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Article ; Online: Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins in Bulk Raw Milk: What Is the Human Risk?

Leite, Marta / Freitas, Andreia / Barbosa, Jorge / Ramos, Fernando

2023 Volume 15, Issue 10

Abstract: Mycotoxins are abiotic hazards whose contamination occurs at the pre- and post-harvest stages of the maize value chain, with animal exposure through contaminated feed leading to their excretion into milk. Currently, only aflatoxin M1 is regulated in milk ...

Abstract	Mycotoxins are abiotic hazards whose contamination occurs at the pre- and post-harvest stages of the maize value chain, with animal exposure through contaminated feed leading to their excretion into milk. Currently, only aflatoxin M1 is regulated in milk products. Since feed materials and complete feed present a multi-mycotoxin composition and are the main mycotoxin source into milk, it is important to recognize the occurrence of multiple toxins and their co-occurrence in this highly consumed food product. The aim of this study was to determine the content of regulated and emerging mycotoxins in milk samples, which allowed for evaluating the occurrence and co-occurrence patterns of different mycotoxins known to contaminate feed materials and complete animal feed. Human exposure considering the occurrence patterns obtained was also estimated. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, and emerging mycotoxins were among the mycotoxins found to be present in the 100 samples analyzed. Concentrations ranged from 0.006 to 16.3 μg L
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mycotoxins/analysis ; Milk/chemistry ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Aflatoxins/analysis ; Zearalenone/analysis ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Aflatoxin M1/analysis
Chemical Substances	Mycotoxins ; Aflatoxins ; Zearalenone (5W827M159J) ; Aflatoxin M1 (6795-23-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins15100605
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Mycotoxins in Raw Bovine Milk: UHPLC-QTrap-MS/MS Method as a Biosafety Control Tool.

Leite, Marta / Freitas, Andreia / Barbosa, Jorge / Ramos, Fernando

Toxins

2023 Volume 15, Issue 3

Abstract: Mycotoxins are compounds produced by several fungi that contaminate agricultural fields and, either directly or by carry-over, final food products. Animal exposure to these compounds through contaminated feed can lead to their excretion into milk, posing ...

Abstract	Mycotoxins are compounds produced by several fungi that contaminate agricultural fields and, either directly or by carry-over, final food products. Animal exposure to these compounds through contaminated feed can lead to their excretion into milk, posing threats to public health. Currently, aflatoxin M1 is the sole mycotoxin with a maximum level set in milk by the European Union, as well as the most studied. Nonetheless, animal feed is known to be contaminated by several groups of mycotoxins with relevance from the food safety point of view that can be carried over into milk. To evaluate the multi-mycotoxin occurrence in this highly consumed food product it is crucial to develop precise and robust analytical methodologies towards their determination. In this sense, an analytical method for the simultaneous identification of 23 regulated, non-regulated, and emerging mycotoxins in raw bovine milk using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was validated. A modified QuEChERS protocol for extraction purposes was used, and further validation was performed by assessing the selectivity and specificity, limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ), linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery. The performance criteria were compliant with mycotoxin-specific and general European regulations for regulated, non-regulated, and emerging mycotoxins. The LOD and LOQ ranged between 0.001 and 9.88 ng mL
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mycotoxins/analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Milk/chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Containment of Biohazards ; Aflatoxin M1/analysis ; Food Contamination/prevention & control ; Food Contamination/analysis
Chemical Substances	Mycotoxins ; Aflatoxin M1 (6795-23-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins15030173
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Article ; Online: Assessment of Zn and Cu in piglets' liver and kidney: impact in fecal Enterococcus spp.?

Donato, Maria M / Assis, Gabriela / Cardoso, Olga / Oliveiros, Bárbara / Freitas, Andreia / Ramos, Fernando

Environmental science and pollution research international

2024 Volume 31, Issue 14, Page(s) 20941–20952

Abstract: Zinc and copper have been used as growth promotors in alternative to antibiotics in pig's diet. The aim was the ascertainment of the Zn and Cu concentrations in piglets' liver and kidney and their impact in the reduced susceptibility to Zn, Cu, and ... ...

