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Book ; Online: Ba$^{2+}$ ion trapping by organic submonolayer

Herrero-Gómez, P. / Calupitan, J. P. / Ilyn, M. / Berdonces-Layunta, A. / Wang, T. / de Oteyza, D. G. / Corso, M. / González-Moreno, R. / Rivilla, I. / Aparicio, B. / Aranburu, A. I. / Freixa, Z. / Monrabal, F. / Cossío, F. P. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / Rogero, C. / Adams, C. / Almazán, H. / Alvarez, V. /

Arazi, L. / Arnquist, I. J. / Ayet, S. / Azevedo, C. D. R. / Bailey, K. / Ballester, F. / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Bounasser, S. / Byrnes, N. / Cárcel, S. / Carrión, J. V. / Cebrián, S. / Church, E. / Conde, C. A. N. / Contreras, T. / Denisenko, A. A. / Díaz, G. / Díaz, J. / Dickel, T. / Escada, J. / Esteve, R. / Fahs, A. / Felkai, R. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Foss, F. W. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Generowicz, J. / Goldschmidt, A.

towards an ultra-low background neutrinoless double beta decay detector

2022

Abstract: If neutrinos are their own antiparticles, the otherwise-forbidden nuclear reaction known as neutrinoless double beta decay ($\beta\beta 0\nu$) can occur, with a characteristic lifetime which is expected to be very long, making the suppression of ... ...

Abstract	If neutrinos are their own antiparticles, the otherwise-forbidden nuclear reaction known as neutrinoless double beta decay ($\beta\beta 0\nu$) can occur, with a characteristic lifetime which is expected to be very long, making the suppression of backgrounds a daunting task. It has been shown that detecting (``tagging'') the Ba$^{+2}$ dication produced in the double beta decay ${}^{136}\mathrm{Xe} \rightarrow {}^{136}$Ba$^{+2}+ 2 e + (2 \nu)$ in a high pressure gas experiment, could lead to a virtually background free experiment. To identify these \Bapp, chemical sensors are being explored as a key tool by the NEXT collaboration . Although used in many fields, the application of such chemosensors to the field of particle physics is totally novel and requires experimental demonstration of their suitability in the ultra-dry environment of a xenon gas chamber. Here we use a combination of complementary surface science techniques to unambiguously show that Ba$^{+2}$ ions can be trapped (chelated) in vacuum by an organic molecule, the so-called fluorescent bicolour indicator (FBI) (one of the chemosensors developed by NEXT), immobilized on a surface. We unravel the ion capture mechanism once the molecules are immobilised on Au(111) surface and explain the origin of the emission fluorescence shift associated to the trapping of different ions. Moreover, we prove that chelation also takes place on a technologically relevant substrate, as such, demonstrating the feasibility of using FBI indicators as building blocks of a Ba$^{+2}$ detector.
Keywords	High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Physics - Chemical Physics
Subject code	530
Publishing date	2022-01-22
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Micromegas operation in high pressure xenon

Balan, C. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Papaevangelou, T. / Giomataris, I. / da Luz, H. Natal / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Santos, J. M. F. dos

charge and scintillation readout

2010

Abstract: The operational characteristics of a Micromegas operating in pure xenon at the pressure range of 1 to 10 bar are investigated. The maximum charge gain achieved in each pressure is approximately constant, around 4x10^2, for xenon pressures up to 5 bar and ...

Abstract	The operational characteristics of a Micromegas operating in pure xenon at the pressure range of 1 to 10 bar are investigated. The maximum charge gain achieved in each pressure is approximately constant, around 4x10^2, for xenon pressures up to 5 bar and decreasing slowly above this pressure down to values somewhat above 10^2 at 10 bar. The MM presents the highest gains for xenon pressures above 4 bar, when compared to other micropattern gaseous multipliers. The lowest energy resolution obtained for X-rays of 22.1 keV exhibits a steady increase with pressure, from 12% at 1bar to about 32% at 10 bar. The effective scintillation yield, defined as the number of photons exiting through the MM mesh holes per primary electron produced in the conversion region was calculated. This yield is about 2x10^2 photons per primary electron at 1 bar, increasing to about 6x10^2 at 5 bar and, then, decreasing again to 2x10^2 at 10 bar. The readout of this scintillation by a suitable photosensor will result in higher gains but with increased statistical fluctuations. Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2010-09-15
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Primary and secondary scintillation measurements in a xenon Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter

Fernandes, L. M. P. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Ball, M. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Yahlali, N. / Nygren, D. / Santos, J. M. F. dos

2010

Abstract: NEXT is a new experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay using a 100 kg radio-pure high-pressure gaseous xenon TPC. The detector requires excellent energy resolution, which can be achieved in a Xe TPC with electroluminescence readout. ... ...

