-, β/γ-, δ-, and total-tocopherols were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lung cancer risk after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses were also conducted. Results: Plasma levels of total-tocopherols were inversely associated with lung cancer risk overall [OR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest tertile = 0.51 (0.30-0.90)]. The inverse association remained significant among EAs [0.20 (0.06-0.65)], men [0.43 (0.21-0.90)], current smokers [0.49 (0.26-0.93)], and cases diagnosed within 2 years of blood draw [0.36 (0.15-0.86)], though we did not find a significant risk reduction among AAs [0.75 (0.39-1.45)]. Notably, we found significant interactions between α-tocopherol and race after controlling the FDR to correct for multiple comparisons (Pinteraction = 0.02). Conclusions: Our results indicate that plasma total-tocopherols are inversely associated with lung cancer risk, but the association may differ across specific isomeric forms of tocopherols, race, or other individuals' characteristics. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm our findings. Impact: Recommendations on tocopherols for lung cancer prevention should take isomers, race, and smoking behaviors into consideration.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Tocopherols ; Cohort Studies ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Logistic Models ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Tocopherols (R0ZB2556P8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1107
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Article: Pilot study on the urinary excretion of the glyphosate metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid and breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort study

Franke, Adrian A / Li, Xingnan / Shvetsov, Yurii B / Lai, Jennifer F

Environmental pollution. 2021 May 15, v. 277

2021

Abstract	Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer and the second leading cause of death in women in the US, including Hawaii. Accumulating evidence suggests that aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the primary metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate—a probable human carcinogen, may itself be carcinogenic. However, the relationship between urinary AMPA excretion and breast cancer risk in women is unknown. In this pilot study, we investigated the association between pre-diagnostic urinary AMPA excretion and breast cancer risk in a case-control study of 250 predominantly postmenopausal women: 124 cases and 126 healthy controls (individually matched on age, race/ethnicity, urine type, date of urine collection, and fasting status) nested within the Hawaii biospecimen subcohort of the Multiethnic Cohort. AMPA was detected in 90% of cases and 84% of controls. The geometric mean of urinary AMPA excretion was nearly 38% higher among cases vs. controls (0.087 vs 0.063 ng AMPA/mg creatinine) after adjusting for race/ethnicity, age and BMI. A 4.5-fold higher risk of developing breast cancer in the highest vs. lowest quintile of AMPA excretion was observed (ORQ₅ ᵥₛ. Q₁: 4.49; 95% CI: 1.46–13.77; pₜᵣₑₙd = 0.029). To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively examine associations between urinary AMPA excretion and breast cancer risk. Our preliminary findings suggest that AMPA exposure may be associated with increased breast cancer risk; however, these results require confirmation in a larger population to increase study power and permit careful examinations of race/ethnicity differences.
Keywords	Hawaii ; breast neoplasms ; carcinogenicity ; carcinogens ; case-control studies ; cohort studies ; creatinine ; death ; excretion ; females ; glyphosate ; humans ; metabolites ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; pollution ; postmenopause ; risk ; urine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0515
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116848
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Article ; Online: Improved oxytocin analysis from human serum and urine by orbitrap ESI-LC-HRAM-MS.

Franke, Adrian A / Li, Xingnan / Dabalos, Chester / Lai, Jennifer F

Drug testing and analysis

2020 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 846–852

Abstract: Native circulating oxytocin (OT) levels in non-pregnant/non-lactating/non-medicated humans are very low (≤ 8 pg/mL). The lower limit of detection (LLOD) of our previous liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method (10-25 pg/mL) precluded their ... ...

Abstract	Native circulating oxytocin (OT) levels in non-pregnant/non-lactating/non-medicated humans are very low (≤ 8 pg/mL). The lower limit of detection (LLOD) of our previous liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method (10-25 pg/mL) precluded their quantification in serum and urine. Thus, we sought to improve the LC-MS sensitivity of OT measurements in these matrices by hydrophobic tagging and solid phase extraction (SPE). In the former approach, OT was reduced then alkylated with N-alkyl acetamide (C12, C14, C16, and C18) tags or derivatized using sulfonyl chloride-based reagents. In the latter approach, native OT in serum and urine was concentrated by offline SPE using gradient acetonitrile washings after first crashing with acetonitrile. Peak urinary eluate fractions were further concentrated online then analyzed by orbitrap-based LC-MS with electrospray ionization. All hydrophobic OT derivatives had lower sensitivity than native OT. Washing with a water-acetonitrile gradient during SPE improved the LLOD of OT in spiked serum to 2.5 pg/mL, while adding a subsequent online-concentration step improved the LLOD in spiked urine to 1-5 pg/mL and allowed us to detect OT in urine from lactating women. We were unable to improve the sensitivity of OT measurements by hydrophobic tagging or by derivatization using sulfonyl chloride-based reagents. However, we were successful in improving the sensitivity of native OT measurements in serum and urine 2- and 5-fold, respectively, from our previous orbitrap-based LC-MS method. Offline SPE was mandatory for both matrices and a subsequent online-concentration step was required for urine.
MeSH term(s)	Acetonitriles ; Adult ; Alkylation ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Lactation ; Limit of Detection ; Oxytocin/analysis ; Solid Phase Extraction ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Acetonitriles ; Indicators and Reagents ; Oxytocin (50-56-6) ; acetonitrile (Z072SB282N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.2783
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Article ; Online: Improved profiling of estrogen metabolites by orbitrap LC/MS.

Li, Xingnan / Franke, Adrian A

Steroids

2015 Volume 99, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 84–90

Abstract: Estrogen metabolites are important biomarkers to evaluate cancer risks and metabolic diseases. Due to their low physiological levels, a sensitive and accurate method is required, especially for the quantitation of unconjugated forms of endogenous ... ...

Abstract	Estrogen metabolites are important biomarkers to evaluate cancer risks and metabolic diseases. Due to their low physiological levels, a sensitive and accurate method is required, especially for the quantitation of unconjugated forms of endogenous steroids and their metabolites in humans. Here, we evaluated various derivatives of estrogens for improved analysis by orbitrap LC/MS in human serum samples. A new chemical derivatization reagent was applied modifying phenolic steroids to form 1-methylimidazole-2-sulfonyl adducts. The method significantly improves the sensitivity 2-100 fold by full scan MS and targeted selected ion monitoring MS over other derivatization methods including, dansyl, picolinoyl, and pyridine-3-sulfonyl products.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Dansyl Compounds/chemistry ; Equipment Design ; Estrogens/analysis ; Estrogens/blood ; Estrogens/metabolism ; Humans ; Imidazoles/chemistry ; Limit of Detection ; Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Picolinic Acids/chemistry ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods ; Steroids/analysis ; Steroids/blood
Chemical Substances	Dansyl Compounds ; Estrogens ; Imidazoles ; Picolinic Acids ; Steroids ; dansyl chloride (QMU9166TJ4) ; picolinic acid (QZV2W997JQ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80312-1
ISSN	1878-5867 ; 0039-128X
ISSN (online)	1878-5867
ISSN	0039-128X
DOI	10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.005
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