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Article ; Online: Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review.

Gbinigie, Kome / Frie, Kerstin

BJGP open

2020 Volume 4, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim.: Aim: To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of ... ...

Abstract	Background: There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim. Aim: To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin in treating COVID-19. Design & setting: A rapid review of the literature was conducted. Method: Electronic searches were conducted on 16 April 2020 of PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, MedRxiv, GoogleScholar, and Google. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo studies needed to include a comparator group. Results: Three studies were identified, two in vitro and one in vivo, which were suitable for inclusion. All three were published as pre-prints. The in vitro studies revealed conflicting results, with one finding anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for azithromycin alone, while the other found activity against SARS-CoV-2 only when azithromycin was combined with hydroxychloroquine. A small trial of 36 patients, with high risk of bias, found superior viral clearance in patients with COVID-19 treated with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine combined, compared with hydroxychloroquine alone. Conclusion: There is no evidence to support the use of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 outside of the context of clinical trials, unless it is used to treat bacterial super-infection. There is extremely limited evidence of a possible synergy between azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. The adverse events profile of azithromycin in the context of COVID-19 has not yet been established. Well-conducted clinical trials are urgently needed in this area.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-3795
ISSN (online)	2398-3795
DOI	10.3399/bjgpopen20X101094
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Should chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review.

Gbinigie, Kome / Frie, Kerstin

BJGP open

2020 Volume 4, Issue 2

Abstract: Background: On the 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. To date, there are no medical treatments for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. Novel treatments and/or vaccines will take time to be developed ...

Abstract	Background: On the 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. To date, there are no medical treatments for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. Novel treatments and/or vaccines will take time to be developed and distributed to patients. In light of this, there has been growing interest in the use of existing medications, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), as potential treatments of this disease. Aim: To establish the current evidence for the effectiveness of CQ and HCQ in treating COVID-19. Design & setting: A rapid review of the literature was conducted. Method: Electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted on 21 March 2020. A further search was conducted in Google for relevant literature on 28 March 2020. Results: There is limited evidence of in vitro activity of CQ/HCQ against SARS-CoV-2. A number of in vivo clinical trials are underway. The empirical data available from two of these trials reveal conflicting results. Both trials are characterised by small numbers of participants ( Conclusion: At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether CQ/HCQ are safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. High quality, adequately powered randomised clinical trials in primary and secondary care settings are urgently required to guide policymakers and clinicians. These studies should report medium- and long-term follow-up results, and safety data.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-3795
ISSN (online)	2398-3795
DOI	10.3399/bjgpopen20X101069
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Comparison of Three Dietary Assessment Methods to Estimate Meat Intake as Part of a Meat Reduction Intervention among Adults in the UK.

Stewart, Cristina / Bianchi, Filippo / Frie, Kerstin / Jebb, Susan A

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Food diaries are used to estimate meat intake at an individual level but it is unclear whether simpler methods would provide similar results. This study assessed the agreement between 7 day food diaries in which composite dishes were disaggregated to ... ...

Abstract	Food diaries are used to estimate meat intake at an individual level but it is unclear whether simpler methods would provide similar results. This study assessed the agreement between 7 day food diaries in which composite dishes were disaggregated to assess meat content (reference method), and two simpler methods: (1) frequency meal counts from 7 day food diaries; and (2) 7 day dietary recalls, each using standard estimated portion sizes. We compared data from a randomized controlled trial testing a meat reduction intervention. We used Bland-Altman plots to assess the level of agreement between methods at baseline and linear mixed-effects models to compare estimates of intervention effectiveness. At baseline, participants consumed 132 g/d (±75) of total meat; frequency meal counts and dietary recalls underestimated this by an average of 30 and 34 g/day, respectively. This was partially explained by an underestimation of the assumed portion size. The two simpler methods also underestimated the effect of the intervention, relative to control, though the significant effect of the intervention was unchanged. Simpler methods underestimated absolute meat intake but may be suitable for use in studies to measure the change in meat intake in individuals over time.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Diet Records ; Diet Surveys ; Humans ; Meat/analysis ; Nutrition Assessment ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14030411
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: GP delivered brief weight loss advice: associations between in-consultation behaviour change techniques and patient weight loss in recorded primary care discussions.

Ayre, Eleanor / Lee, Joseph J / Frie, Kerstin / Aveyard, Paul / Albury, Charlotte V A