Abstract	NEXT is a new experiment to search for neutrinoless double beta decay using a 100 kg radio-pure high-pressure gaseous xenon TPC. The detector requires excellent energy resolution, which can be achieved in a Xe TPC with electroluminescence readout. Hamamatsu R8520-06SEL photomultipliers are good candidates for the scintillation readout. The performance of this photomultiplier, used as VUV photosensor in a gas proportional scintillation counter, was investigated. Initial results for the detection of primary and secondary scintillation produced as a result of the interaction of 5.9 keV X-rays in gaseous xenon, at room temperature and at pressures up to 3 bar, are presented. An energy resolution of 8.0% was obtained for secondary scintillation produced by 5.9 keV X-rays. No significant variation of the primary scintillation was observed for different pressures (1, 2 and 3 bar) and for electric fields up to 0.8 V cm-1 torr-1 in the drift region, demonstrating negligible recombination luminescence. A primary scintillation yield of 81 \pm 7 photons was obtained for 5.9 keV X-rays, corresponding to a mean energy of 72 \pm 6 eV to produce a primary scintillation photon in xenon. Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in JINST
Keywords	Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Nuclear Experiment
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2010-09-14
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Sensitivity of the NEXT experiment to Xe-124 double electron capture

Martínez-Lema, G. / Martínez-Vara, M. / Sorel, M. / Adams, C. / Alvarez, V. / Arazi, L. / Arnquist, I. J. / Azevedo, C. D. R / Bailey, K. / Ballester, F. / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Byrnes, N. / Cárcel, S. / Carrión, J. V. / Cebrián, S. / Church, E. / Conde, C. A. N. / Contreras, T. /

Díaz, G. / Díaz, J. / Diesburg, M. / Escada, J. / Esteve, R. / Felkai, R. / Fernandes, A. F. M. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Generowicz, J. / Ghosh, S. / Goldschmidt, A. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / González-Díaz, D. / Guenette, R. / Gutiérrez, R. M. / Haefner, J. / Hafidi, K. / Hauptman, J. / Henriques, C. A. O. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrero, P. / Herrero, V. / Ifergan, Y. / Johnston, S. / Jones, B. J. P. / Kekic, M. / Labarga, L. / Laing, A. / Lebrun, P. / López-March, N. / Losada, M. / Mano, R. D. P. / Martín-Albo, J. / Martínez, A. / McDonald, A. D. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Vidal, J. Muñoz / Novella, P. / Nygren, D. R. / Palmeiro, B. / Para, A. / Pérez, J. / Querol, M. / Redwine, A. B. / Renner, J. / Repond, J. / Riordan, S. / Ripoll, L. / García, Y. Rodríguez / Rodríguez, J. / Rogers, L. / Romeo, B. / Romo-Luque, C. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Simón, A. / Sofka, C. / Stiegler, T. / Toledo, J. F. / Torrent, J. / Usón, A. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Webb, R. / Weiss-Babai, R. / White, J. T. / Woodruff, K. / Yahlali, N.

2020

Abstract: Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized ... ...

Abstract	Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite different, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture ($2\nu ECEC$) has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in $^{78}$Kr, $^{130}$Ba and, recently, $^{124}$Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process, $0\nu ECEC$. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to $^{124}$Xe $2\nu ECEC$ and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the $2\nu ECEC$ signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with $^{124}$Xe-depleted gas as background, we define an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of $^{124}$Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the $2\nu ECEC$ half-life of $6 \times 10^{22}$ y (at 90% confidence level) or better can be reached. Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures
Keywords	High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Nuclear Experiment ; Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Subject code	621
Publishing date	2020-06-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Mitigation of Backgrounds from Cosmogenic $^{137}$Xe in Xenon Gas Experiments using $^{3}$He Neutron Capture

