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  1. Article ; Online: Allelic imbalance in human breast cancer.

    French, Juliet D / Edwards, Stacey L

    Oncotarget

    2017  Volume 8, Issue 7, Page(s) 10763–10764

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type News
    ZDB-ID 2560162-3
    ISSN 1949-2553 ; 1949-2553
    ISSN (online) 1949-2553
    ISSN 1949-2553
    DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.14648
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Redefining normal breast cell populations using long noncoding RNAs.

    Bitar, Mainá / Rivera, Isela Sarahi / Almeida, Isabela / Shi, Wei / Ferguson, Kaltin / Beesley, Jonathan / Lakhani, Sunil R / Edwards, Stacey L / French, Juliet D

    Nucleic acids research

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 12, Page(s) 6389–6410

    Abstract: Single-cell RNAseq has allowed unprecedented insight into gene expression across different cell populations in normal tissue and disease states. However, almost all studies rely on annotated gene sets to capture gene expression levels and sequencing ... ...

    Abstract Single-cell RNAseq has allowed unprecedented insight into gene expression across different cell populations in normal tissue and disease states. However, almost all studies rely on annotated gene sets to capture gene expression levels and sequencing reads that do not align to known genes are discarded. Here, we discover thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expressed in human mammary epithelial cells and analyze their expression in individual cells of the normal breast. We show that lncRNA expression alone can discriminate between luminal and basal cell types and define subpopulations of both compartments. Clustering cells based on lncRNA expression identified additional basal subpopulations, compared to clustering based on annotated gene expression, suggesting that lncRNAs can provide an additional layer of information to better distinguish breast cell subpopulations. In contrast, these breast-specific lncRNAs poorly distinguish brain cell populations, highlighting the need to annotate tissue-specific lncRNAs prior to expression analyses. We also identified a panel of 100 breast lncRNAs that could discern breast cancer subtypes better than protein-coding markers. Overall, our results suggest that lncRNAs are an unexplored resource for new biomarker and therapeutic target discovery in the normal breast and breast cancer subtypes.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Breast/cytology ; Breast/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; RNA, Long Noncoding
    Chemical Substances RNA, Long Noncoding
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 186809-3
    ISSN 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    ISSN (online) 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
    ISSN 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    DOI 10.1093/nar/gkad339
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Lentiviral Transduction-based CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of

    Du, Xiaofeng / McManus, Donald P / French, Juliet D / Sivakumaran, Haran / Johnston, Rebecca L / Kondrashova, Olga / Fogarty, Conor E / Jones, Malcolm K / You, Hong

    Current genomics

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 3, Page(s) 155–170

    Abstract: Background: Recent studies on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in : Methods: To improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in schistosomes, we used lentivirus, which has been effectively used for gene editing in mammalian cells, to deliver ...

    Abstract Background: Recent studies on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in
    Methods: To improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in schistosomes, we used lentivirus, which has been effectively used for gene editing in mammalian cells, to deliver plasmid DNA encoding Cas9 nuclease, a sgRNA targeting acetylcholinesterase (
    Results: MCherry fluorescence was observed in transduced eggs, schistosomula, and adult worms, indicating that the CRISPR components had been delivered into these parasite stages by lentivirus. In addition, clearly changed phenotypes were observed in
    Conclusion: Taken together, electroporation is more efficient than lentiviral transduction in the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 into schistosomes for programmed genome editing. The exploration of tactics for enhancing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing provides the basis for the future improvement of programmed genome editing in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2033677-9
    ISSN 1875-5488 ; 1389-2029
    ISSN (online) 1875-5488
    ISSN 1389-2029
    DOI 10.2174/1389202924666230823094608
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: CRISPR/Cas9: A new tool for the study and control of helminth parasites.

    Du, Xiaofeng / McManus, Donald P / French, Juliet D / Jones, Malcolm K / You, Hong

    BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology

    2020  Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) e2000185

    Abstract: Recent reports of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in parasitic helminths open up new avenues for research on these dangerous pathogens. However, the complex morphology and life cycles inherent to these parasites present obstacles for the efficient application ...