Health psychology and behavioral medicine

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 2213751

Abstract: Background: Primary care clinicians are encouraged to intervene opportunistically, offering weight-loss advice to people living with obesity. The BWeL trial showed patients receiving brief weight-loss advice from their general practitioner lost weight ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary care clinicians are encouraged to intervene opportunistically, offering weight-loss advice to people living with obesity. The BWeL trial showed patients receiving brief weight-loss advice from their general practitioner lost weight at one year follow-up. We examined the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) clinicians used to identify which BCTs are associated with this weight loss. Methods: We coded 224 audio recorded interventions from the BWeL trial using the behavioural change techniques version one taxonomy (BCTTv1) and the 'refined taxonomy of behaviour change techniques to help people change their physical activity and healthy eating behaviours' (CALOR-RE taxonomy). Linear and logistic regressions were performed to analyse associations between behaviour change techniques used in these taxonomies and patient weight loss. Results: Mean intervention length was 86 s Conclusion: Although we found no evidence to support the use of particular BCTs, our results suggest that it is the brief intervention itself, rather than specific content, which may motivate weight loss. This can support clinicians to confidently intervene without needing complex training. Offering follow-up appointments can support positive changes to health behaviours, even if these are not associated with weight loss.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720684-1
ISSN	2164-2850 ; 2164-2850
ISSN (online)	2164-2850
ISSN	2164-2850
DOI	10.1080/21642850.2023.2213751
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effectiveness of an Online Programme to Tackle Individual’s Meat Intake through SElf-regulation (OPTIMISE): A randomised controlled trial

Frie, Kerstin / Stewart, Cristina / Piernas, Carmen / Cook, Brian / Jebb, Susan A.

European journal of nutrition. 2022 Aug., v. 61, no. 5

2022

Abstract: PURPOSE: A reduction in meat intake is recommended to meet health and environmental sustainability goals. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an online self-regulation intervention to reduce meat consumption. METHODS: One hundred and fifty ... ...

Abstract	PURPOSE: A reduction in meat intake is recommended to meet health and environmental sustainability goals. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an online self-regulation intervention to reduce meat consumption. METHODS: One hundred and fifty one adult meat eaters were randomised 1:1 to a multi-component self-regulation intervention or an information-only control. The study lasted 9 weeks (1-week self-monitoring; 4-week active intervention; and 4-week maintenance phase). The intervention included goal-setting, self-monitoring, action-planning, and health and environmental feedback. Meat intake was estimated through daily questionnaires in weeks 1, 5 and 9. The primary outcome was change in meat consumption from baseline to five weeks. Secondary outcomes included change from baseline to nine weeks and change in red and processed meat intake. We used linear regression models to assess the effectiveness of all the above outcomes. RESULTS: Across the whole sample, meat intake was 226 g/day at baseline, 118 g/day at five weeks, and 114 g/day at nine weeks. At five weeks, the intervention led to a 40 g/day (95%CI − 11.6,− 67.5, P = 0.006) reduction in meat intake, including a 35 g/day (95%CI − 7.7, − 61.7, P = 0.012) reduction in red and processed meat, relative to control. There were no significant differences in meat reduction after the four-week maintenance phase (− 12 g/day intervention vs control, 95% CI 19.1, − 43.4, P = 0.443). Participants said the intervention was informative and eye-opening. CONCLUSION: The intervention was popular among participants and helped achieve initial reductions in meat intake, but the longer-term reductions did not exceed control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04961216, 14th July 2021, retrospectively registered.
Keywords	adults ; environmental sustainability ; meat consumption ; processed meat ; randomized clinical trials ; regression analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 2615-2626.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1466536-0
ISSN	1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
ISSN (online)	1436-6215
ISSN	1436-6207
DOI	10.1007/s00394-022-02828-9
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Comparison of Three Dietary Assessment Methods to Estimate Meat Intake as Part of a Meat Reduction Intervention among Adults in the UK

Stewart, Cristina / Bianchi, Filippo / Frie, Kerstin / Jebb, Susan A.

Nutrients. 2022 Jan. 18, v. 14, no. 3

2022

Abstract	Food diaries are used to estimate meat intake at an individual level but it is unclear whether simpler methods would provide similar results. This study assessed the agreement between 7 day food diaries in which composite dishes were disaggregated to assess meat content (reference method), and two simpler methods: (1) frequency meal counts from 7 day food diaries; and (2) 7 day dietary recalls, each using standard estimated portion sizes. We compared data from a randomized controlled trial testing a meat reduction intervention. We used Bland-Altman plots to assess the level of agreement between methods at baseline and linear mixed-effects models to compare estimates of intervention effectiveness. At baseline, participants consumed 132 g/d (±75) of total meat; frequency meal counts and dietary recalls underestimated this by an average of 30 and 34 g/day, respectively. This was partially explained by an underestimation of the assumed portion size. The two simpler methods also underestimated the effect of the intervention, relative to control, though the significant effect of the intervention was unchanged. Simpler methods underestimated absolute meat intake but may be suitable for use in studies to measure the change in meat intake in individuals over time.
Keywords	meat ; meat consumption ; nutrition assessment ; portion size ; randomized clinical trials
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0118
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14030411
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review

Gbinigie, Kome / Frie, Kerstin

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim. AIM: To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim. AIM: To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin in treating COVID-19. DESIGN & SETTING: A rapid review of the literature was conducted. METHOD: Electronic searches were conducted on 16 April 2020 of PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, MedRxiv, GoogleScholar, and Google. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo studies needed to include a comparator group. RESULTS: Three studies were identified, two in vitro and one in vivo, which were suitable for inclusion. All three were published as pre-prints. The in vitro studies revealed conflicting results, with one finding anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for azithromycin alone, while the other found activity against SARS-CoV-2 only when azithromycin was combined with hydroxychloroquine. A small trial of 36 patients, with high risk of bias, found superior viral clearance in patients with COVID-19 treated with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine combined, compared with hydroxychloroquine alone. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence to support the use of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 outside of the context of clinical trials, unless it is used to treat bacterial super-infection. There is extremely limited evidence of a possible synergy between azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. The adverse events profile of azithromycin in the context of COVID-19 has not yet been established. Well-conducted clinical trials are urgently needed in this area.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32398343
Database	COVID19