Rogers, L. / Jones, B. J. P. / Laing, A. / Pingulkar, S. / Woodruff, K. / Adams, C. / Álvarez, V. / Arazi, L. / Arnquist, I. J. / Azevedo, C. D. R / Bailey, K. / Ballester, F. / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Byrnes, N. / Cárcel, S. / Carrión, J. V. / Cebrián, S. / Church, E. /

Conde, C. A. N. / Contreras, T. / Díaz, G. / Díaz, J. / Diesburg, M. / Dingler, R. / Escada, J. / Esteve, R. / Felkai, R. / Fernandes, A. F. M. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Generowicz, J. / Ghosh, S. / Goldschmidt, A. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / González-Díaz, D. / Guenette, R. / Gutiérrez, R. M. / Haefner, J. / Hafidi, K. / Hauptman, J. / Henriques, C. A. O. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrero, P. / Herrero, V. / Ifergan, Y. / Johnston, S. / Kekic, M. / Labarga, L. / Lebrun, P. / López-March, N. / Losada, M. / Mano, R. D. P. / Martín-Albo, J. / Martínez, A. / Martínez-Lema, G. / McDonald, A. D. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Vidal, J. Muñoz / Novella, P. / Nygren, D. R. / Palmeiro, B. / Para, A. / Pérez, J. / Querol, M. / Redwine, A. B. / Renner, J. / Repond, J. / Riordan, S. / Ripoll, L. / García, Y. Rodríguez / Rodríguez, J. / Romeo, B. / Romo-Luque, C. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Simón, A. / Sofka, C. / Sorel, M. / Stiegler, T. / Toledo, J. F. / Torrent, J. / Usón, A. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Webb, R. / Weiss-Babai, R. / White, J. T. / Yahlali, N.

2020

Abstract: Xe{136} is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for \bbnonu. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that ... ...

Abstract	\Xe{136} is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for \bbnonu. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of \Xe{137} created by the capture of neutrons on \Xe{136}. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 minutes and a \Qb\ of $\sim$4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of \He{3} to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from \Xe{137} activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory.
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; High Energy Physics - Experiment
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2020-01-29
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Demonstration of Single-Barium-Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging.

McDonald, A D / Jones, B J P / Nygren, D R / Adams, C / Álvarez, V / Azevedo, C D R / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J M / Borges, F I G M / Botas, A / Cárcel, S / Carrión, J V / Cebrián, S / Conde, C A N / Díaz, J / Diesburg, M / Escada, J / Esteve, R / Felkai, R / Fernandes, L M P /

Ferrario, P / Ferreira, A L / Freitas, E D C / Goldschmidt, A / Gómez-Cadenas, J J / González-Díaz, D / Gutiérrez, R M / Guenette, R / Hafidi, K / Hauptman, J / Henriques, C A O / Hernandez, A I / Hernando Morata, J A / Herrero, V / Johnston, S / Labarga, L / Laing, A / Lebrun, P / Liubarsky, I / López-March, N / Losada, M / Martín-Albo, J / Martínez-Lema, G / Martínez, A / Monrabal, F / Monteiro, C M B / Mora, F J / Moutinho, L M / Muñoz Vidal, J / Musti, M / Nebot-Guinot, M / Novella, P / Palmeiro, B / Para, A / Pérez, J / Querol, M / Repond, J / Renner, J / Riordan, S / Ripoll, L / Rodríguez, J / Rogers, L / Santos, F P / Dos Santos, J M F / Simón, A / Sofka, C / Sorel, M / Stiegler, T / Toledo, J F / Torrent, J / Tsamalaidze, Z / Veloso, J F C A / Webb, R / White, J T / Yahlali, N

Physical review letters

2018 Volume 120, Issue 13, Page(s) 132504

Abstract: A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. ...

