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  1. Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor:

    Fuller, Deborah H / O'Connor, Megan A

    AIDS research and human retroviruses

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 347–349

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Coccidioidomycosis/prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Primates ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 639130-8
    ISSN 1931-8405 ; 0889-2229
    ISSN (online) 1931-8405
    ISSN 0889-2229
    DOI 10.1089/AID.2021.0236
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Amplifying RNA Vaccine Development.

    Fuller, Deborah H / Berglund, Peter

    The New England journal of medicine

    2020  Volume 382, Issue 25, Page(s) 2469–2471

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage ; RNA, Messenger/immunology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA, Viral/physiology ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Vaccines
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Viral ; Viral Vaccines ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMcibr2009737
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  3. Article ; Online: B cell activating factor (BAFF) from neutrophils and dendritic cells is required for protective B cell responses against Salmonella typhimurium infection.

    Kuley, Runa / Draves, Kevin E / Fuller, Deborah H / Giltiay, Natalia V / Clark, Edward A / Giordano, Daniela

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) e0259158

    Abstract: Mice lacking B cells are more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection. How B cells contribute to protective immunity against Salmonella and what signals drive their activation are still unclear. Neutrophils (Nphs), monocytes (MOs), and dendritic cells ( ... ...

    Abstract Mice lacking B cells are more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection. How B cells contribute to protective immunity against Salmonella and what signals drive their activation are still unclear. Neutrophils (Nphs), monocytes (MOs), and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in early immune responses to control the initial replication of S. typhimurium. These cells can produce B cell activating factor (BAFF) required for mature B cell survival and may help regulate B cell responses during Salmonella infection. Using BAFF reporter mice (BAFF-RFP+/-), we discovered that an i.p. infection with a virulent strain of S. typhimurium increased BAFF expression in splenic conventional DCs (cDC) and inflammatory Ly6Chi MOs/DCs four days post-infection. S. typhimurium infection induced the release of BAFF from Nphs, a decrease of BAFF-RFP expression and expansion of BAFF-RFP+ Nphs in the spleen and peritoneal cavity. After S. typhimurium infection, serum BAFF levels and immature and mature B cell subsets and plasma cells increased substantially. Conditional knockout (cKO) mice lacking BAFF in either Nphs or cDCs compared to control Bafffl/fl mice had reduced up-regulation of systemic BAFF levels and reduced expansion of mature and germinal center B cell subsets after infection. Importantly, the cKO mice lacking BAFF from either Nphs or cDCs had impaired induction of Salmonella-specific IgM Abs, and were more susceptible to S. typhimurium infection. Thus, Nphs and cDCs are major cellular sources of BAFF driving B cell responses, required for mounting optimal protective immunity against lethal Salmonella infection.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; B-Cell Activating Factor/genetics ; B-Cell Activating Factor/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Salmonella Infections/immunology ; Salmonella Infections/microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/pathogenicity ; Spleen/cytology ; Spleen/immunology
    Chemical Substances B-Cell Activating Factor ; Tnfsf13b protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0259158
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  4. Article ; Online: Impact of progesterone on innate immunity and cell death after influenza A virus H1N1 2009 infection of lung and placental cells in vitro.

    Li, Miranda / Li, Amanda / Huang, Hazel / Munson, Jeff / Obadan, Adebimpe / Fuller, Deborah H / Adams Waldorf, Kristina M

    Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 2

    Abstract: The influenza A virus (IAV) 2009 H1N1 pandemic was associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality, preterm birth, and stillbirth. The underlying mechanism for severe maternal lung disease and stillbirth is incompletely understood, but IAV ... ...