Abstract	Zinc and copper have been used as growth promotors in alternative to antibiotics in pig's diet. The aim was the ascertainment of the Zn and Cu concentrations in piglets' liver and kidney and their impact in the reduced susceptibility to Zn, Cu, and antibiotics in enterococci, used as microbiota biomarker. Zn and Cu were determined in the livers and kidneys of 43 piglets slaughtered in Portugal, by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Enterococci were isolated from feces for determining the identification of species (E. faecalis, E. faecium, and Enterococcus spp.); susceptibility to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, tigecycline, ampicillin, imipenem, and metals; and Cu tolerance genes. In piglets with Zn and Cu high or toxic levels, enterococci had reduced susceptibility to ions, reinforced by the presence of Cu tolerance genes and by resistance to antibiotics. The study relevance is to show the relationship between these metals' levels and decreased susceptibility to Cu, Zn, and antibiotics by enterococci. From the results, it could be supposed that the piglets were being fed with high doses of Zn and Cu which could select more resistant bacteria to both antibiotics and metals that could spread to environment and humans.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Swine ; Enterococcus ; Copper ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Liver ; Kidney ; Feces/microbiology ; Zinc ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Enterococcus faecalis/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Chemical Substances	Copper (789U1901C5) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-024-32495-8
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Article: Analysis of Antibiotics in Bivalves by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Pereira, André M P T / Freitas, Andreia / Pena, Angelina / Silva, Liliana J G

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems mostly originates from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and such a situation can be responsible for significant negative impacts on natural ecosystems, such as estuarine and coastal areas. ... ...

Abstract	The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems mostly originates from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and such a situation can be responsible for significant negative impacts on natural ecosystems, such as estuarine and coastal areas. Bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals, namely antibiotics, in exposed organisms is known to have remarkable effects on different trophic levels of non-target organisms such as algae, invertebrates and vertebrates, including the emergence of bacterial resistance. Bivalves are a highly appreciated seafood product, as they are fed by filtering water, and can bioconcentrate chemicals, being ideal for biomonitoring environmental health hazards in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. To use this sentinel species, an analytical strategy was developed to be used in accessing antibiotics, from human and veterinary medicine, and evaluate their occurrence as emerging pollutants in aquatic environments. The optimized analytical method was fully validated according to the European requirements defined by the Commission Implementing Regulation 2021/808. The validation comprised the following parameters: specificity, selectivity, precision, recovery, ruggedness, linearity, and the decision limit CCα, as well as the limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ). The method was validated for 43 antibiotics to allow their quantification in both contexts, environmental biomonitoring and food safety.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2681345-2
ISSN	2079-6382
ISSN	2079-6382
DOI	10.3390/antibiotics12050913
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Article ; Online: Antibiotic Residues and Zinc Concentrations in the Livers and Kidneys of Portuguese Piglets-Relationship to Antibiotic and Zinc Resistance in Intestinal Escherichia coli.

Cardoso, Olga / Assis, Gabriela / Donato, Maria M / Henriques, Sara Carolina / Freitas, Andreia / Ramos, Fernando

Biological trace element research

2023

Abstract: Metal ions such as zinc and copper have been used as alternatives to antibiotics, to improve animal health and growth rates in pig farming. This study aims to determine antibiotic residues and Zn concentration in piglets' livers (n = 56) and kidneys (n = ...