    Abstract Recent reports of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in parasitic helminths open up new avenues for research on these dangerous pathogens. However, the complex morphology and life cycles inherent to these parasites present obstacles for the efficient application of CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis. This is especially true with the trematode flukes where only modest levels of gene mutation efficiency have been achieved. Current major challenges in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 for study of parasitic worms thus lie in enhancing gene mutation efficiency and overcoming issues involved in host passage so that mutated parasites survive. Strategies developed for CRISPR/Cas9 studies on Caenorhabditis elegans, protozoa and mammalian cells, including novel delivery methods, the choice of selectable markers, and refining mutation precision represent novel tactics whereby these impediments can be overcome. Furthermore, employing CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene drive to interfere with vector transmission represents a novel approach for the control of parasitic worms that is worthy of further exploration.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Gene Editing ; Mutagenesis ; Parasites
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 50140-2
    ISSN 1521-1878 ; 0265-9247
    ISSN (online) 1521-1878
    ISSN 0265-9247
    DOI 10.1002/bies.202000185
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: CRISPR interference for sequence-specific regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor A in

    Du, Xiaofeng / McManus, Donald P / French, Juliet D / Collinson, Natasha / Sivakumaran, Haran / MacGregor, Skye R / Fogarty, Conor E / Jones, Malcolm K / You, Hong

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1105719

    Abstract: Employing the flatworm ... ...

    Abstract Employing the flatworm parasite
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Gene Expression ; Parasites ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Schistosoma mansoni ; Stem Cells ; CRISPR-Cas Systems
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1105719
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Development of CRISPR/Cas13a-based assays for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis.

    MacGregor, Skye R / McManus, Donald P / Sivakumaran, Haran / Egwang, Thomas G / Adriko, Moses / Cai, Pengfei / Gordon, Catherine A / Duke, Mary G / French, Juliet D / Collinson, Natasha / Olveda, Remigio M / Hartel, Gunter / Graeff-Teixeira, Carlos / Jones, Malcolm K / You, Hong

    EBioMedicine

    2023  Volume 94, Page(s) 104730

    Abstract: Background: Schistosomiasis is a disease that significantly impacts human health in the developing world. Effective diagnostics are urgently needed for improved control of this disease. CRISPR-based technology has rapidly accelerated the development of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Schistosomiasis is a disease that significantly impacts human health in the developing world. Effective diagnostics are urgently needed for improved control of this disease. CRISPR-based technology has rapidly accelerated the development of a revolutionary and powerful diagnostics platform, resulting in the advancement of a class of ultrasensitive, specific, cost-effective and portable diagnostics, typified by applications in COVID-19/cancer diagnosis.
    Methods: We developed CRISPR-based diagnostic platform SHERLOCK (Specific High-sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter unLOCKing) for the detection of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni by combining recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR-Cas13a detection, measured via fluorescent or colorimetric readouts. We evaluated SHERLOCK assays by using 150 faecal/serum samples collected from Schistosoma-infected ARC Swiss mice (female), and 189 human faecal/serum samples obtained from a S. japonicum-endemic area in the Philippines and a S. mansoni-endemic area in Uganda.
    Findings: The S. japonicum SHERLOCK assay achieved 93-100% concordance with gold-standard qPCR detection across all the samples. The S. mansoni SHERLOCK assay demonstrated higher sensitivity than qPCR and was able to detect infection in mouse serum as early as 3 weeks post-infection. In human samples, S. mansoni SHERLOCK had 100% sensitivity when compared to qPCR of faecal and serum samples.
    Interpretation: These schistosomiasis diagnostic assays demonstrate the potential of SHERLOCK/CRISPR-based diagnostics to provide highly accurate and field-friendly point-of-care tests that could provide the next generation of diagnostic and surveillance tools for parasitic neglected tropical diseases.
    Funding: Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre seed grant (2022) and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia (APP1194462, APP2008433).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Australia ; COVID-19 ; Schistosomiasis/diagnosis ; Schistosoma japonicum ; COVID-19 Testing
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2851331-9
    ISSN 2352-3964
    ISSN (online) 2352-3964
    DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104730
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  7. Article ; Online: CRISPR screens identify gene targets at breast cancer risk loci.

