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Article ; Online: Relationship between physical activity and coping with stress in people with multiple sclerosis: A moderated mediation model with self-efficacy and disability level as variables.

Wilski, Maciej / Brola, Waldemar / Koper, Magdalena / Gabryelski, Jarosław / Łuniewska, Magdalena / Fudala, Małgorzata / Tomczak, Maciej

International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 100415

Abstract: Purpose: An increasing number of studies support the beneficial relationship between physical activity and stress coping in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there has been limited understanding of the variables that may influence the nature ...

Abstract	Purpose: An increasing number of studies support the beneficial relationship between physical activity and stress coping in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there has been limited understanding of the variables that may influence the nature of this relationship. Therefore, based on the social-cognitive framework and previous research, we aimed to examine the association between the habitual physical activity of people with MS and their coping effectiveness. Furthermore, we sought to determine the extent to which self-efficacy acts as a mediator in this relationship, considering the level of disability as a moderator variable. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 351 people with MS participated. The participants were asked to complete several assessment tools, including the Mini-COPE Inventory for Measurement-Coping with Stress, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Additionally, a neurologist assessed the severity of the disease using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Information on the demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants was collected via a self-report survey. Two moderated mediation analyses were conducted as part of the study. Results: The study findings indicated a positive correlation between engagement in physical activity and self-efficacy among participants with high and medium disability levels. This, in turn, demonstrated a positive association with effective stress-coping strategies and a negative association with ineffective coping methods. In particular, a significant relationship was observed between involvement in physical activity and self-efficacy in participants with high disability, while it was not statistically significant in participants with low disability. Conclusion: Physical activity was associated with improved psychosocial functioning in people with high levels of disability caused by MS. This association may be attributed to factors such as increased self-efficacy and improved stress coping. However, the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial functioning was less evident in people with low disability caused by MS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-07
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2208162-8
ISSN	2174-0852 ; 1697-2600
ISSN (online)	2174-0852
ISSN	1697-2600
DOI	10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100415
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Article ; Online: Systemic thrombolysis in ischaemic stroke patients with COVID-19.

Sobolewski, Piotr / Antecki, Jacek / Brola, Waldemar / Fudala, Małgorzata / Bieniaszewski, Leszek / Kozera, Grzegorz

Acta neurologica Scandinavica

2021 Volume 145, Issue 1, Page(s) 47–52

Abstract: Objective: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the core medical therapy of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). COVID-19 infection negatively modifies acute stroke procedures and, due to its pro-coagulative effect, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the core medical therapy of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). COVID-19 infection negatively modifies acute stroke procedures and, due to its pro-coagulative effect, may potentially impact on IVT outcome. Thus, short-term efficacy and safety of IVT were compared in patients with and without evidence of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: An observational, retrospective study included 70 patients with AIS, including 22 subjects (31%) with evidence of acute COVID-19 infection, consecutively treated with IVT in 4 stroke centres between 15 September and 30 November 2020. Results: Patients infected with COVID-19 were characterized by higher median of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (11.0 vs. 6.5; p < .01) and D-dimers (870 vs. 570; p = .03) on admission, higher presence of pneumonia (47.8% vs. 12%; p < .01) and lower percentage of 'minor stroke symptoms' (NIHSS 1-5 pts.) (2% vs., 18%; p < .01). Hospitalizations were longer in patients with COVID-19 than in those without it (17 vs. 9 days, p < .01), but impact of COVID-19 infection on patients' in-hospital mortality or functional status on dismission has been confirmed neither in uni- or multivariate analysis. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection prolongs length of stay in hospital after IVT, but does not influence in-hospital outcome.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Ischemia/complications ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy ; COVID-19 ; Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ischemic Stroke ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stroke/complications ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Fibrinolytic Agents ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator (EC 3.4.21.68)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-20
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	90-5
ISSN	1600-0404 ; 0001-6314
ISSN (online)	1600-0404
ISSN	0001-6314
DOI	10.1111/ane.13520
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Article: Increasing prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in Poland.

