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  1. Article ; Online: Please wear a mask: a systematic case for mask wearing mandates.

    Fumagalli, Roberto

    Journal of medical ethics

    2023  

    Abstract: This paper combines considerations from ethics, medicine and public health policy to articulate and defend a systematic case for mask wearing mandates (MWM). The paper argues for two main claims of general interest in favour of MWM. First, MWM provide a ... ...

    Abstract This paper combines considerations from ethics, medicine and public health policy to articulate and defend a systematic case for mask wearing mandates (MWM). The paper argues for two main claims of general interest in favour of MWM. First, MWM provide a more effective, just and fair way to tackle the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic than policy alternatives such as laissez-faire approaches, mask wearing recommendations and physical distancing measures. And second, the proffered objections against MWM may justify some exemptions for specific categories of individuals, but do not cast doubt on the justifiability of these mandates. Hence, unless some novel decisive objections are put forward against MWM, governments should adopt MWM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/jme-2022-108736
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    Zs.A 1163: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: We Should Not Use Randomization Procedures to Allocate Scarce Life-Saving Resources.

    Fumagalli, Roberto

    Public health ethics

    2021  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 87–103

    Abstract: In the recent literature across philosophy, medicine and public health policy, many influential arguments have been put forward to support the use of randomization procedures (RAND) to allocate scarce life-saving resources (SLSR). In this paper, I ... ...

    Abstract In the recent literature across philosophy, medicine and public health policy, many influential arguments have been put forward to support the use of randomization procedures (RAND) to allocate scarce life-saving resources (SLSR). In this paper, I provide a systematic categorization and a critical evaluation of these arguments. I shall argue that those arguments justify using RAND to allocate SLSR in fewer cases than their proponents maintain and that the relevant decision-makers should typically allocate SLSR directly to the individuals with the strongest claims to these resources rather than use RAND to allocate such resources.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2438463-X
    ISSN 1754-9981 ; 1754-9973
    ISSN (online) 1754-9981
    ISSN 1754-9973
    DOI 10.1093/phe/phab025
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  3. Article ; Online: Slipping on slippery slope arguments.

    Fumagalli, Roberto

    Bioethics

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 4, Page(s) 412–419

    Abstract: Slippery slope arguments (SSAs) are used in a wide range of philosophical debates, but are often dismissed as empirically ill-founded and logically fallacious. In particular, leading authors put forward a meta-SSA which points to instances of empirically ...

    Abstract Slippery slope arguments (SSAs) are used in a wide range of philosophical debates, but are often dismissed as empirically ill-founded and logically fallacious. In particular, leading authors put forward a meta-SSA which points to instances of empirically ill-founded and logically fallacious SSAs and to the alleged existence of a slippery slope leading to such SSAs to demonstrate that people should avoid using SSAs altogether. In this paper, I examine these prominent calls against using SSAs and argue that such calls do not withstand scrutiny. I then identify several types of mechanisms leading to slippery slopes in real-life contexts to demonstrate that both the strength of SSAs and the justifiability of using SSAs are best assessed on a case-by-case basis. This result does not exempt the proponents of SSAs from the task of vindicating their use of SSAs. However, if correct, it undermines the often-made claim that people should avoid using SSAs altogether.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Wedge Argument
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632984-6
    ISSN 1467-8519 ; 0269-9702
    ISSN (online) 1467-8519
    ISSN 0269-9702
    DOI 10.1111/bioe.12727
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  4. Article: How thin rational choice theory explains choices.

    Fumagalli, Roberto

    Studies in history and philosophy of science

    2020  Volume 83, Page(s) 63–74

    Abstract: The critics of rational choice theory (RCT) frequently build on the contrast between so-called thick and thin applications of RCT to argue that thin RCT lacks the potential to explain the choices of real-world agents. In this paper, I draw on often-cited ...

    Abstract The critics of rational choice theory (RCT) frequently build on the contrast between so-called thick and thin applications of RCT to argue that thin RCT lacks the potential to explain the choices of real-world agents. In this paper, I draw on often-cited RCT applications in several decision sciences to demonstrate that despite this prominent critique there are at least two different senses in which thin RCT can explain real-world agents' choices. I then defend this thesis against the most influential objections put forward by the critics of RCT. In doing so, I explicate the implications of my thesis for the ongoing philosophical debate concerning the explanatory potential of RCT and the comparative merits of widely endorsed accounts of explanation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202358-1
    ISSN 1879-2510 ; 0039-3681
    ISSN (online) 1879-2510
    ISSN 0039-3681
    DOI 10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.03.003
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  5. Article ; Online: Beauty, the beautician and empathy in the intensive care unit.

