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Article ; Online: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D variability within-person due to diurnal rhythm and illness: a case report.

French, Christine B / McDonnell, Sharon L / Vieth, Reinhold

2019 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 29

Abstract: Background: Vitamin D nutrition research requires accurate measures of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Our objectives were to test whether a diurnal fluctuation in blood-spot concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D can be demonstrated statistically in a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vitamin D nutrition research requires accurate measures of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Our objectives were to test whether a diurnal fluctuation in blood-spot concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D can be demonstrated statistically in a single individual, and whether such fluctuation is affected by the pre-dose versus post-dose timing of the blood draw. Case presentation: The participant in this case study was a generally healthy Caucasian woman in her 40s who has taken 5000 IU vitamin D3 supplement at midday for over 1 year. Each blood sample was drawn individually from a finger prick onto filter paper at morning, midday, or night, on 4 days (three groups of five individual blood samples per collection day). On days 1 and 2, the midday samples were collected approximately 1 hour after the supplement was taken; on days 3 and 4, the midday samples were collected within an hour prior to supplementation (the classical, daily "trough" value for a drug). There was a significant daily pattern of variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (analysis of variance p ≤ 0.02 for 3 of the 4 days): peak midday mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D was approximately 20% higher than in the morning, and approximately 13% higher than in the evening. Trough sampling produced no significant difference in 25-hydroxyvitamin D compared to sampling an hour after the dose. An incidental finding was that acute illness during the study was related to acutely lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D at every sampling time in the day (p < 0.00001). Conclusions: There was a consistent diurnal variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D, with the peak at midday. There was no difference between trough versus post-dose blood draws. Acute illness may acutely lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Because within-person, within-day variability in 25-hydroxyvitamin D is approximately 20%, sampling time introduces systematic error in vitamin D nutritional assessment that is bigger than random analytical error or choice of assay method.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cholecalciferol/administration & dosage ; Cholecalciferol/blood ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Common Cold/blood ; Common Cold/physiopathology ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood ; Vitamin D/physiology
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Cholecalciferol (1C6V77QF41) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2269805-X
ISSN	1752-1947 ; 1752-1947
ISSN (online)	1752-1947
ISSN	1752-1947
DOI	10.1186/s13256-018-1948-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cross-sectional study of the combined associations of dietary and supplemental eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid on Omega-3 Index

McDonnell, Sharon L / French, Christine B / Baggerly, Carole A / Harris, William S

Nutrition research. 2019 Nov., v. 71

2019

Abstract: Studies have linked an Omega-3 Index (O3I), which measures eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, of ≥8% with improved health. Previous studies found that the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendation ... ...

Abstract	Studies have linked an Omega-3 Index (O3I), which measures eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, of ≥8% with improved health. Previous studies found that the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendation of 1-2 seafood meals per week does not achieve an O3I ≥8% even with an EPA + DHA supplement; however, these studies did not assess the frequency or amount of supplemental intake. Among participants in a predominantly US and Canadian cohort with high nutrient supplement use, we hypothesized that those adhering to the AHA guidelines would not have an average O3I ≥8% but that those taking a daily supplement would. Fish consumption and EPA + DHA supplement use were reported by 1795 participants; 985 also completed a blood spot test for O3I. A majority (71%) consumed <2 servings per week of fatty fish, and 61% took an EPA + DHA supplement. The amount of EPA + DHA for 1 serving (based on the product label) significantly differed among the >400 supplement products (50-3570 mg). O3I was ≥8.0% in 19% of participants. Among non–supplement takers, 3% of those consuming 1 fish serving per week and 17% consuming ≥2 achieved an O3I ≥8.0%. Among those consuming ≥2 fish servings per week, only those also taking an average of 1100 mg/d of supplemental EPA + DHA had a median O3I ≥8.0%. Based on the relationship between supplemental EPA + DHA intake and O3I for non–fish eaters (R2 = 0.40, P < .0001), an average of ~1300 mg/d of EPA + DHA achieved an O3I of 8.0%. This study suggests that following the AHA guidelines does not produce an O3I ≥8% nor does taking 1 serving per day of most omega-3 supplements.
Keywords	blood ; cross-sectional studies ; docosahexaenoic acid ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; erythrocyte membrane ; fatty fish ; fish consumption ; guidelines ; seafoods ; United States
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-11
Size	p. 43-55.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	582432-1
ISSN	1879-0739 ; 0271-5317
ISSN (online)	1879-0739
ISSN	0271-5317
DOI	10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.001
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Cross-sectional study of the combined associations of dietary and supplemental eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid on Omega-3 Index.