    Tuano, Natasha K / Beesley, Jonathan / Manning, Murray / Shi, Wei / Perlaza-Jimenez, Laura / Malaver-Ortega, Luis F / Paynter, Jacob M / Black, Debra / Civitarese, Andrew / McCue, Karen / Hatzipantelis, Aaron / Hillman, Kristine / Kaufmann, Susanne / Sivakumaran, Haran / Polo, Jose M / Reddel, Roger R / Band, Vimla / French, Juliet D / Edwards, Stacey L /
    Powell, David R / Chenevix-Trench, Georgia / Rosenbluh, Joseph

    Genome biology

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 59

    Abstract: Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified > 200 loci associated with breast cancer risk. The majority of candidate causal variants are in non-coding regions and likely modulate cancer risk by regulating gene expression. However, ...

    Abstract Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified > 200 loci associated with breast cancer risk. The majority of candidate causal variants are in non-coding regions and likely modulate cancer risk by regulating gene expression. However, pinpointing the exact target of the association, and identifying the phenotype it mediates, is a major challenge in the interpretation and translation of GWAS.
    Results: Here, we show that pooled CRISPR screens are highly effective at identifying GWAS target genes and defining the cancer phenotypes they mediate. Following CRISPR mediated gene activation or suppression, we measure proliferation in 2D, 3D, and in immune-deficient mice, as well as the effect on DNA repair. We perform 60 CRISPR screens and identify 20 genes predicted with high confidence to be GWAS targets that promote cancer by driving proliferation or modulating the DNA damage response in breast cells. We validate the regulation of a subset of these genes by breast cancer risk variants.
    Conclusions: We demonstrate that phenotypic CRISPR screens can accurately pinpoint the gene target of a risk locus. In addition to defining gene targets of risk loci associated with increased breast cancer risk, we provide a platform for identifying gene targets and phenotypes mediated by risk variants.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Neoplasms ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2040529-7
    ISSN 1474-760X ; 1474-760X
    ISSN (online) 1474-760X
    ISSN 1474-760X
    DOI 10.1186/s13059-023-02898-w
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  8. Article ; Online: eQTL Colocalization Analyses Identify NTN4 as a Candidate Breast Cancer Risk Gene.

    Beesley, Jonathan / Sivakumaran, Haran / Moradi Marjaneh, Mahdi / Shi, Wei / Hillman, Kristine M / Kaufmann, Susanne / Hussein, Nehal / Kar, Siddhartha / Lima, Luize G / Ham, Sunyoung / Möller, Andreas / Chenevix-Trench, Georgia / Edwards, Stacey L / French, Juliet D

    American journal of human genetics

    2020  Volume 107, Issue 4, Page(s) 778–787

    Abstract: Breast cancer genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 150 genomic risk regions containing more than 13,000 credible causal variants (CCVs). The CCVs are predominantly noncoding and enriched in regulatory elements. However, the genes ... ...

    Abstract Breast cancer genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 150 genomic risk regions containing more than 13,000 credible causal variants (CCVs). The CCVs are predominantly noncoding and enriched in regulatory elements. However, the genes underlying breast cancer risk associations are largely unknown. Here, we used genetic colocalization analysis to identify loci at which gene expression could potentially explain breast cancer risk phenotypes. Using data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and The Cancer Genome Project (TCGA), we identify shared genetic relationships and reveal novel associations between cancer phenotypes and effector genes. Seventeen genes, including NTN4, were identified as potential mediators of breast cancer risk. For NTN4, we showed the rs61938093 CCV at this region was located within an enhancer element that physically interacts with the NTN4 promoter, and the risk allele reduced NTN4 promoter activity. Furthermore, knockdown of NTN4 in breast cells increased cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These data provide evidence linking risk-associated variation to genes that may contribute to breast cancer predisposition.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/methods ; Heterografts ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Netrins/genetics ; Netrins/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Risk
    Chemical Substances NTN4 protein, human ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Netrins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219384-x
    ISSN 1537-6605 ; 0002-9297
    ISSN (online) 1537-6605
    ISSN 0002-9297
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of Schistosoma mansoni acetylcholinesterase.

