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Article ; Online: A Progressively Expanded Database for Automated Lung Sound Analysis

Fu-Shun Hsu / Shang-Ran Huang / Chien-Wen Huang / Yuan-Ren Cheng / Chun-Chieh Chen / Jack Hsiao / Chung-Wei Chen / Feipei Lai

Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 7623, p

An Update

2022 Volume 7623

Abstract: We previously established an open-access lung sound database, HF_Lung_V1, and developed deep learning models for inhalation, exhalation, continuous adventitious sound (CAS), and discontinuous adventitious sound (DAS) detection. The amount of data used ... ...

Abstract	We previously established an open-access lung sound database, HF_Lung_V1, and developed deep learning models for inhalation, exhalation, continuous adventitious sound (CAS), and discontinuous adventitious sound (DAS) detection. The amount of data used for training contributes to model accuracy. In this study, we collected larger quantities of data to further improve model performance and explored issues of noisy labels and overlapping sounds. HF_Lung_V1 was expanded to HF_Lung_V2 with a 1.43× increase in the number of audio files. Convolutional neural network–bidirectional gated recurrent unit network models were trained separately using the HF_Lung_V1 (V1_Train) and HF_Lung_V2 (V2_Train) training sets. These were tested using the HF_Lung_V1 (V1_Test) and HF_Lung_V2 (V2_Test) test sets, respectively. Segment and event detection performance was evaluated. Label quality was assessed. Overlap ratios were computed between inhalation, exhalation, CAS, and DAS labels. The model trained using V2_Train exhibited improved performance in inhalation, exhalation, CAS, and DAS detection on both V1_Test and V2_Test. Poor CAS detection was attributed to the quality of CAS labels. DAS detection was strongly influenced by the overlapping of DAS with inhalation and exhalation. In conclusion, collecting greater quantities of lung sound data is vital for developing more accurate lung sound analysis models.
Keywords	auscultation ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; gated recurrent unit ; lung sound ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	780
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Nasogastric tube decompression is unnecessary in patients undergoing laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for localized upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Fu-Shun Hsu / Wei-Yi Huang / Yu-Fen Chen / Ling-Ying Wu / Suo-Meng Wang / Kuo-How Huang

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Vol 119, Iss 9, Pp 1353-

2020 Volume 1359

Abstract: Background/purpose: This study investigates the safety and feasibility to perform laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) without routine nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression. Methods: The hospital-based samples ... ...

Abstract	Background/purpose: This study investigates the safety and feasibility to perform laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) without routine nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression. Methods: The hospital-based samples comprised of 100 consecutive UTUC patients receiving elective LNU performed by two experienced surgeons. The nationwide data was based on LHID2005 composed of one million beneficiaries randomly selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with the diagnoses of UTUCs receiving LNUs. We then compared baseline characteristics, peri-operative data, convalescence parameters and complications between two groups stratified by use of NGT tube. Results: The hospital-based samples composed of 50 subjects with NGT and 50 without. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between two groups. Peri-operative and convalescence parameters were similar when comparing no NGT versus NGT: blood loss of 206 vs. 165 mL; operative time of 180.5 vs.181.1 min; days to intake was 2.1 vs.1.7 days; and hospital stay of 7.8 vs. 7.5 days (all p > 0.05). The nationwide study samples comprised 140 subjects, of which 72 were with NGT and 68 were with no NGT. The baseline data, complications and length of hospital stay were similar between two groups. Conclusion: Surgery-naïve patients with localized UTUC received LNU without peri-operative NGT is safe and feasible.
Keywords	Upper tract urothelial carcinoma ; Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy ; Nasogastric tube ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: PR-619, a General Inhibitor of Deubiquitylating Enzymes, Diminishes Cisplatin Resistance in Urothelial Carcinoma Cells through the Suppression of c-Myc

Fu-Shun Hsu / Wei-Chou Lin / Kuan-Lin Kuo / Yen-Ling Chiu / Chen-Hsun Hsu / Shih-Ming Liao / Jun-Ren Dong / Shing-Hwa Liu / Shih-Chen Chang / Shao-Ping Yang / Yueh-Tang Chen / Ruei-Je Chang / Kuo-How Huang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11706, p

An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2021 Volume 11706

Abstract: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients experience chemoresistance, the primary cause of treatment failure, which leads to disease relapse. The underlying mechanism of chemoresistance ... ...

