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Article: Pupil disorder. Eye series--19.

Hodge, Chris / Friedrich, Jeff

2004 Volume 33, Issue 9, Page(s) 729–730

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anisocoria/etiology ; Blepharoptosis/etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Family Practice/methods ; Female ; Horner Syndrome/complications ; Horner Syndrome/diagnosis ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-09
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423718-3
ISSN	0300-8495
ISSN	0300-8495
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Article: Test your knowledge. Chronic red eye.

Hodge, Chris / Friedrich, Jeff

Australian family physician

2003 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 353–354

Abstract: A 62 year old woman has come to the practice complaining of an irritable, red eye (Figure 1). This has occurred intermittently over a number of years. The condition tends to resolve over a week or so with the help of a series of lid bathes and hot ... ...

Abstract	A 62 year old woman has come to the practice complaining of an irritable, red eye (Figure 1). This has occurred intermittently over a number of years. The condition tends to resolve over a week or so with the help of a series of lid bathes and hot compresses. For mild to moderate episodes she has previously been prescribed Predsol steroid eye drops for which she has responded quickly. The patient feels that the episodes are increasing and the eye is remaining 'gritty' for longer. Vision in the right eye has become poorer than the left eye.
MeSH term(s)	Chronic Disease ; Eye Diseases/diagnosis ; Eye Diseases/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rosacea/diagnosis ; Rosacea/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-05
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423718-3
ISSN	0300-8495
ISSN	0300-8495
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Article: Diabetes case study. Eye series 6.

Hodge, Chris / Friedrich, Jeff

Australian family physician

2003 Volume 32, Issue 7, Page(s) 537–538

MeSH term(s)	Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis ; Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology ; Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-07
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423718-3
ISSN	0300-8495
ISSN	0300-8495
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Article: Sample size and correlational inference.

Anderson, Richard B / Doherty, Michael E / Friedrich, Jeff C

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

2008 Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 929–944

Abstract: In 4 studies, the authors examined the hypothesis that the structure of the informational environment makes small samples more informative than large ones for drawing inferences about population correlations. The specific purpose of the studies was to ... ...

Abstract	In 4 studies, the authors examined the hypothesis that the structure of the informational environment makes small samples more informative than large ones for drawing inferences about population correlations. The specific purpose of the studies was to test predictions arising from the signal detection simulations of R. B. Anderson, M. E. Doherty, N. D. Berg, and J. C. Friedrich (2005). The results of a simulation study in the present article confirmed and extended previous theoretical claims (R. B. Anderson et al., 2005) that in a yes/no correlation detection task, small-sample advantages should occur but should be restricted to particular decision conditions. In 3 behavioral studies, participants viewed larger or smaller samples of data pairs and judged whether each sample had been drawn from a population characterized by a zero correlation or from one characterized by a greater-than-zero correlation. Consistent with traditional statistical theory, accuracy tended to be greater for larger than for smaller samples, though there was a small-sample advantage in 1 experimental condition. The results are discussed in relation to alternative theoretical and behavioral paradigms such as those of Y. Kareev (e.g., 2005) and K. Fiedler and Y. Kareev (2006).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Judgment ; Models, Psychological ; Signal Detection, Psychological
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	627313-0
ISSN	1939-1285 ; 0278-7393
ISSN (online)	1939-1285
ISSN	0278-7393
DOI	10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.929
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Article ; Online: Skin Antisepsis before Surgical Fixation of Extremity Fractures.

Sprague, Sheila / Slobogean, Gerard / Wells, Jeffrey L / O'Hara, Nathan N / Thabane, Lehana / Mullins, C Daniel / Harris, Anthony D / Wood, Amber / Viskontas, Darius / Apostle, Kelly L / O'Toole, Robert V / Joshi, Manjari / Johal, Herman / Al-Asiri, Jamal / Hymes, Robert A / Gaski, Greg E / Pilson, Holly T / Carroll, Eben A / Babcock, Sharon /

Halvorson, Jason J / Romeo, Nicholas M / Matson, Christopher A / Higgins, Thomas F / Marchand, Lucas S / Bergin, Patrick F / Morellato, John / Van Demark, Robert E / Potter, G David / Gitajn, I Leah / Chang, Gerard / Phelps, Kevin D / Kempton, Laurence B / Karunakar, Madhav / Jaeblon, Todd / Demyanovich, Haley K / Domes, Christopher M / Kuhn, Gabrielle R / Reilly, Rachel M / Gage, Mark J / Weaver, Michael J / von Keudell, Arvind G / Heng, Marilyn / McTague, Michael F / Alnasser, Ahmad / Mehta, Samir / Donegan, Derek J / Natoli, Roman M / Szatkowski, Jan / Scott, Alesha N / Shannon, Steven F / Jeray, Kyle J / Tanner, Stephanie L / Marmor, Meir T / Matityahu, Amir / Fowler, Justin T / Pierrie, Sarah N / Beltran, Michael J / Thomson, Cameron G / Lin, Carol A / Moon, Charles N / Scolaro, John A / Amirhekmat, Arya / Leonard, Jordan / Pogorzelski, David / Bzovsky, Sofia / Heels-Ansdell, Diane / Szasz, Olivia P / Gallant, Jodi L / Della Rocca, Gregory J / Zura, Robert D / Hebden, Joan N / Patterson, Joseph T / Lee, Christopher / O'Hara, Lyndsay M / Marvel, Debra / Palmer, Jana E / Friedrich, Jeff / D'Alleyrand, Jean-Claude G / Rivera, Jessica C / Mossuto, Franca / Schrank, Gregory M / Guyatt, Gordon / Devereaux, P J / Bhandari, Mohit