Abstract	Metal ions such as zinc and copper have been used as alternatives to antibiotics, to improve animal health and growth rates in pig farming. This study aims to determine antibiotic residues and Zn concentration in piglets' livers (n = 56) and kidneys (n = 60); and to examine the correlation between the use of Zn and antibiotics, and resistance to Zn and antibiotics of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets' faeces (n = 60). Samples were collected from randomly selected healthy piglets (n = 60); antibiotic residues were quantified by ultra-high-performance-liquid-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS); Zn was quantified using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS); microbiological methods were used for E. coli isolation, antibiotic susceptibility, and Zn minimal inhibitory concentration; and Real-Time PCR was used for gene detection. The presence of antibiotic residues and Zn concentrations in the liver was found to be negatively correlated, whilst no significant difference was observed in the kidney. In E. coli isolated from piglet faeces considered to be susceptible or multi-drug-resistant, no significant difference was found between Zn concentrations in the liver and in the kidney, which appears to indicate that Zn accumulated in the liver and in the kidney does not promote resistance to antibiotics in E. coli. The isolates showed tolerance to Zn which would suggest that antibiotic resistance and phenotypic tolerance to Zn in these isolates are not related. The genes zitB and zntA associated to Zn tolerance, were predominantly found in the more resistant Zn isolates. The findings provide insights on how Zn use in pig production maintains antibiotic resistance and metal tolerance in bacteria, with implications for One Health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445336-0
ISSN	1559-0720 ; 0163-4984
ISSN (online)	1559-0720
ISSN	0163-4984
DOI	10.1007/s12011-023-04032-0
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Article ; Online: Assessing pharmaceuticals in the green seaweed Ulva lactuca through a multi-residue UHPLC-ToF-MS strategy

Leston, Sara / Rosa, João / Vila Pouca, Ana Sofia / Barbosa, Jorge / Pardal, Miguel A. / Ramos, Fernando / Freitas, Andreia

Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2023 Aug., v. 193 p.115266-

2023

Abstract: Seaweeds have become an important asset in several sectors, including the food and feed industries, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, among others. Whether harvested or reared, interest in algae has been growing worldwide due to the resources they offer, ... ...

Abstract	Seaweeds have become an important asset in several sectors, including the food and feed industries, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, among others. Whether harvested or reared, interest in algae has been growing worldwide due to the resources they offer, including proteins, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, and dietary fiber, as well as sources of biologically active compounds. However, given their morphology and physiology, as well as their harvest and cultivation environments, algae are prone to the presence of hazards, including pharmaceuticals taken up from the water. Thus, to ensure human and animal safety as well as environmental health, monitoring is essential. Therefore, this work describes the development and validation of a sensitive screening and confirmatory analytical method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS). This multi-residue method enables the determination of 62 pharmaceuticals distributed between 8 therapeutic classes and was fully validated according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808.
Keywords	Ulva lactuca ; cosmetics ; dietary fiber ; drugs ; environmental health ; humans ; macroalgae ; marine pollution ; mass spectrometry ; multiresidue analysis ; physiology ; therapeutics ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography ; Seaweed ; Pharmaceuticals ; Contamination ; UHPLC-ToF-MS
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2001296-2
ISSN	1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
ISSN (online)	1879-3363
ISSN	0025-326X
DOI	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115266
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pleural Effusion Secondary to Obstructive Uropathy: A Case of Urinothorax.

Freitas, Andreia / Coelho, Telmo / Beça, Sara / Gregório, Tiago

European journal of case reports in internal medicine

2020 Volume 7, Issue 12, Page(s) 1865

Abstract: Urinothorax is a rare type of pleural effusion and usually the result of genitourinary tract disease. An accurate and early diagnosis is crucial as resolution of the underlying pathology is the mainstay of treatment. We report the case of a 69-year-old ... ...