Abstract	Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients experience chemoresistance, the primary cause of treatment failure, which leads to disease relapse. The underlying mechanism of chemoresistance involves reduced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of the deubiquitylating enzyme inhibitor PR-619 in cisplatin-resistant bladder UC. Deubiquitinase (ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) and USP21) immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that deubiquitination is related to chemoresistance in patients with metastatic UC and may be a target for overcoming chemoresistance. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry and a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay, and PR-619 was found to enhance the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant T24/R cells. Mitigated cisplatin chemoresistance was associated with the concurrent suppression of c-Myc expression in T24/R cells. Moreover, the expression of c-Myc was upregulated in human bladder UC specimens from patients with chemoresistance. Experiments in a xenograft nude mouse model confirmed that PR-619 enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin. These results are promising for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent UC chemoresistance through the combined use of chemotherapeutic agents/deubiquitination inhibitors (PR-619) by targeting the c-Myc pathway.
Keywords	deubiquitylating enzymes ; urothelial carcinoma ; chemoresistance ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of Multipulse Laser Vaporesection versus Plasmakinetic Resection for Treatment of Benign Prostate Obstruction

Fu-Shun Hsu / Chen-Wei Chou / Hong-Chiang Chang / Yuan-Po Tu / Shing-Jia Sha / Huang-Hsin Chung / Kuo-How Huang

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Multipulse laser vaporesection of the prostate (MPVP) versus plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) for treatment of patients with benign prostate obstruction (BPO) in a prospective trial. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Multipulse laser vaporesection of the prostate (MPVP) versus plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) for treatment of patients with benign prostate obstruction (BPO) in a prospective trial. From January 2016 to April 2017, a total of 144 patients were included in the cohort study, of whom 73 patients underwent MPVP and 71 underwent PKRP. All patients received pre-operative evaluation and followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Baseline characteristics, perioperative data and postoperative outcomes were compared. Early (within 30 days postoperatively) and late complications were also recorded. Preoperative data, including age, prostate volume, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaires (IIEF-5), the rate of anticoagulants use, Charlson comorbidity index were similar in two groups. Peri-operative parameters, including the rate of transfusion, and decrease in hemoglobin level were comparable. The operative time, the duration of catheterization and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the MPVP group. The voiding parameters and the quality-of-life scores (QoL) improved significantly in both groups postoperatively. There was a significantly difference in QoL at 1-year in the MPVP group (p < 0.001), under mixed model analysis with random effect and Bonferroni correction. There were no significant differences in improvement of IPSS, Qmax, IIEF-5, residual prostate volume ratio and PSA level reduction at the 1-year follow-up. MPVP was significantly superior to PKRP in terms of a reduction in overall complication rate (21.9% vs 45.0%, p = 0.004). Both treatments led to comparable symptomatic improvements. MPVP demonstrates satisfactory efficiency, shorter catheterization time and shorter hospital stay. Our data revealed that MPVP may be a promising technique which is safe and favorable alternative for patients with BPO.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Author Correction

Fu-Shun Hsu / Chen-Wei Chou / Hong-Chiang Chang / Yuan-Po Tu / Shing-Jia Sha / Huang-Hsin Chung / Kuo-How Huang

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Comparison of Multipulse Laser Vaporesection versus Plasmakinetic Resection for Treatment of Benign Prostate Obstruction

2019 Volume 1

Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

Abstract	An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Benchmarking of eight recurrent neural network variants for breath phase and adventitious sound detection on a self-developed open-access lung sound database-HF_Lung_V1.