The New England journal of medicine

2024 Volume 390, Issue 5, Page(s) 409–420

Abstract: Background: Studies evaluating surgical-site infection have had conflicting results with respect to the use of alcohol solutions containing iodine povacrylex or chlorhexidine gluconate as skin antisepsis before surgery to repair a fractured limb (i.e., ... ...

Abstract	Background: Studies evaluating surgical-site infection have had conflicting results with respect to the use of alcohol solutions containing iodine povacrylex or chlorhexidine gluconate as skin antisepsis before surgery to repair a fractured limb (i.e., an extremity fracture). Methods: In a cluster-randomized, crossover trial at 25 hospitals in the United States and Canada, we randomly assigned hospitals to use a solution of 0.7% iodine povacrylex in 74% isopropyl alcohol (iodine group) or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol (chlorhexidine group) as preoperative antisepsis for surgical procedures to repair extremity fractures. Every 2 months, the hospitals alternated interventions. Separate populations of patients with either open or closed fractures were enrolled and included in the analysis. The primary outcome was surgical-site infection, which included superficial incisional infection within 30 days or deep incisional or organ-space infection within 90 days. The secondary outcome was unplanned reoperation for fracture-healing complications. Results: A total of 6785 patients with a closed fracture and 1700 patients with an open fracture were included in the trial. In the closed-fracture population, surgical-site infection occurred in 77 patients (2.4%) in the iodine group and in 108 patients (3.3%) in the chlorhexidine group (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 1.00; P = 0.049). In the open-fracture population, surgical-site infection occurred in 54 patients (6.5%) in the iodine group and in 60 patients (7.3%) in the chlorhexidine group (odd ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.27; P = 0.45). The frequencies of unplanned reoperation, 1-year outcomes, and serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: Among patients with closed extremity fractures, skin antisepsis with iodine povacrylex in alcohol resulted in fewer surgical-site infections than antisepsis with chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol. In patients with open fractures, the results were similar in the two groups. (Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; PREPARE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03523962.).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; 2-Propanol/administration & dosage ; 2-Propanol/adverse effects ; 2-Propanol/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/adverse effects ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Antisepsis/methods ; Canada ; Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage ; Chlorhexidine/adverse effects ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Ethanol ; Extremities/injuries ; Extremities/microbiology ; Extremities/surgery ; Iodine/administration & dosage ; Iodine/adverse effects ; Iodine/therapeutic use ; Preoperative Care/adverse effects ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Skin/microbiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/etiology ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; Cross-Over Studies ; United States
Chemical Substances	2-Propanol (ND2M416302) ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L) ; chlorhexidine gluconate (MOR84MUD8E) ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Iodine (9679TC07X4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMoa2307679
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Article: Sample size and the detection of correlation--a signal detection account: comment on Kareev (2000) and Juslin and Olsson (2005).

Anderson, Richard B / Doherty, Michael E / Berg, Neil D / Friedrich, Jeff C

Psychological review

2005 Volume 112, Issue 1, Page(s) 268–79; discussion 280–5

Abstract: Simulations examined the hypothesis that small samples can provide better grounds for inferring the existence of a population correlation, p, than can large samples. Samples of 5, 7, 10, 15, or 30 data pairs were drawn either from a population with p=0 ... ...

Abstract	Simulations examined the hypothesis that small samples can provide better grounds for inferring the existence of a population correlation, p, than can large samples. Samples of 5, 7, 10, 15, or 30 data pairs were drawn either from a population with p=0 or from one with p>0. When decision accuracy was assessed independently for each level of the decision criterion, there was a criterion-specific small-sample advantage. For liberal criteria, accuracy was greater for large than for small samples, but for conservative criteria, the opposite result occurred. There was no small-sample advantage when accuracy was measured as the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve or as the posterior probability of a hit. The results show that small-sample advantages can occur, but under limited conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Models, Psychological ; Psychology/methods ; Psychology/statistics & numerical data ; ROC Curve ; Sample Size ; Signal Detection, Psychological
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209907-x
ISSN	1939-1471 ; 0033-295X
ISSN (online)	1939-1471
ISSN	0033-295X
DOI	10.1037/0033-295X.112.1.268
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of Iodophor vs Chlorhexidine Solutions for Surgical Site Infections and Unplanned Reoperations for Patients Who Underwent Fracture Repair: The PREP-IT Master Protocol.