Abstract	A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. A single-step photobleach confirms the single ion interpretation. Individual ions are localized with superresolution (∼2 nm), and detected with a statistical significance of 12.9σ over backgrounds. This lays the foundation for a new and potentially background-free neutrinoless double-beta decay technology, based on SMFI coupled to high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.132504
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Book ; Online: Radio Frequency and DC High Voltage Breakdown of High Pressure Helium, Argon, and Xenon

Woodruff, K. / Baeza-Rubio, J. / Huerta, D. / Jones, B. J. P. / McDonald, A. D. / Norman, L. / Nygren, D. R. / Adams, C. / Álvarez, V. / Arazi, L. / Arnquist, I. J. / Azevedo, C. D. R / Bailey, K. / Ballester, F. / Benlloch-Rodríguez, J. M. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Byrnes, N. K. / Cárcel, S. / Carrión, J. V. /

Cebrián, S. / Church, E. / Conde, C. A. N. / Contreras, T. / Denisenko, A. A. / Díaz, G. / Díaz, J. / Diesburg, M. / Escada, J. / Esteve, R. / Felkai, R. / Fernandes, A. F. M. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Foss Jr., F. W. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Generowicz, J. / Goldschmidt, A. / González-Díaz, D. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / Ghosh, S. / Guenette, R. / Gutiérrez, R. M. / Haefner, J. / Hafidi, K. / Hauptman, J. / Henriques, C. A. O. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrero, P. / Herrero, V. / Johnston, S. / Kekic, M. / Labarga, L. / Laing, A. / Lebrun, P. / López-March, N. / Losada, M. / Mano, R. D. P. / Martín-Albo, J. / Martínez, A. / Martínez-Lema, G. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Vidal, J. Muñoz / Novella, P. / Palmeiro, B. / Para, A. / Pérez, J. / Querol, M. / Renner, J. / Repond, J. / Riordan, S. / Ripoll, L. / Garcia, Y. Rodriguez / Rodríguez, J. / Rogers, L. / Romeo, B. / Romo-Luque, C. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Simón, A. / Sofka, C. / Sorel, M. / Stiegler, T. / Thapa, P. / Toledo, J. F. / Torrent, J. / Usón, A. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Webb, R. / Weiss-Babai, R. / White, J. T. / Yahlali, N.

2019

Abstract: Motivated by the possibility of guiding daughter ions from double beta decay events to single-ion sensors for barium tagging, the NEXT collaboration is developing a program of R&D to test radio frequency (RF) carpets for ion transport in high pressure ... ...

Abstract	Motivated by the possibility of guiding daughter ions from double beta decay events to single-ion sensors for barium tagging, the NEXT collaboration is developing a program of R&D to test radio frequency (RF) carpets for ion transport in high pressure xenon gas. This would require carpet functionality in regimes at higher pressures than have been previously reported, implying correspondingly larger electrode voltages than in existing systems. This mode of operation appears plausible for contemporary RF-carpet geometries due to the higher predicted breakdown strength of high pressure xenon relative to low pressure helium, the working medium in most existing RF carpet devices. In this paper we present the first measurements of the high voltage dielectric strength of xenon gas at high pressure and at the relevant RF frequencies for ion transport (in the 10 MHz range), as well as new DC and RF measurements of the dielectric strengths of high pressure argon and helium gases at small gap sizes. We find breakdown voltages that are compatible with stable RF carpet operation given the gas, pressure, voltage, materials and geometry of interest.
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Nuclear Experiment
Subject code	621
Publishing date	2019-09-12
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Characterization of a medium size Xe/TMA TPC instrumented with microbulk Micromegas, using low-energy $\gamma$-rays

The NEXT collaboration / Alvarez, V. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Carcel, S. / Castel, J. / Cebrian, S. / Cervera, A. / Conde, C. A. N. / Dafni, T. / Dias, T. H. V. T. / Diaz, J. / Egorov, M. / Esteve, R. / Evtoukhovitch, P. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Gehman, V. M. /

Gil, A. / Goldschmidt, A. / Gomez, H. / Gomez-Cadenas, J. J. / Gonzalez-Diaz, D. / Gutierrez, R. M. / Hauptman, J. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrera, D. C. / Iguaz, F. J. / Irastorza, I. G. / Jinete, M. A. / Labarga, L. / Laing, A. / Liubarsky, I. / Lopes, J. A. M. / Lorca, D. / Losada, M. / Luzon, G. / Mari, A. / Martin-Albo, J. / Martinez, A. / Martinez-Lema, G. / Miller, T. / Moiseenko, A. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Moutinho, L. M. / Vidal, J. Munoz / da Luz, H. Natal / Navarro, G. / Nebot-Guinot, M. / Nygren, D. / Oliveira, C. A. B. / Palma, R. / Perez, J. / Aparicio, J. L. Perez / Renner, J. / Ripoll, L. / Rodriguez, A. / Rodriguez, J. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Segui, L. / Serra, L. / Shuman, D. / Simon, A. / Sofka, C. / Sorel, M. / Toledo, J. F. / Tomas, A. / Torrent, J. / Tsamalaidze, Z. / Vazquez, D. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Villar, J. A. / Webb, R. C. / White, J. T. / Yahlali, N. / Aznar, F. / Calvet, D. / Druillole, F. / Ferrer-Ribas, E. / Garcia, J. A. / Giomataris, I. / Gracia, J. / Coguie, A. Le / Mols, J. P. / Pons, P. / Ruiz, E.