    Abstract The influenza A virus (IAV) 2009 H1N1 pandemic was associated with an increased risk of maternal mortality, preterm birth, and stillbirth. The underlying mechanism for severe maternal lung disease and stillbirth is incompletely understood, but IAV infection is known to activate innate immunity triggering the release of cytokines. Elucidating the impact of progesterone (P4), a key hormone elevated in pregnancy, on the innate immune and inflammatory response to IAV infection is a critical step in understanding the pathogenesis of adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. IAV H1N1 pdm/09 was used to infect cell lines Calu-3 (lung adenoma) and ACH-3P (extravillous trophoblast) with or without P4 (100 nM) at multiplicity of infections (MOI) 0, 0.5, and 3. Cells were harvested at 24 and 48 hours post infection (hpi) and analyzed for cytopathic effects (CPE), replicating virus (TCID50), cytotoxicity (Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay), and NLRP3 inflammasome activation (caspase-1 activity, fluorometric assay). Activation of antiviral innate immunity was quantified (RT-qPCR, Luminex) by measuring biomarker gene and protein expression of innate immune activation (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2673-818X
    ISSN (online) 2673-818X
    DOI 10.3389/fviro.2022.953208
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: 'Omics investigations of HIV and SIV pathogenesis and innate immunity.

    Palermo, Robert E / Fuller, Deborah H

    Current topics in microbiology and immunology

    2013  Volume 363, Page(s) 87–116

    Abstract: In the 30 years since the advent of the AIDS epidemic, the biomedical community has put forward a battery of molecular therapies that are based on the accumulated knowledge of a limited number of viral targets. Despite these accomplishments, the ... ...

    Abstract In the 30 years since the advent of the AIDS epidemic, the biomedical community has put forward a battery of molecular therapies that are based on the accumulated knowledge of a limited number of viral targets. Despite these accomplishments, the community still confronts unanswered foundational questions about HIV infection. What are the cellular or biomolecular processes behind HIV pathogenesis? Can we elucidate the characteristics that distinguish those individuals who are naturally resistant to either infection or disease progression? The discovery of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) and the ensuing development of in vivo, nonhuman primate (NHP) infection models was a tremendous advance, especially in abetting the exploration of vaccine strategies. And while there have been numerous NHP infection models and vaccine trials performed, fundamental questions remain regarding host-virus interactions and immune correlates of protection. These issues are, perhaps, most starkly illustrated with the appreciation that many species of African nonhuman primates are naturally infected with strains of SIV that do not cause any appreciable disease while replicating to viral loads that match or exceed those seen with pathogenic SIV infections in Asian species of nonhuman primates. The last decade has seen the establishment of high-throughput molecular profiling tools, such as microarrays for transcriptomics, SNP arrays for genome features, and LC-MS techniques for proteins or metabolites. These provide the capacity to interrogate a biological model at a comprehensive, systems level, in contrast to historical approaches that characterized a few genes or proteins in an experiment. These methods have already had revolutionary impacts in understanding human diseases originating within the host genome such as genetic disorders and cancer, and the methods are finding increasing application in the context of infectious disease. We will provide a review of the use of such 'omics investigations as applied to understanding of HIV pathogenesis and innate immunity, drawing from our own research as well as the literature examples that utilized in vitro cell-based models or studies in nonhuman primates. We will also discuss the potential for systems biology to help guide strategies for HIV vaccines that offer significant protection by either preventing acquisition or strongly suppressing viral replication levels post-infection.
    MeSH term(s) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Genomics ; HIV/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Proteomics ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity ; Systems Biology/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 0070-217X
    ISSN 0070-217X
    DOI 10.1007/82_2012_255
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Anti-PD-1 chimeric antigen receptor T cells efficiently target SIV-infected CD4+ T cells in germinal centers.

    Eichholz, Karsten / Fukazawa, Yoshinori / Peterson, Christopher W / Haeseleer, Francoise / Medina, Manuel / Hoffmeister, Shelby / Duell, Derick M / Varco-Merth, Benjamin D / Dross, Sandra / Park, Haesun / Labriola, Caralyn S / Axthelm, Michael K / Murnane, Robert D / Smedley, Jeremy V / Jin, Lei / Gong, Jiaxin / Rust, Blake J / Fuller, Deborah H / Kiem, Hans-Peter /
    Picker, Louis J / Okoye, Afam A / Corey, Lawrence

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2024  Volume 134, Issue 7

    Abstract: Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint marker commonly expressed on memory T cells and enriched in latently HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. We engineered an anti-PD-1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to assess the impact of PD-1 ... ...