Fu-Shun Hsu / Shang-Ran Huang / Chien-Wen Huang / Chao-Jung Huang / Yuan-Ren Cheng / Chun-Chieh Chen / Jack Hsiao / Chung-Wei Chen / Li-Chin Chen / Yen-Chun Lai / Bi-Fang Hsu / Nian-Jhen Lin / Wan-Ling Tsai / Yi-Lin Wu / Tzu-Ling Tseng / Ching-Ting Tseng / Yi-Tsun Chen / Feipei Lai

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e

2021 Volume 0254134

Abstract: A reliable, remote, and continuous real-time respiratory sound monitor with automated respiratory sound analysis ability is urgently required in many clinical scenarios-such as in monitoring disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019-to replace ... ...

Abstract	A reliable, remote, and continuous real-time respiratory sound monitor with automated respiratory sound analysis ability is urgently required in many clinical scenarios-such as in monitoring disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019-to replace conventional auscultation with a handheld stethoscope. However, a robust computerized respiratory sound analysis algorithm for breath phase detection and adventitious sound detection at the recording level has not yet been validated in practical applications. In this study, we developed a lung sound database (HF_Lung_V1) comprising 9,765 audio files of lung sounds (duration of 15 s each), 34,095 inhalation labels, 18,349 exhalation labels, 13,883 continuous adventitious sound (CAS) labels (comprising 8,457 wheeze labels, 686 stridor labels, and 4,740 rhonchus labels), and 15,606 discontinuous adventitious sound labels (all crackles). We conducted benchmark tests using long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), bidirectional GRU (BiGRU), convolutional neural network (CNN)-LSTM, CNN-GRU, CNN-BiLSTM, and CNN-BiGRU models for breath phase detection and adventitious sound detection. We also conducted a performance comparison between the LSTM-based and GRU-based models, between unidirectional and bidirectional models, and between models with and without a CNN. The results revealed that these models exhibited adequate performance in lung sound analysis. The GRU-based models outperformed, in terms of F1 scores and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, the LSTM-based models in most of the defined tasks. Furthermore, all bidirectional models outperformed their unidirectional counterparts. Finally, the addition of a CNN improved the accuracy of lung sound analysis, especially in the CAS detection tasks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	780
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Suppression of Angiogenesis by Targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Renal Cell Carcinoma

Chung-Sheng Shi / Kuan-Lin Kuo / Mei-Sin Chen / Po-Ming Chow / Shing-Hwa Liu / Yu-Wei Chang / Wei-Chou Lin / Shih-Ming Liao / Chen-Hsun Hsu / Fu-Shun Hsu / Hong-Chiang Chang / Kuo-How Huang

Cells, Vol 8, Iss 11, p

An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2019 Volume 1469

Abstract: Cancer cells rely on aberrant transcription for growth and survival. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play critical roles in regulating gene transcription by modulating the activity of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). THZ1, a selective covalent inhibitor of ... ...

Abstract	Cancer cells rely on aberrant transcription for growth and survival. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play critical roles in regulating gene transcription by modulating the activity of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). THZ1, a selective covalent inhibitor of CDK7, has antitumor effects in several human cancers. In this study, we investigated the role and therapeutic potential of CDK7 in regulating the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells and human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our results revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a critical activator of angiogenesis, upregulated the expression of CDK7 and RNAPII, and the phosphorylation of RNAPII at serine 5 and 7 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), indicating the transcriptional activity of CDK7 may be involved in VEGF-activated angiogenic activity of endothelium. Furthermore, through suppressing CDK7 activity, THZ1 suppressed VEGF-activated proliferation and migration, as well as enhanced apoptosis of HUVECs. Moreover, THZ1 inhibited VEGF-activated capillary tube formation and CDK7 knockdown consistently diminished tube formation in HUVECs. Additionally, THZ1 reduced VEGF expression in human RCC cells (786-O and Caki-2), and THZ1 treatment inhibited tumor growth, vascularity, and angiogenic marker (CD31) expression in RCC xenografts. Our results demonstrated that CDK7-mediated transcription was involved in the angiogenic activity of endothelium and human RCC. THZ1 suppressed VEGF-mediated VEGFR2 downstream activation of angiogenesis, providing a new perspective for antitumor therapy in RCC patients.
Keywords	thz1 ; cyclin-dependent kinase 7 ; angiogenesis ; endothelial cell ; renal cell carcinoma ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Trichostatin A, Synergistically Enhances Paclitaxel-Induced Cytotoxicity in Urothelial Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing the ERK Pathway