2013

Abstract: NEXT-MM is a general-purpose high pressure (10 bar, $\sim25$ l active volume) Xenon-based TPC, read out in charge mode with an 8 cm $\times$8 cm-segmented 700 cm$^2$ plane (1152 ch) of the latest microbulk-Micromegas technology. It has been recently ... ...

Abstract	NEXT-MM is a general-purpose high pressure (10 bar, $\sim25$ l active volume) Xenon-based TPC, read out in charge mode with an 8 cm $\times$8 cm-segmented 700 cm$^2$ plane (1152 ch) of the latest microbulk-Micromegas technology. It has been recently commissioned at University of Zaragoza as part of the R&D of the NEXT $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment, although the experiment's first stage is currently being built based on a SiPM/PMT-readout concept relying on electroluminescence. Around 2 million events were collected during the last months, stemming from the low energy $\gamma$-rays emitted by a $^{241}$Am source when interacting with the Xenon gas ($\epsilon$ = 26, 30, 59.5 keV). The localized nature of such events above atmospheric pressure, the long drift times, as well as the possibility to determine their production time from the associated $\alpha$ particle in coincidence, allow the extraction of primordial properties of the TPC filling gas, namely the drift velocity, diffusion and attachment coefficients. In this work we focus on the little explored combination of Xe and trimethylamine (TMA) for which, in particular, such properties are largely unknown. This gas mixture offers potential advantages over pure Xenon when aimed at Rare Event Searches, mainly due to its Penning characteristics, wave-length shifting properties and reduced diffusion, and it is being actively investigated by our collaboration. The chamber is currently operated at 2.7 bar, as an intermediate step towards the envisaged 10 bar. We report here its performance as well as a first implementation of the calibration procedures that have allowed the extension of the previously reported energy resolution to the whole readout plane (10.6%FWHM@30keV). Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2013-11-14
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: In-situ calibration of a PMT inside a scintillation detector by means of primary scintillation detection

NEXT Collaboration / Álvarez, V. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Cárcel, S. / Castel, J. / Cebrián, S. / Cervera, A. / Conde, C. A. N. / Dafni, T. / Dias, T. H. V. T. / Díaz, J. / Egorov, M. / Esteve, R. / Evtoukhovitch, P. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Gehman, V. M. /

Gil, A. / Goldschmidt, A. / Gómez, H. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / González-Díaz, D. / Gutiérrez, R. M. / Hauptman, J. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrera, D. C. / Iguaz, F. J. / Irastorza, I. G. / Jinete, M. A. / Labarga, L. / Laing, A. / Liubarsky, I. / Lopes, J. A. M. / Lorca, D. / Losada, M. / Luzón, G. / Marí, A. / Martín-Albo, J. / Martínez, A. / Miller, T. / Moiseenko, A. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Moutinho, L. M. / Vidal, J. Muñoz / da Luz, H. Natal / Navarro, G. / Nebot, M. / Nygren, D. / Oliveira, C. A. B. / Palma, R. / Pérez, J. / Aparicio, J. L. Pérez / Renner, J. / Ripoll, L. / Rodríguez, A. / Rodríguez, J. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Segui, L. / Serra, L. / Shuman, D. / Simón, A. / Sofka, C. / Sorel, M. / Toledo, J. F. / Tomás, A. / Torrent, J. / Tsamalaidze, Z. / Vázquez, D. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Villar, J. A. / Webb, R. C. / White, J. T / Yahlali, N.

2012

Abstract: We have investigated the possibility of calibrating the PMTs of scintillation detectors, using the primary scintillation produced by X-rays to induce single photoelectron response of the PMT. The high-energy tail of this response, can be approximated to ... ...