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Article: Should chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review

Gbinigie, Kome / Frie, Kerstin

Abstract: BACKGROUND: On the 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. To date, there are no medical treatments for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. Novel treatments and/or vaccines will take time to be developed ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: On the 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. To date, there are no medical treatments for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. Novel treatments and/or vaccines will take time to be developed and distributed to patients. In light of this, there has been growing interest in the use of existing medications, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), as potential treatments of this disease. AIM: To establish the current evidence for the effectiveness of CQ and HCQ in treating COVID-19. DESIGN & SETTING: A rapid review of the literature was conducted. METHOD: Electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar were conducted on 21 March 2020. A further search was conducted in Google for relevant literature on 28 March 2020. RESULTS: There is limited evidence of in vitro activity of CQ/HCQ against SARS-CoV-2. A number of in vivo clinical trials are underway. The empirical data available from two of these trials reveal conflicting results. Both trials are characterised by small numbers of participants (n = 30 and n = 36) and suffer methodological limitations. No medium or long-term follow-up data is available. CONCLUSION: At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether CQ/HCQ are safe and effective treatments for COVID-19. High quality, adequately powered randomised clinical trials in primary and secondary care settings are urgently required to guide policymakers and clinicians. These studies should report medium- and long-term follow-up results, and safety data.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #42154
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Development and Reliability of the Oxford Meat Frequency Questionnaire.

Stewart, Cristina / Frie, Kerstin / Piernas, Carmen / Jebb, Susan A

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 3

Abstract: Reliable and valid measurements of meat intake are needed to advance understanding of its health effects and to evaluate interventions to reduce meat consumption. Here, we describe the development and reliability of the Oxford Meat Frequency ... ...

Abstract	Reliable and valid measurements of meat intake are needed to advance understanding of its health effects and to evaluate interventions to reduce meat consumption. Here, we describe the development and reliability of the Oxford Meat Frequency Questionnaire (MFQ). It asks individuals to report the number of servings of meat and seafood products they consumed in the last 24 h and is administered daily over 7 days. The MFQ combines food portion size data from the UK Food Standards Agency with estimates of meat content in composite dishes from the UK's National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Adults who self-reported to eat meat (
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Diet/statistics & numerical data ; Diet Surveys/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seafood ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13030922
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of OPTIMISE (Online Programme to Tackle Individual's Meat Intake Through Self-regulation): Cohort Study.

Stewart, Cristina / Piernas, Carmen / Frie, Kerstin / Cook, Brian / Jebb, Susan A

Journal of medical Internet research

2022 Volume 24, Issue 12, Page(s) e37389

Abstract: Background: There is an urgent need to reduce society's meat consumption to help mitigate climate change and reduce noncommunicable diseases.: Objective: This study aimed to investigate changes in meat intake after participation in an online, ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is an urgent need to reduce society's meat consumption to help mitigate climate change and reduce noncommunicable diseases. Objective: This study aimed to investigate changes in meat intake after participation in an online, multicomponent, self-regulation intervention. Methods: We conducted a pre-post observational study among adult meat eaters in the United Kingdom who signed up to a website offering support based on self-regulation theory to reduce meat consumption. The program lasted 9 weeks (including a 1-week baseline phase, a 4-week active intervention phase, and a 4-week maintenance phase), comprising self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning, and health and environmental feedback. Meat intake was estimated during weeks 1, 5, and 9 using a 7-day meat frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the change in mean daily meat intake from baseline to week 5 and week 9 among those reporting data using a hierarchical linear mixed model. We assessed changes in attitudes toward meat consumption by questionnaire and considered the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Results: The baseline cohort consisted of 289 participants, of whom 77 were analyzed at week 5 (26.6% of the baseline sample) and 55 at week 9 (71.4% of the week 5 sample). We observed large reductions in meat intake at 5 and 9 weeks: -57 (95% CI -70 to -43) g/day (P<.001) and -49 (95% CI -64 to -34) g/day (P<.001), respectively. Participants' meat-free self-efficacy increased, meat-eating identities moved toward reduced-meat and non-meat-eating identities, and perceptions of meat consumption as the social norm reduced. Participants who completed the study reported high engagement and satisfaction with the intervention. Conclusions: Among people motivated to engage, this online self-regulation program may lead to large reductions in meat intake for more than 2 months, with promising signs of a change in meat-eating identity toward more plant-based diets. This digital behavior change intervention could be offered to complement population-level interventions to support reduction of meat consumption.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-12
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1439-4456
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1439-4456
DOI	10.2196/37389
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