    You, Hong / Mayer, Johannes U / Johnston, Rebecca L / Sivakumaran, Haran / Ranasinghe, Shiwanthi / Rivera, Vanessa / Kondrashova, Olga / Koufariotis, Lambros T / Du, Xiaofeng / Driguez, Patrick / French, Juliet D / Waddell, Nicola / Duke, Mary G / Ittiprasert, Wannaporn / Mann, Victoria H / Brindley, Paul J / Jones, Malcolm K / McManus, Donald P

    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) e21205

    Abstract: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing shows cogent potential for the genetic modification of helminth parasites. We report successful gene knock-in (KI) into the genome of the egg of Schistosoma mansoni by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with single-stranded ... ...

    Abstract CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing shows cogent potential for the genetic modification of helminth parasites. We report successful gene knock-in (KI) into the genome of the egg of Schistosoma mansoni by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs). We edited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene of S. mansoni targeting two guide RNAs (gRNAs), X5 and X7, located on exon 5 and exon 7 of Smp_154600, respectively. Eggs recovered from livers of experimentally infected mice were transfected by electroporation with a CRISPR/Cas9-vector encoding gRNA X5 or X7 combining with/ without a ssODN donor. Next generation sequencing analysis of reads of amplicon libraries spanning targeted regions revealed that the major modifications induced by CRISPR/Cas9 in the eggs were generated by homology directed repair (HDR). Furthermore, soluble egg antigen from AChE-edited eggs exhibited markedly reduced AChE activity, indicative that programed Cas9 cleavage mutated the AChE gene. Following injection of AChE-edited schistosome eggs into the tail veins of mice, an significantly enhanced Th2 response involving IL-4, -5, -10, and-13 was detected in lung cells and splenocytes in mice injected with X5-KI eggs in comparison to control mice injected with unmutated eggs. A Th2-predominant response, with increased levels of IL-4, -13, and GATA3, also was induced by X5 KI eggs in small intestine-draining mesenteric lymph node cells when the gene-edited eggs were introduced into the subserosa of the ileum of the mice. These findings confirmed the potential and the utility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing for functional genomics in schistosomes.
    MeSH term(s) Acetylcholinesterase/genetics ; Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Female ; Gene Editing ; Helminth Proteins/genetics ; Helminth Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Schistosoma mansoni/enzymology ; Schistosoma mansoni/genetics ; Schistosomiasis mansoni/genetics ; Schistosomiasis mansoni/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Helminth Proteins ; Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639186-2
    ISSN 1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
    ISSN (online) 1530-6860
    ISSN 0892-6638
    DOI 10.1096/fj.202001745RR
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Long-range transcriptional regulation of breast cancer genes.

    Betts, Joshua A / French, Juliet D / Brown, Melissa A / Edwards, Stacey L

    Genes, chromosomes & cancer

    2013  Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 113–125

    Abstract: Breast cancer is a major health problem and understanding the genetic basis of this disease is crucial for predicting risk and developing effective targeted therapeutics. Several breast cancer predisposing genes have been identified, but mutations in the ...

    Abstract Breast cancer is a major health problem and understanding the genetic basis of this disease is crucial for predicting risk and developing effective targeted therapeutics. Several breast cancer predisposing genes have been identified, but mutations in the coding regions of these genes only accounts for a small proportion of risk. Research now suggests that combinations of multiple non-coding changes in breast cancer susceptibility genes, which cause moderate alterations in gene expression, will be responsible for the remaining inherited risk. These non-coding changes will include variants in proximal and distal transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory elements and may affect the levels and function of trans-acting factors, including proteins and RNAs, which act on these elements. Somatic changes in such elements and factors have also been associated with breast cancer progression. With the recent advent of techniques allowing the detection of long-range DNA interactions spanning the human genome, it has become increasingly clear that long-range regulatory elements constitute an important mechanism for gene regulation. Recent studies have identified several such elements that are important for regulating genes involved in breast cancer, raising the possibility that defects in these sequences may contribute to breast cancer predisposition and progression. In this review, we discuss the emerging functions of cis-regulatory elements and a subset of trans-acting factors in breast tumorigenesis. We also discuss some recent progress in our understanding of how dysregulation in these transcriptional components may contribute to breast cancer, and the potential implications for molecular diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the treatment of this disease.
    MeSH term(s) Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Transcription Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1018988-9
    ISSN 1098-2264 ; 1045-2257
    ISSN (online) 1098-2264
    ISSN 1045-2257
    DOI 10.1002/gcc.22020
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