Brola, Waldemar / Sobolewski, Piotr / Flaga, Stanisław / Fudala, Małgorzata / Jantarski, Konrad

Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska

2017 Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 82–85

Abstract: Epidemiologic data on multiple sclerosis (MS) in Poland are limited. Our objectives were to assess a mean annual incidence rate, and MS prevalence on December 31, 2015 in the Swietokrzyskie province (central Poland). We analyzed data of 1525 patients, ... ...

Abstract	Epidemiologic data on multiple sclerosis (MS) in Poland are limited. Our objectives were to assess a mean annual incidence rate, and MS prevalence on December 31, 2015 in the Swietokrzyskie province (central Poland). We analyzed data of 1525 patients, collected in the Polish Multiple Sclerosis Registry. On December 31, 2015, overall crude prevalence of MS was not less than 121.3/100,000 (95% CI, 114.6-128.4). Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in females (167.1; 95% CI, 155.6-179.1) than in males (73.2; 95% CI, 64.2-82.6; P<0.001). The age-adjusted prevalence standardized to the European standard population was 114.2/100,000 (95% CI, 106.2-121.5). The female-male ratio was 2.4:1. The mean annual incidence was 4.5/100,000 (95% CI, 3.8-5.2). Increased MS prevalence and incidence compared to 2010 and previous studies from Poland confirmed that central Poland is a high risk area for MS.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Poland/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	415519-1
ISSN	1897-4260 ; 0028-3843
ISSN (online)	1897-4260
ISSN	0028-3843
DOI	10.1016/j.pjnns.2016.11.005
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Article ; Online: Intravenous Thrombolysis with Recombinant Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Sobolewski, Piotr / Brola, Waldemar / Szczuchniak, Wiktor / Fudala, Małgorzata / Kozera, Grzegorz

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

2015 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 1787–1792

Abstract: Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS); however, its impact on outcome after intravenous thrombolysis (iv-thrombolysis) remains unclear. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the relationship between MetS ... ...

Abstract	Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS); however, its impact on outcome after intravenous thrombolysis (iv-thrombolysis) remains unclear. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the relationship between MetS and functional long-term outcome, mortality, and the presence of hemorrhagic complications in patients with IS treated with iv-thrombolysis. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the demographic and clinical data of 535 Caucasian patients with acute IS who were consecutively treated with iv-thrombolysis from September 2006 to June 2013 in 2 experienced stroke centers in Poland. A favorable functional long-term outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score less than or equal to 2 points on day 90, and hemorrhagic complications were assessed with European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study criteria. Results: MetS was recognized in 192 (35.9%) patients (44.8% men; mean age, 70.8 ± 11.1 years), diabetes in 29.7%, dyslipidemia in 79.2%, and arterial hypertension in 75.5%. At 3 months, favorable outcome was found in 55.3% of patients, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) in 18.3%, and 4.4 % of patients died. There was no difference regarding the presence of favorable outcome between patients with and without MetS (52.6% versus 56.9%, P = .34). The presence of SICH and 3-month mortality were more frequent in patients with MetS than without MetS (6.8% versus 2.9%, P = .03 and 23.4% versus 15.5%, P = .02, respectively); however, a multivariate analysis showed no impact of MetS on mortality or SICH. Conclusions: Results of our study provide no data to suggest that the effect of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator differs based on the presence or absence of MetS.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Ischemia/complications ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/complications ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy/methods ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Fibrinolytic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1131675-5
ISSN	1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
ISSN (online)	1532-8511
ISSN	1052-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.04.001
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Article ; Online: Food-borne botulism: still actual topic.

Brola, Waldemar / Fudala, Malgorzata / Gacek, Szymon / Gruenpeter, Pawel

BMJ case reports

2013 Volume 2013

Abstract: Even though since the mid-1990s the number of food-borne botulism cases has systematically decreased and it now occurs in Poland relatively rarely, it is still a real epidemiological problem. There are about 30 cases of botulism in Poland a year, which ... ...