    Fontana, Isabella / Lissoni, Barbara / Fumagalli, Roberto

    Intensive care medicine

    2024  Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 612–613

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Empathy ; Beauty ; Intensive Care Units
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80387-x
    ISSN 1432-1238 ; 0340-0964 ; 0342-4642 ; 0935-1701
    ISSN (online) 1432-1238
    ISSN 0340-0964 ; 0342-4642 ; 0935-1701
    DOI 10.1007/s00134-024-07328-4
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    Zs.A 1089: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: A small (but interesting) "trans-Atlantic acid-base debate".

    Langer, Thomas / Brunoni, Beatrice / Fumagalli, Roberto

    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

    2023  Volume 135, Issue 5, Page(s) 1183

    MeSH term(s) Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Buffers ; Carbon Dioxide ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Bicarbonates
    Chemical Substances Buffers ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Bicarbonates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 219139-8
    ISSN 1522-1601 ; 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    ISSN (online) 1522-1601
    ISSN 0021-8987 ; 0161-7567 ; 8750-7587
    DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00715.2023
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  7. Article ; Online: Uncomplicated calcium-citrate anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy in two other patients with metformin accumulation.

    Brunoni, Beatrice / Zadek, Francesco / Protti, Alessandro / Cecconi, Maurizio / Fumagalli, Roberto / Langer, Thomas

    Blood purification

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 605548-5
    ISSN 1421-9735 ; 0253-5068
    ISSN (online) 1421-9735
    ISSN 0253-5068
    DOI 10.1159/000537712
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    Zs.A 1872: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Role of hemolysis on pulmonary arterial compliance and right ventricular systolic function after cardiopulmonary bypass.

    Rezoagli, Emanuele / Redaelli, Simone / Bittner, Edward A / Fumagalli, Roberto / Ichinose, Fumito / Berra, Lorenzo

    Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry

    2024  Volume 146, Page(s) 24–30

    Abstract: Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with intravascular hemolysis which depletes endogenous nitric oxide (NO). The impact of hemolysis on pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC) and right ventricular systolic function has not been explored ...

    Abstract Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with intravascular hemolysis which depletes endogenous nitric oxide (NO). The impact of hemolysis on pulmonary arterial compliance (PAC) and right ventricular systolic function has not been explored yet. We hypothesized that decreased NO availability is associated with worse PAC and right ventricular systolic function after CPB.
    Methods: This is a secondary analysis of an observational cohort study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB at Massachusetts General Hospital, USA (2014-2015). We assessed PAC (stroke volume/pulmonary artery pulse pressure ratio), and right ventricular function index (RVFI) (systolic pulmonary arterial pressure/cardiac output), as well as NO consumption at 15 min, 4 h and 12 h after CPB. Patients were stratified by CPB duration. Further, we assessed the association between changes in NO consumption with PAC and RVFI between 15min and 4 h after CPB.
    Results: PAC was lowest at 15min after CPB and improved over time (n = 50). RVFI was highest -worse right ventricular function- at CPB end and gradually decreased. Changes in hemolysis, PAC and RVFI differed over time by CPB duration. PAC inversely correlated with total pulmonary resistance (TPR). TPR and PAC positively and negatively correlated with RVFI, respectively. NO consumption between 15min and 4 h after CPB correlated with changes in PAC (-0.28 ml/mmHg, 95%CI -0.49 to -0.01, p = 0.012) and RVFI (0.14 mmHg*L
    Conclusion: PAC and RVFI are worse at CPB end and improve over time. Depletion of endogenous NO may contribute to explain changes in PAC and RVFI after CPB.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Male ; Hemolysis ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Function, Right/physiology ; Aged ; Pulmonary Artery/physiology ; Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Systole/physiology ; Cohort Studies ; Compliance
    Chemical Substances Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1362794-6
    ISSN 1089-8611 ; 1089-8603
    ISSN (online) 1089-8611
    ISSN 1089-8603
    DOI 10.1016/j.niox.2024.03.003
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    Zs.A 4677: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: Comment on: Effects of changes in trunk inclination on ventilatory efficiency in ARDS patients: quasi‑experimental study.

    Marrazzo, Francesco / Spina, Stefano / Zadek, Francesco / Fumagalli, Roberto / Langer, Thomas

    Intensive care medicine experimental

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 90

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2740385-3
    ISSN 2197-425X
    ISSN 2197-425X
    DOI 10.1186/s40635-023-00565-9
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  10. Article ; Online: Reply to Oppersma

    Marrazzo, Francesco / Spina, Stefano / Fumagalli, Roberto / Langer, Thomas

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2022  Volume 206, Issue 6, Page(s) 799–800

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.202205-0987LE
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