Slobogean, Gerard P / Sprague, Sheila / Wells, Jeffrey / Bhandari, Mohit / Rojas, Alejandra / Garibaldi, Alisha / Wood, Amber / Howe, Andrea / Harris, Anthony D / Petrisor, Bradley A / Mullins, Daniel C / Pogorzelski, David / Marvel, Debra / Heels-Ansdell, Diane / Mossuto, Franca / Grissom, Frances / Del Fabbro, Gina / Guyatt, Gordon H / Della Rocca, Gregory J /

Demyanovich, Haley K / Gitajn, I Leah / Palmer, Jana / D'Alleyrand, Jean-Claude / Friedrich, Jeff / Rivera, Jessica / Hebden, Joan / Rudnicki, Joshua / Fowler, Justin / Jeray, Kyle J / Thabane, Lehana / Marchand, Lucas / O'Hara, Lyndsay M / Joshi, Manjari G / Talbot, Max / Camara, Megan / Szasz, Olivia Paige / O'Hara, Nathan N / McKay, Paula / Devereaux, P J / O'Toole, Robert V / Zura, Robert / Morshed, Saam / Dodds, Shannon / Li, Silvia / Tanner, Stephanie L / Scott, Taryn / Nguyen, Uyen

JAMA network open

2020 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) e202215

Abstract: Importance: The risk of developing a surgical site infection after extremity fracture repair is nearly 5 times greater than in most elective orthopedic surgical procedures. For all surgical procedures, it is standard practice to prepare the operative ... ...

Abstract	Importance: The risk of developing a surgical site infection after extremity fracture repair is nearly 5 times greater than in most elective orthopedic surgical procedures. For all surgical procedures, it is standard practice to prepare the operative site with an antiseptic solution; however, there is limited evidence to guide the choice of solution used for orthopedic fracture repair. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of iodophor vs chlorhexidine solutions to reduce surgical site infections and unplanned fracture-related reoperations for patients who underwent fracture repair. Design, setting, and participants: The PREP-IT (Program of Randomized Trials to Evaluate Pre-operative Antiseptic Skin Solutions in Orthopaedic Trauma) master protocol will be followed to conduct 2 multicenter pragmatic cluster randomized crossover trials, Aqueous-PREP (Pragmatic Randomized Trial Evaluating Pre-Operative Aqueous Antiseptic Skin Solution in Open Fractures) and PREPARE (Pragmatic Randomized Trial Evaluating Pre-Operative Alcohol Skin Solutions in Fractured Extremities). The Aqueous-PREP trial will compare 4% aqueous chlorhexidine vs 10% povidone-iodine for patients with open extremity fractures. The PREPARE trial will compare 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropyl alcohol vs 0.7% iodine povacrylex in 74% isopropyl alcohol for patients with open extremity fractures and patients with closed lower extremity or pelvic fractures. Both trials will share key aspects of study design and trial infrastructure. The studies will follow a pragmatic cluster randomized crossover design with alternating treatment periods of approximately 2 months. The primary outcome will be surgical site infection and the secondary outcome will be unplanned fracture-related reoperations within 12 months. The Aqueous-PREP trial will enroll a minimum of 1540 patients with open extremity fractures from at least 12 hospitals; PREPARE will enroll a minimum of 1540 patients with open extremity fractures and 6280 patients with closed lower extremity and pelvic fractures from at least 18 hospitals. The primary analyses will adhere to the intention-to-treat principle and account for potential between-cluster and between-period variability. The patient-centered design, implementation, and dissemination of results are guided by a multidisciplinary team that includes 3 patients and other relevant stakeholders. Discussion: The PREP-IT master protocol increases efficiency through shared trial infrastructure and study design components. Because prophylactic skin antisepsis is used prior to all surgical procedures and the application, cost, and availability of all study solutions are similar, the results of the PREP-IT trials are poised to inform clinical guidelines and bring about an immediate change in clinical practice. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03385304 and NCT03523962.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Humans ; Iodophors/therapeutic use ; Orthopedic Procedures/adverse effects ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Iodophors ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2574-3805
ISSN (online)	2574-3805
DOI	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2215
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Article: Pupil disorder. Eye series--19.

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Article: Test your knowledge. Chronic red eye.

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Article: Diabetes case study. Eye series 6.

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Article: Sample size and correlational inference.

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Article ; Online: Skin Antisepsis before Surgical Fixation of Extremity Fractures.

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Article: Sample size and the detection of correlation--a signal detection account: comment on Kareev (2000) and Juslin and Olsson (2005).

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of Iodophor vs Chlorhexidine Solutions for Surgical Site Infections and Unplanned Reoperations for Patients Who Underwent Fracture Repair: The PREP-IT Master Protocol.

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