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  1. Article ; Online: The origin of blinking in both mudskippers and tetrapods is linked to life on land.

    Aiello, Brett R / Bhamla, M Saad / Gau, Jeff / Morris, John G L / Bomar, Kenji / da Cunha, Shashwati / Fu, Harrison / Laws, Julia / Minoguchi, Hajime / Sripathi, Manognya / Washington, Kendra / Wong, Gabriella / Shubin, Neil H / Sponberg, Simon / Stewart, Thomas A

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 18, Page(s) e2220404120

    Abstract: Blinking, the transient occlusion of the eye by one or more membranes, serves several functions including wetting, protecting, and cleaning the eye. This behavior is seen in nearly all living tetrapods and absent in other extant sarcopterygian lineages ... ...

    Abstract Blinking, the transient occlusion of the eye by one or more membranes, serves several functions including wetting, protecting, and cleaning the eye. This behavior is seen in nearly all living tetrapods and absent in other extant sarcopterygian lineages suggesting that it might have arisen during the water-to-land transition. Unfortunately, our understanding of the origin of blinking has been limited by a lack of known anatomical correlates of the behavior in the fossil record and a paucity of comparative functional studies. To understand how and why blinking originates, we leverage mudskippers (Oxudercinae), a clade of amphibious fishes that have convergently evolved blinking. Using microcomputed tomography and histology, we analyzed two mudskipper species,
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blinking ; X-Ray Microtomography ; Fishes/anatomy & histology ; Perciformes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2220404120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Lipid Membrane-Based Antigen Presentation to B Cells Using a Fully Synthetic Ex Vivo Germinal Center Model.

    Kramer, Liana / Song, Hannah W / Mitchell, Kaiya / Kartik, Mythili / Jain, Ritika / Escarra, Victoria Lozano / Quiros, Enrique / Fu, Harrison / Singh, Ankur / Roy, Krishnendu

    Advanced nanobiomed research

    2022  Volume 2, Issue 7

    Abstract: High-affinity antigen-specific B cells are generated within specialized structures, germinal centers (GCs), inside lymphoid organs. In GCs, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) present antigens on their membrane surface to cognate B cells, inducing rapid ... ...

    Abstract High-affinity antigen-specific B cells are generated within specialized structures, germinal centers (GCs), inside lymphoid organs. In GCs, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) present antigens on their membrane surface to cognate B cells, inducing rapid proliferation and differentiation of the B cells toward antibody-secreting cells. The FDC's fluid membrane surface allows B cells to "pull" the antigens into clusters and internalize them, a process that frequently involves tearing off and internalizing FDC membrane fragments. To study this process ex vivo, liposomal membranes are used as the antigen-presenting FDC-like fluid lipid surface to activate B cells. In a fully synthetic in vitro GC model (sGC), which uses the microbead-based presentation of the CD40 Ligand and a cytokine cocktail to mimic T follicular helper cell signals to B cells, liposomes presenting a model antigen mimic effectively engage B cell receptors (BCRs) and induce greater BCR clustering compared to soluble antigens, resulting in rapid antigen internalization and proliferation of the B cells. B cells showed GC-like reactions and undergo efficient IgG1 class-switching. Taken together, the results suggest that fluid membrane-bound antigen induces a strong GC response and provides a novel synthetic in vitro system for studying GC biology in health and diseases, and for expanding therapeutic B cells ex vivo.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3009938-9
    ISSN 2699-9307 ; 2699-9307
    ISSN (online) 2699-9307
    ISSN 2699-9307
    DOI 10.1002/anbr.202100137
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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