    Abstract Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint marker commonly expressed on memory T cells and enriched in latently HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. We engineered an anti-PD-1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to assess the impact of PD-1 depletion on viral reservoirs and rebound dynamics in SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Adoptive transfer of anti-PD-1 CAR T cells was done in 2 SIV-naive and 4 SIV-infected RMs on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 3 of 6 RMs, anti-PD-1 CAR T cells expanded and persisted for up to 100 days concomitant with the depletion of PD-1+ memory T cells in blood and tissues, including lymph node CD4+ follicular helper T (TFH) cells. Loss of TFH cells was associated with depletion of detectable SIV RNA from the germinal center (GC). However, following CAR T infusion and ART interruption, there was a marked increase in SIV replication in extrafollicular portions of lymph nodes, a 2-log higher plasma viremia relative to controls, and accelerated disease progression associated with the depletion of CD8+ memory T cells. These data indicate anti-PD-1 CAR T cells depleted PD-1+ T cells, including GC TFH cells, and eradicated SIV from this immunological sanctuary.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Germinal Center/immunology ; HIV Infections/therapy ; Macaca mulatta/metabolism ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
    Chemical Substances Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI169309
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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of an rVSV vaccine against Zika virus infection in macaca nemestrina.

    Tisoncik-Go, Jennifer / Voss, Kathleen M / Lewis, Thomas B / Muruato, Antonio E / Kuller, LaRene / Finn, Eric E / Betancourt, Dillon / Wangari, Solomon / Ahrens, Joel / Iwayama, Naoto / Grant, Richard F / Murnane, Robert D / Edlefsen, Paul T / Fuller, Deborah H / Barber, Glen N / Gale, Michael / O'Connor, Megan A

    Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 3

    Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes an acute febrile illness. ZIKV can be transmitted between sexual partners and from mother to fetus. Infection is strongly associated with neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain- ... ...

    Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes an acute febrile illness. ZIKV can be transmitted between sexual partners and from mother to fetus. Infection is strongly associated with neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and myelitis, and congenital ZIKV infection can result in fetal injury and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Development of an effective vaccine is imperative to protect against ZIKV vertical transmission and CZS. Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis virus (rVSV) is a highly effective and safe vector for the delivery of foreign immunogens for vaccine purposes. Here, we evaluate an rVSV vaccine expressing the full length pre-membrane (prM) and ZIKV envelope (E) proteins (VSV-ZprME), shown to be immunogenic in murine models of ZIKV infection, for its capacity to induce immune responses in nonhuman primates. Moreover, we assess the efficacy of the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine in the protection of pigtail macaques against ZIKV infection. Administration of the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine was safe, but it did not induce robust anti-ZIKV T-cell responses, IgM or IgG antibodies, or neutralizing antibodies in most animals. Post ZIKV challenge, animals that received the rVSVΔM control vaccine lacking ZIKV antigen had higher levels of plasma viremia compared to animals that received the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine. Anti-ZIKV neutralizing Ab titers were detected in a single animal that received the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine that was associated with reduced plasma viremia. The overall suboptimal ZIKV-specific cellular and humoral responses post-immunization indicates the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine did not elicit an immune response in this pilot study. However, recall antibody response to the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine indicates it may be immunogenic and further developments to the vaccine construct could enhance its potential as a vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate pre-clinical model.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2673-818X
    ISSN (online) 2673-818X
    DOI 10.3389/fviro.2023.1108420
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  8. Article ; Online: Detailed analysis of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection in macaques.

    Willcox, Alexandra C / Sung, Kevin / Garrett, Meghan E / Galloway, Jared G / Erasmus, Jesse H / Logue, Jennifer K / Hawman, David W / Chu, Helen Y / Hasenkrug, Kim J / Fuller, Deborah H / Matsen Iv, Frederick A / Overbaugh, Julie

    PLoS pathogens

    2022  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e1010155

    Abstract: Macaques are a commonly used model for studying immunity to human viruses, including for studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, it is unknown whether macaque antibody responses resemble the response in humans. To answer this question, ... ...