Fu-Shun Hsu / June-Tai Wu / Jing-Yi Lin / Shao-Ping Yang / Kuan-Lin Kuo / Wei-Chou Lin / Chung-Sheng Shi / Po-Ming Chow / Shih-Ming Liao / Chun-I Pan / Jo-Yu Hong / Hong-Chiang Chang / Kuo-How Huang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 5, p

2019 Volume 1162

Abstract: Trichostatin A (TSA), an antifungal antibiotic derived from Streptomyces, inhibits mammalian histone deacetylases, and especially, selectively inhibits class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) families of enzymes. TSA reportedly elicits an ... ...

Abstract	Trichostatin A (TSA), an antifungal antibiotic derived from Streptomyces, inhibits mammalian histone deacetylases, and especially, selectively inhibits class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) families of enzymes. TSA reportedly elicits an antiproliferative response in multifarious tumors. This study investigated the antitumor effects of TSA alone and in combination with paclitaxel when applied to two high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines (BFTC-905 and BFTC-909). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, flow cytometry, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay were used to assess TSA’s cytotoxicity and effects on apoptosis induction. TSA induced synergistic cytotoxicity, when combined with paclitaxel (combination index < 1), resulted in concomitant suppression of paclitaxel-induced activation of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. A xenograft nude mouse model confirmed that TSA enhances the antitumor effects of paclitaxel. These findings demonstrate that the administration of TSA in combination with paclitaxel elicits a synergistic cytotoxic response. The results of this study indicate that the chemoresistance of UC could be circumvented by combining HDAC inhibitors to target the ERK pathway.
Keywords	urothelial carcinoma ; trichostatin A ; histone deacetylase inhibitor ; chemotherapy ; paclitaxel ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trifluoperazine, an Antipsychotic Drug, Effectively Reduces Drug Resistance in Cisplatin-Resistant Urothelial Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing Bcl-xL

Kuan-Lin Kuo / Shing-Hwa Liu / Wei-Chou Lin / Fu-Shun Hsu / Po-Ming Chow / Yu-Wei Chang / Shao-Ping Yang / Chung-Sheng Shi / Chen-Hsun Hsu / Shih-Ming Liao / Hong-Chiang Chang / Kuo-How Huang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 13, p

An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

2019 Volume 3218

Abstract: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients inevitably encounter drug resistance and resultant disease relapse. Reduced apoptosis plays a critical role in chemoresistance. ... ...

Abstract	Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients inevitably encounter drug resistance and resultant disease relapse. Reduced apoptosis plays a critical role in chemoresistance. Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antipsychotic agent, has demonstrated antitumor effects on various cancers. This study investigated the efficacy of TFP in inhibiting cisplatin-resistant bladder UC and explored the underlying mechanism. Our results revealed that cisplatin-resistant UC cells (T24/R) upregulated the antiapoptotic factor, B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL). Knockdown of Bcl-xL by siRNA resensitized cisplatin-resistant cells to the cisplatin cytotoxic effect. TFP (10−45 μM) alone elicited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and G0/G1 arrest on T24/R cells. Co-treatment of TFP potentiated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in T24/R cells. The phenomenon that TFP alleviated cisplatin resistance to T24/R was accompanied with concurrent suppression of Bcl-xL. In vivo models confirmed that TFP alone effectively suppressed the T24/R xenograft in nude mice. TFP co-treatment enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin on the T24/R xenograft. Our results demonstrated that TFP effectively inhibited cisplatin-resistant UCs and circumvented cisplatin resistance with concurrent Bcl-xL downregulation. These findings provide a promising insight to develop a therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant UCs.
Keywords	urothelial carcinoma ; trifluoperazine ; chemotherapy resistance ; Bcl-xL ; apoptosis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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