Abstract	Even though since the mid-1990s the number of food-borne botulism cases has systematically decreased and it now occurs in Poland relatively rarely, it is still a real epidemiological problem. There are about 30 cases of botulism in Poland a year, which ranks Poland the first among the European Union. In most cases the symptomatology of botulism is typical, however it does not always fully coincide with the one described in medical manuals which emphasise the dramatic clinical course of botulism with its frequent fatal consequences. Diagnosis of botulism may be difficult because of its rare prevalence and a variable clinical course, especially in old patients. Authors of this paper describe two cases of botulism and diagnostic problems associated with it.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Botulism/diagnosis ; Female ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2012-007799
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Article: Diagnostyka róznicowa stwardnienia rozsianego i chorób reumatycznych o podlozu autoimmunologicznym.

Brola, Waldemar / Fudala, Małgorzata / Kasprzyk, Marta / Opara, Józef

Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)

2013 Volume 66, Issue 2 Pt 2, Page(s) 164–170

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, probably of autoimmune etiology. Characteristic qualities include multifocal demyelination, which result in varied clinical pictures of the disease. ...

Title translation	Differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Abstract	Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, probably of autoimmune etiology. Characteristic qualities include multifocal demyelination, which result in varied clinical pictures of the disease. MS must be differentiated from chronic or recurring diseases, as well as from those with multifocal neurological manifestations and multifocal lesions revealed in a MR scan. Particular signs may precede the development of the full-blown MS, but they may be initial manifestations of autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome, Behçet's disease or Sjögren's syndrome as well. Diagnosis is easier in the later stages due to appearance of characteristic manifestations, absent in the course of MS. Nevertheless, the mildly symptomatic nature of those diseases may lead to misdiagnosis, putting the patient at risk of an expensive and inefficient treatment, which may only exacerbate the symptoms. In many cases a long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis ; Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis ; Rheumatic Diseases/diagnosis ; Risk Factors ; Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis
Language	Polish
Publishing date	2013
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	414731-5
ISSN	0043-5147 ; 1895-0485 ; 0860-8865
ISSN	0043-5147 ; 1895-0485 ; 0860-8865
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Article: Self-reported quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: preliminary results based on the Polish MS Registry.

Brola, Waldemar / Sobolewski, Piotr / Fudala, Małgorzata / Flaga, Stanisław / Jantarski, Konrad / Ryglewicz, Danuta / Potemkowski, Andrzej

Patient preference and adherence

2016 Volume 10, Page(s) 1647–1656

Abstract: Background: The aim of the study was to analyze selected clinical and sociodemographic factors and their effects on the quality of life (QoL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients registered in the Polish MS Registry.: Methods: This was a cross- ... ...

Abstract	Background: The aim of the study was to analyze selected clinical and sociodemographic factors and their effects on the quality of life (QoL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients registered in the Polish MS Registry. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study performed in Poland. Data on personal and disease-specific factors were collected between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, via the web portal of the Polish MS Registry. All patients were assessed by a physician and asked to complete the Polish language versions of the following self-evaluation questionnaires: EuroQol 5-Dimensions, EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine the factors associated with QoL. Results: The study included 2,385 patients (female/male ratio 2.3:1) with clinically confirmed MS (mean age 37.8±9.2 years). Average EuroQol 5-Dimensions index was 0.72±0.24, and the mean EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale score was 64.2±22.8. The average Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale score was 84.6±11.2 (62.2±18.4 for physical condition and 23.8±7.2 for mental condition). Lower QoL scores were significantly associated with higher level of disability (odds ratio [OR], 0.932; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.876-0.984; P=0.001), age >40 years (OR, 1.042; 95% CI, 0.924-1.158; P=0.012), longer disease duration (OR, 0.482; 95% CI, 0.224-0.998; P=0.042), and lack of disease modifying therapies (OR, 0.024; 95% CI, 0.160-0.835; P=0.024). No significant associations were found between QoL, sex, type of MS course, patient's education, and marital status. Conclusion: The Polish MS Registry is the first national registry for long-term observation that allows for self-evaluation of the QoL. QoL of Polish patients with MS is significantly lower compared with the rest of the population. The parameter is mainly affected by the level of disability, duration of the disease, and limited access to immunomodulatory therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-26
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2455848-5
ISSN	1177-889X
ISSN	1177-889X
DOI	10.2147/PPA.S109520
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Poland.