    Abstract Macaques are a commonly used model for studying immunity to human viruses, including for studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, it is unknown whether macaque antibody responses resemble the response in humans. To answer this question, we employed a phage-based deep mutational scanning approach (Phage-DMS) to compare which linear epitopes are targeted on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in convalescent humans, convalescent (re-infected) rhesus macaques, mRNA-vaccinated humans, and repRNA-vaccinated pigtail macaques. We also used Phage-DMS to determine antibody escape pathways within each epitope, enabling a granular comparison of antibody binding specificities at the locus level. Overall, we identified some common epitope targets in both macaques and humans, including in the fusion peptide (FP) and stem helix-heptad repeat 2 (SH-H) regions. Differences between groups included a response to epitopes in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) in vaccinated humans but not vaccinated macaques, as well as recognition of a CTD epitope and epitopes flanking the FP in convalescent macaques but not convalescent humans. There was also considerable variability in the escape pathways among individuals within each group. Sera from convalescent macaques showed the least variability in escape overall and converged on a common response with vaccinated humans in the SH-H epitope region, suggesting highly similar antibodies were elicited. Collectively, these findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques. Differences in macaque species and exposure type may also contribute to these findings.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibody Formation ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Epitopes ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7374
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7374
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010155
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  9. Article ; Online: In Vivo

    Wang, Hongjie / Li, Chang / Obadan, Adebimpe O / Frizzell, Hannah / Hsiang, Tien-Ying / Gil, Sucheol / Germond, Audrey / Fountain, Connie / Baldessari, Audrey / Roffler, Steve / Kiem, Hans-Peter / Fuller, Deborah H / Lieber, André

    Human gene therapy

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 389–403

    Abstract: While SARS-CoV2 vaccines have shown an unprecedented success, the ongoing emergence of new variants and necessity to adjust vaccines justify the development of alternative prophylaxis and therapy approaches. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy ... ...

    Abstract While SARS-CoV2 vaccines have shown an unprecedented success, the ongoing emergence of new variants and necessity to adjust vaccines justify the development of alternative prophylaxis and therapy approaches. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy using a secreted CoV2 decoy receptor protein (sACE2-Ig) would involve a one-time intervention resulting in long-term protection against airway infection, viremia, and extrapulmonary symptoms. We recently developed a technically simple and portable
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/therapy ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Viremia/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cytokines ; RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1028152-6
    ISSN 1557-7422 ; 1043-0342
    ISSN (online) 1557-7422
    ISSN 1043-0342
    DOI 10.1089/hum.2021.295
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  10. Article ; Online: A Single Dose SARS-CoV-2 Replicon RNA Vaccine Induces Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Pigtail Macaques.

    O'Connor, Megan A / Erasmus, Jesse H / Randall, Samantha / Archer, Jacob / Lewis, Thomas B / Brown, Brieann / Fredericks, Megan / Groenier, Skyler / Iwayama, Naoto / Ahrens, Chul / Garrison, William / Wangari, Solomon / Guerriero, Kathryn A / Fuller, Deborah H

    Frontiers in immunology

    2021  Volume 12, Page(s) 800723

    Abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 vaccine rollout is critical for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, massive disparities exist in getting vaccines to vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV. ... ...

    Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 vaccine rollout is critical for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, massive disparities exist in getting vaccines to vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV. Preliminary studies indicate that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe and immunogenic in people living with HIV that are virally suppressed with potent antiretroviral therapy but may be less efficacious in immunocompromised individuals. This raises the concern that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in resource poor settings with limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a single dose COVID-19 replicon RNA vaccine expressing Spike protein (A.1) from SARS-CoV-2 (repRNA-CoV2S) in immunocompromised, SIV infected and immune competent, naïve pigtail macaques. Moderate vaccine-specific cellular Th1 T-cell responses and binding and neutralizing antibodies were induced by repRNA-CoV2S in SIV infected animals and naïve animals. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity was elicited even among the animals with the highest SIV viral burden or lowest peripheral CD4 counts prior to immunization. This study provides evidence that a SARS-CoV-2 repRNA vaccine could be employed to induce strong immunity against COVID-19 in HIV infected and other immunocompromised individuals.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Immunity, Cellular/drug effects ; Immunity, Humoral/drug effects ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Macaca nemestrina ; Male ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Th1 Cells/drug effects ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th1 Cells/virology ; Time Factors ; Vaccination ; Vaccine Efficacy ; mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage ; mRNA Vaccines/genetics ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; mRNA Vaccines ; repRNA-CoV2S vaccine ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800723
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