Abstract	We have investigated the possibility of calibrating the PMTs of scintillation detectors, using the primary scintillation produced by X-rays to induce single photoelectron response of the PMT. The high-energy tail of this response, can be approximated to an exponential function, under some conditions. In these cases, it is possible to determine the average gain for each PMT biasing voltage from the inverse of the exponent of the exponential fit to the tail, which can be done even if the background and/or noise cover-up most of the distribution. We have compared our results with those obtained by the commonly used single electron response (SER) method, which uses a LED to induce a single photoelectron response of the PMT and determines the peak position of such response, relative to the pedestal peak (the electronic noise peak, which corresponds to 0 photoelectrons). The results of the exponential fit method agree with those obtained by the SER method when the average number of photoelectrons reaching the first dynode per light/scintillation pulse is around 1.0. The SER method has higher precision, while the exponential fit method has the advantage of being useful in situations where the PMT is already in situ, being difficult or even impossible to apply the SER method, e.g. in sealed scintillator/PMT devices. Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; High Energy Physics - Experiment
Subject code	621
Publishing date	2012-11-19
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Ionization and scintillation response of high-pressure xenon gas to alpha particles

NEXT Collaboration / Álvarez, V. / Borges, F. I. G. M. / Cárcel, S. / Cebrián, S. / Cervera, A. / Conde, C. A. N. / Dafni, T. / Díaz, J. / Egorov, M. / Esteve, R. / Evtoukhovitch, P. / Fernandes, L. M. P. / Ferrario, P. / Ferreira, A. L. / Freitas, E. D. C. / Gehman, V. M. / Gil, A. / Goldschmidt, A. /

Gómez, H. / Gómez-Cadenas, J. J. / González-Díaz, D. / Gutiérrez, R. M. / Hauptman, J. / Morata, J. A. Hernando / Herrera, D. C. / Irastorza, I. G. / Jinete, M. A. / Labarga, L. / Laing, A. / Liubarsky, I. / Lopes, J. A. M. / Lorca, D. / Losada, M. / Luzón, G. / Marí, A. / Martín-Albo, J. / Miller, T. / Moiseenko, A. / Monrabal, F. / Monteiro, C. M. B. / Mora, F. J. / Moutinho, L. M. / Vidal, J. Muñoz / da Luz, H. Natal / Navarro, G. / Nebot-Guinot, M. / Nygren, D. / Oliveira, C. A. B. / Palma, R. / Pérez, J. / Aparicio, J. L. Pérez / Renner, J. / Ripoll, L. / Rodríguez, A. / Rodríguez, J. / Santos, F. P. / Santos, J. M. F. dos / Segui, L. / Serra, L. / Shuman, D. / Simón, A. / Sofka, C. / Sorel, M. / Toledo, J. F. / Tomás, A. / Torrent, J. / Tsamalaidze, Z. / Vázquez, D. / Veloso, J. F. C. A. / Webb, R. / White, J. T / Yahlali, N.

2012

Abstract: High-pressure xenon gas is an attractive detection medium for a variety of applications in fundamental and applied physics. In this paper we study the ionization and scintillation detection properties of xenon gas at 10 bar pressure. For this purpose, we ...

Abstract	High-pressure xenon gas is an attractive detection medium for a variety of applications in fundamental and applied physics. In this paper we study the ionization and scintillation detection properties of xenon gas at 10 bar pressure. For this purpose, we use a source of alpha particles in the NEXT-DEMO time projection chamber, the large scale prototype of the NEXT-100 neutrinoless double beta decay experiment, in three different drift electric field configurations. We measure the ionization electron drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion, and compare our results to expectations based on available electron scattering cross sections on pure xenon. In addition, two types of measurements addressing the connection between the ionization and scintillation yields are performed. On the one hand we observe, for the first time in xenon gas, large event-by-event correlated fluctuations between the ionization and scintillation signals, similar to that already observed in liquid xenon. On the other hand, we study the field dependence of the average scintillation and ionization yields. Both types of measurements may shed light on the mechanism of electron-ion recombination in xenon gas for highly-ionizing particles. Finally, by comparing the response of alpha particles and electrons in NEXT-DEMO, we find no evidence for quenching of the primary scintillation light produced by alpha particles in the xenon gas. Comment: 36 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables. Version accepted for publication in JINST
Keywords	Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Nuclear Experiment
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2012-11-19
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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