McDonnell, Sharon L / French, Christine B / Baggerly, Carole A / Harris, William S

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)

2019 Volume 71, Page(s) 43–55

Abstract: Studies have linked an Omega-3 Index (O3I), which measures eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, of ≥8% with improved health. Previous studies found that the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendation ... ...

Abstract	Studies have linked an Omega-3 Index (O3I), which measures eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, of ≥8% with improved health. Previous studies found that the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendation of 1-2 seafood meals per week does not achieve an O3I ≥8% even with an EPA + DHA supplement; however, these studies did not assess the frequency or amount of supplemental intake. Among participants in a predominantly US and Canadian cohort with high nutrient supplement use, we hypothesized that those adhering to the AHA guidelines would not have an average O3I ≥8% but that those taking a daily supplement would. Fish consumption and EPA + DHA supplement use were reported by 1795 participants; 985 also completed a blood spot test for O3I. A majority (71%) consumed <2 servings per week of fatty fish, and 61% took an EPA + DHA supplement. The amount of EPA + DHA for 1 serving (based on the product label) significantly differed among the >400 supplement products (50-3570 mg). O3I was ≥8.0% in 19% of participants. Among non-supplement takers, 3% of those consuming 1 fish serving per week and 17% consuming ≥2 achieved an O3I ≥8.0%. Among those consuming ≥2 fish servings per week, only those also taking an average of 1100 mg/d of supplemental EPA + DHA had a median O3I ≥8.0%. Based on the relationship between supplemental EPA + DHA intake and O3I for non-fish eaters (R
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Canada ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet/methods ; Dietary Supplements ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid/blood ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8) ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid (AAN7QOV9EA)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	582432-1
ISSN	1879-0739 ; 0271-5317
ISSN (online)	1879-0739
ISSN	0271-5317
DOI	10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.001
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Article ; Online: Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths.

Grant, William B / Lahore, Henry / McDonnell, Sharon L / Baggerly, Carole A / French, Christine B / Aliano, Jennifer L / Bhattoa, Harjit P

Nutrients

2020 Volume 12, Issue 4

Abstract: The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory ... ...

Abstract	The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/mortality ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Nutrition Therapy ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seasons ; Vitamin D/physiology ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology ; Vitamin D Deficiency/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12040988
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Grant, William B / Lahore, Henry / McDonnell, Sharon L / Baggerly, Carole A / French, Christine B / Aliano, Jennifer L / Bhattoa, Harjit P

Nutrients. 2020 Apr. 02, v. 12, no. 4

2020

Abstract	The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D₃ for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D₃ doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.
Keywords	Coronavirus infections ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; age ; at-risk population ; cathelicidins ; chronic diseases ; comorbidity ; cytokines ; death ; infection ; inflammation ; influenza ; knowledge ; lungs ; mortality ; nutrients ; observational studies ; pandemic ; people ; pneumonia ; randomized clinical trials ; risk reduction ; summer ; virus replication ; vitamin D ; vitamin D deficiency ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0402
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12040988
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Quantifying the food sources of basal vitamin d input.

McDonnell, Sharon L / French, Christine B / Heaney, Robert P

The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

2014 Volume 144 Pt A, Page(s) 149–151

Abstract: Cutaneous synthesis and traditional food sources do not fully account for unsupplemented vitamin D status. Non-traditional food sources may be an undiscovered input. In a cohort of 780 non-supplement-taking adults with a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [ ... ...

Abstract	Cutaneous synthesis and traditional food sources do not fully account for unsupplemented vitamin D status. Non-traditional food sources may be an undiscovered input. In a cohort of 780 non-supplement-taking adults with a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of 33 (±14)ng/ml we assessed the relationship between vitamin D status and selected food sources. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was adjusted for season, UVB exposures, and body size. These adjusted values were then regressed against multiple food items and combinations. Whole milk cottage cheese, eggs, red meat, and total protein were positively associated with total 25(OH)D and/or 25(OH)D3 (P<0.05 for each), whereas fish and milk intake were not. The slope of the relationship was such that for every intake of 1serving/day, serum 25(OH)D rose by about 2ng/ml for eggs and 1ng/ml for meat and total protein. For every weekly serving of whole milk cottage cheese, serum 25(OH)D rose by about 1ng/ml. While some food sources were significant predictors of vitamin D status, their ability to explain inter-individual variability was limited. Supplementation will likely remain essential to improving vitamin D status on a population level. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Diet ; Eating ; Humans ; Vitamin D/analysis ; Vitamin D/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1049188-0
ISSN	1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
ISSN (online)	1879-1220
ISSN	0960-0760
DOI	10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.017
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Article ; Online: Quantifying the non-food sources of basal vitamin D input.