Kapica-Topczewska, Katarzyna / Brola, Waldemar / Fudala, Malgorzata / Tarasiuk, Joanna / Chorazy, Monika / Snarska, Katarzyna / Kochanowicz, Jan / Kulakowska, Alina

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

2018 Volume 21, Page(s) 51–55

Abstract: Objective: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS)was previously unknown in Poland. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS in Poland.: Methods: MS prevalence was determined on the basis of data from the Swietokrzyskie (central ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS)was previously unknown in Poland. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS in Poland. Methods: MS prevalence was determined on the basis of data from the Swietokrzyskie (central Poland) and Podlaskie (northeastern Poland) Voivodeships. The area population on the prevalence study day (December 31, 2013) was 1,268,239 (649,007 women; 619,232 men) in central and 1,195,625 (612,979 women; 582,646 men) in northeastern Poland. Results: The overall crude prevalence rate of confirmed MS patients was 109.1/100,000 (95% confidence interval[CI]103.5-115.0) in the Swietokrzyskie and 108.7/100,000 (95% CI 103.0-114.7) in the Podlaskie Voivodeships. A significantly higher prevalence was recorded in females (149.8/100,000, 95% CI 140.6-159.3 vs. 142.4/100,000, 95% CI 133.3-152.0) than in males (66.5/100,000, 95% CI 60.4-73.1 vs.57.8/100,000, 95% CI 52.0-64.2)(p < 0.001). Age-adjusted rates for the Polish Standard Population were the same in both regions (110.3/100,000 (95% CI 104.6-116.1) vs.110.9/100,000 (95% CI 105.1-117.1)) and for the European Standard Population did not different statistically between both voivodeships (103.9/100,000 (95% CI 98.6-109.5) vs.108.5/100,000 (95% CI 102.7-114.5)). Conclusion: This is the first data that obtained the level of MS prevalence in Poland and confirmed that Poland is a high-risk area for multiple sclerosis.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Poland/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2211-0356
ISSN (online)	2211-0356
DOI	10.1016/j.msard.2018.02.016
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Article: External quality monitoring facilitates improvement in already well-performing stroke units: insights from RES-Q Poland.

Karliński, Michał / Kobayashi, Adam / Niewada, Maciej / Fryze, Waldemar / Tomczak, Agata / Brola, Waldemar / Rejdak, Konrad / Luchowski, Piotr / Adamkiewicz, Bożena / Wiszniewska, Małgorzata / Włodarczyk, Urszula / Kaźmierski, Radosław / Kram, Pawel / Bartosik-Psujek, Halina / Kaczorowski, Rafał / Sobolewski, Piotr / Fudala, Małgorzata / Gałązka, Agata / Rogoziewicz, Marcin /

Rogoziewicz, Anna / Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina / Cybulska, Ewelina / Pożarowszczyk, Natalia / Staszewski, Jacek / Dębiec, Aleksander / Horoch-Łyszczarek, Ewa / Mączkowiak, Alicja / Czlonkowska, Anna

Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska

2023 Volume 58, Issue 1, Page(s) 75–83

Abstract: Introduction: The Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) is used in Poland for quality monitoring by numerous hospitals participating in the Angels Initiative. Our aim was to assess the degree of improvement in highly stroke-oriented centres that ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) is used in Poland for quality monitoring by numerous hospitals participating in the Angels Initiative. Our aim was to assess the degree of improvement in highly stroke-oriented centres that report cases to the RES-Q each year. Material and methods: This retrospective analysis included Polish stroke units that from January 2017 to December 2020 contributed to the RES-Q at least 25 patients annually. Results: Seventeen out of 180 Polish stroke units reported patients each year (2017, n = 1,691; 2018, n = 2,986; 2019, n = 3,750; 2020, n = 3,975). The percentage of ischaemic stroke patients treated with alteplase remained stable (26%, 29%, 30% and 28%, respectively). The door-to-needle time progressively decreased, from a median 49 minutes to 32 minutes. The percentage of patients treated ≤ 60 minutes and ≤ 45 minutes significantly increased (from 68% to 86% and from 43% to 70%, respectively), with no change observed between 2019 and 2020. Despite a general improvement in dysphagia screening (81%, 91%, 98% and 99%), screening performed within the first 24h from admission became less frequent (78%, 76%, 69% and 65%). In-hospital mortality significantly increased (11%, 11%, 13% and 15%), while the proportion of patients discharged home remained stable. Conclusions: Quality-oriented projects facilitate the improvement of stroke care, even in centres demonstrating good baseline performance. Polish stroke units that consistently reported cases to the RES-Q demonstrated improvement in terms of door-to- -needle time and dysphagia screening. However, there is still a need to shorten the time to dysphagia screening, and carefully monitor stroke unit mortality following the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stroke/therapy ; Stroke/diagnosis ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Poland ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Deglutition Disorders ; Pandemics ; Quality of Health Care ; Registries ; Thrombolytic Therapy
Chemical Substances	Fibrinolytic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	415519-1
ISSN	1897-4260 ; 0028-3843
ISSN (online)	1897-4260
ISSN	0028-3843
DOI	10.5603/pjnns.96442
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Article: Polska adaptacja i analiza walidacyjna kwestionariusza funkcji wzrokowych (visual function questionnaire VFQ-25) u chorych ze stwardnieniem rozsianym.

Brola, Waldemar / Opara, Józef / Fudala, Małgorzata / Czernicki, Jan / Szwejkowski, Waldemar

Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)

2010 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 161–170

Abstract: Introduction: Visual disturbances very often accompany of multiple sclerosis (MS) and affect patients' quality of life (QoL). There have been no tools for investigation of the effect of visual disturbances on QoL in MS patients available in Poland. The ... ...

Title translation	Polish adaptation and validation of the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) in multiple sclerosis patients.
Abstract	Introduction: Visual disturbances very often accompany of multiple sclerosis (MS) and affect patients' quality of life (QoL). There have been no tools for investigation of the effect of visual disturbances on QoL in MS patients available in Poland. The aim of this study was validation analysis of Polish adaptation of Visual Function Questionnaire VFQ-25. Material and methods: VFQ-25 published by Mangione in 2001, consists of 25 questions concerning general well-being, assessment of vision, social functioning, mental health, and self-sufficiency. According to the applicable translation principles, the original English version was adapted into Polish, and validation analysis of the convergent validity as well internal reliability was carried out. 108 randomly selected patients, diagnosed with MS according to McDonald's criteria were included in this study: 63 women and 45 men aged on the average 37.8 +/- 9.2 years, with mean disease duration of 11.2 +/- 5.6 years. All patients underwent assessment of disability based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Besides the analyzed VFQ-25 questionnaire, the patients completed also the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) questionnaire and SF-36 Health Survey. Results: The internal consistency of the questionnaire was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha reached 0.95). The accuracy of the scale was confirmed by positive correlations of the results between VFQ-25 and EDSS, FAMS and SF-36. Conclusions: Statistical analysis has demonstrated that the Polish version of VFQ-25 is a valuable tool for investigation of the effect of visual disturbances on QoL in MS patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Comorbidity ; Disability Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Vision Disorders/diagnosis ; Vision Disorders/epidemiology
Language	Polish
Publishing date	2010
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Validation Studies
ZDB-ID	414731-5
ISSN	0043-5147 ; 1895-0485 ; 0860-8865
ISSN	0043-5147 ; 1895-0485 ; 0860-8865
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