Abstract	Urinothorax is a rare type of pleural effusion and usually the result of genitourinary tract disease. An accurate and early diagnosis is crucial as resolution of the underlying pathology is the mainstay of treatment. We report the case of a 69-year-old man who was admitted to the Internal Medicine ward due to obstructive acute kidney injury of unknown origin. The patient was submitted to urinary catheterization and to right percutaneous nephrostomy. Two weeks after admission he developed a large left pleural effusion; a left urinoma was also visible on computed tomography. After thoracentesis, pleural fluid analysis demonstrated a paucicellular transudate with pH <7.40 and pleural fluid/serum creatinine ratio >1.0. The diagnosis of urinothorax was made and further study allowed the diagnosis of prostate cancer as the aetiology of the obstruction. When bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy was performed, resolution of the urinothorax and normalization of renal function occurred. Learning points: Urinothorax is a rare and possibly under-recognized cause of transudative pleural effusion; over the last five decades, fewer than 60 cases have been reported in the English literature worldwide.Diagnosis of urinothorax depends upon a high index of clinical suspicion and on pleural fluid analysis, but imaging can also support the diagnosis, for example by showing the presence of a urinoma.Clinicians should recognize urinothorax early in its clinical course as favourable outcomes are often achieved after correction of the underlying genitourinary tract pathology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-16
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2284-2594
ISSN (online)	2284-2594
DOI	10.12890/2020_001865
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Article ; Online: Examination of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory-Short Form Among Portuguese Young Adults: Psychometrics and Measurement Invariance.

Pechorro, Pedro / DeLisi, Matt / Freitas, Andreia / Gonçalves, Rui Abrunhosa / Nunes, Cristina

International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology

2022 Volume 67, Issue 8, Page(s) 803–821

Abstract: The Weinberger Adjustment Inventory-Short Form (WAI-SF) is a multidimensional measure of behavioral adjustment frequently used with forensic, clinical, and community populations. However, no previous studies have examined the WAI-SF from a more modern ... ...

Abstract	The Weinberger Adjustment Inventory-Short Form (WAI-SF) is a multidimensional measure of behavioral adjustment frequently used with forensic, clinical, and community populations. However, no previous studies have examined the WAI-SF from a more modern psychometric perspective including second-order models, measurement invariance and a better estimation of reliability. The current sample is composed of female and male young adults (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Female ; Portugal ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Anxiety ; Social Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218274-9
ISSN	1552-6933 ; 0306-624X
ISSN (online)	1552-6933
ISSN	0306-624X
DOI	10.1177/0306624X211066838
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Article: Risk Assessment of Nine Coccidiostats in Commercial and Home-Raised Eggs.

Martins, Rui R / Pereira, André M P T / Silva, Liliana J G / Esteves, Alexandra / Duarte, Sofia C / Freitas, Andreia / Pena, Angelina

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 6

Abstract: The poultry industry, in order to prevent and control coccidiosis caused ... ...

Abstract	The poultry industry, in order to prevent and control coccidiosis caused by
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12061225
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Article ; Online: Assessment of Agricultural Practices for Controlling

Simões, Daniela / Carbas, Bruna / Soares, Andreia / Freitas, Andreia / Silva, Ana Sanches / Brites, Carla / Andrade, Eugénia de

Toxins

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: Maize is a significant crop to the global economy and a key component of food and feed, although grains and whole plants can often be contaminated with mycotoxins resulting in a general exposure of the population and animals. To investigate strategies ... ...

Abstract	Maize is a significant crop to the global economy and a key component of food and feed, although grains and whole plants can often be contaminated with mycotoxins resulting in a general exposure of the population and animals. To investigate strategies for mycotoxins control at the grain production level, a pilot study and exploratory research were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to compare levels of mycotoxins in grains of plants treated with two fertilizers, F-BAC and Nefusoil, under real agricultural environment. The 1650 grains selected from the 33 samples were assessed for the presence of both
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mycotoxins/analysis ; Fumonisins/analysis ; Fusarium ; Zea mays/microbiology ; Farms ; Pilot Projects ; Food Contamination/analysis
Chemical Substances	Mycotoxins ; Fumonisins ; deoxynivalenol (JT37HYP23V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2518395-3
ISSN	2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
ISSN	2072-6651
DOI	10.3390/toxins15020136
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