McDonnell, Sharon L / French, Christine B / Heaney, Robert P

The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology

2014 Volume 144 Pt A, Page(s) 146–148

Abstract: Unsupplemented vitamin D status is determined by cutaneous synthesis and food inputs; however, their relative magnitudes are largely unknown. In a cohort of 780 non-supplement-taking adults with a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of 33 (±14)ng/ml ...

Abstract	Unsupplemented vitamin D status is determined by cutaneous synthesis and food inputs; however, their relative magnitudes are largely unknown. In a cohort of 780 non-supplement-taking adults with a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of 33 (±14)ng/ml we assessed the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and non-food environmental variables. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was adjusted for seasonal influence (which removed 2% of the total variance) and these adjusted values were regressed against factors involved in cutaneous synthesis. Indoor tanning use, sun exposure, and percent of work performed outdoors were significantly positively associated and body mass index (BMI) was significantly negatively associated with 25(OH)D values (P<0.03 for each). Latitude, gender, and age were not significantly correlated (P>0.10). Season and non-food predictors together explained 13% of the total variance in serum 25(OH)D concentration. Non-traditional food sources need to be investigated as possible vitamin D inputs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Seasons ; Sunlight ; Vitamin D/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1049188-0
ISSN	1879-1220 ; 0960-0760
ISSN (online)	1879-1220
ISSN	0960-0760
DOI	10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.014
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Article: Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Grant, William B / Lahore, Henry / McDonnell, Sharon L / Baggerly, Carole A / French, Christine B / Aliano, Jennifer L / Bhattoa, Harjit P

Nutrients

Abstract	The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: ##BR#"26898
Database	COVID19

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Book ; Online: Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Grant, William B. / Lahore, Henry / McDonnell, Sharon L. / Baggerly, Carole A. / French, Christine B. / Aliano, Jennifer L. / Bhattoa, Harjit Pal

2020

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	LB
Keywords	Orvostudományok ; Klinikai orvostudományok ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing country	hu
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vitamin D supplement doses and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the range associated with cancer prevention.

Garland, Cedric F / French, Christine B / Baggerly, Leo L / Heaney, Robert P

Anticancer research

2011 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 607–611

Abstract: Background: Studies indicate that intake of vitamin D in the range from 1,100 to 4,000 IU/d and a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] from 60-80 ng/ml may be needed to reduce cancer risk. Few community-based studies allow estimation of the ...

Abstract	Background: Studies indicate that intake of vitamin D in the range from 1,100 to 4,000 IU/d and a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] from 60-80 ng/ml may be needed to reduce cancer risk. Few community-based studies allow estimation of the dose-response relationship between oral intake of vitamin D and corresponding serum 25(OH)D in the range above 1,000 IU/d. Materials and methods: A descriptive study of serum 25(OH)D concentration and self-reported vitamin D intake in a community-based cohort (n = 3,667, mean age 51.3 ± 13.4 y). Results: Serum 25(OH)D rose as a function of self-reported vitamin D supplement ingestion in a curvilinear fashion, with no intakes of 10,000 IU/d or lower producing 25(OH)D values above the lower-bound of the zone of potential toxicity (200 ng/ml). Unsupplemented all-source input was estimated at 3,300 IU/d. The supplemental dose ensuring that 97.5% of this population achieved a serum 25(OH)D of at least 40 ng/ml was 9,600 IU/d. Conclusion: Universal intake of up to 40,000 IU vitamin D per day is unlikely to result in vitamin D toxicity.
MeSH term(s)	Cohort Studies ; Dietary Supplements ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/blood ; Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Self Report ; Vitamin D/administration & dosage ; Vitamin D/adverse effects ; Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D/blood
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; 25-hydroxyvitamin D (A288AR3C9H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604549-2
ISSN	1791-7530 ; 0250-7005
ISSN (online)	1791-7530
ISSN	0250-7005
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