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Article ; Online: Factors influencing olfactory function in an adult general population sample: the CHRIS study.

Gögele, Martin / Emmert, David / Fuchsberger, Christian / Frasnelli, Johannes

2024 Volume 49

Abstract: The sense of smell allows for the assessment of the chemical composition of volatiles in our environment. Different factors are associated with reduced olfactory function, including age, sex, as well as health and lifestyle conditions. However, most ... ...

Abstract	The sense of smell allows for the assessment of the chemical composition of volatiles in our environment. Different factors are associated with reduced olfactory function, including age, sex, as well as health and lifestyle conditions. However, most studies that aimed at identifying the variables that drive olfactory function in the population suffered from methodological weaknesses in study designs and participant selection, such as the inclusion of convenience sample or only of certain age groups, or recruitment biases. We aimed to overcome these issues by investigating the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) cohort, a population-based cohort, by using a validated odor identification test. Specifically, we hypothesized that a series of medical, demographic and lifestyle variables is associated with odor identification abilities. In addition, our goal was to provide clinicians and researchers with normative values for the Sniffin' Sticks identification set, after exclusion of individuals with impaired nasal patency. We included 6,944 participants without acute nasal obstruction and assessed several biological, social, and medical parameters. A basic model determined that age, sex, years of education, and smoking status together explained roughly 13% of the total variance in the data. We further observed that variables related to medical (positive screening for cognitive impairment and for Parkinson's disease, history of skull fracture, stage 2 hypertension) and lifestyle (alcohol abstinence) conditions had a negative effect on odor identification scores. Finally, we provide clinicians with normative values for both versions of the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test, i.e. with 16 items and with 12 items.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Olfaction Disorders/epidemiology ; Smell ; Odorants ; Parkinson Disease ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Sensory Thresholds
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	754122-3
ISSN	1464-3553 ; 0379-864X
ISSN (online)	1464-3553
ISSN	0379-864X
DOI	10.1093/chemse/bjae011
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Article ; Online: Structural equation modeling (SEM) of kidney function markers and longitudinal CVD risk assessment.

Fujii, Ryosuke / Melotti, Roberto / Gögele, Martin / Barin, Laura / Ghasemi-Semeskandeh, Dariush / Barbieri, Giulia / Pramstaller, Peter P / Pattaro, Cristian

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0280600

Abstract: Lower kidney function is known to enhance cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It is unclear which estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation best predict an increased CVD risk and if prediction can be improved by integration of multiple kidney ... ...

Abstract	Lower kidney function is known to enhance cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It is unclear which estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation best predict an increased CVD risk and if prediction can be improved by integration of multiple kidney function markers. We performed structural equation modeling (SEM) of kidney markers and compared the performance of the resulting pooled indexes with established eGFR equations to predict CVD risk in a 10-year longitudinal population-based design. We split the study sample into a set of participants with only baseline data (n = 647; model-building set) and a set with longitudinal data (n = 670; longitudinal set). In the model-building set, we fitted five SEM models based on serum creatinine or creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcre), cystatin C or cystatin-based eGFR (eGFRcys), uric acid (UA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In the longitudinal set, 10-year incident CVD risk was defined as a Framingham risk score (FRS)>5% and a pooled cohort equation (PCE)>5%. Predictive performances of the different kidney function indexes were compared using the C-statistic and the DeLong test. In the longitudinal set, a SEM-based estimate of latent kidney function based on eGFRcre, eGFRcys, UA, and BUN showed better prediction performance for both FRS>5% (C-statistic: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.65-0.74) and PCE>5% (C-statistic: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.71-0.79) than other SEM models and different eGFR formulas (DeLong test p-values<3.21×10-6 for FRS>5% and <1.49×10-9 for PCE>5%, respectively). However, the new derived marker could not outperform eGFRcys (DeLong test p-values = 0.88 for FRS>5% and 0.20 for PCE>5%, respectively). SEM is a promising approach to identify latent kidney function signatures. However, for incident CVD risk prediction, eGFRcys could still be preferrable given its simpler derivation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Kidney ; Kidney Function Tests ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Biomarkers ; Risk Assessment ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Creatinine ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0280600
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Article ; Online: Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Kidney Health Assessed in the Population-Based CHRIS Study Using Reduced Rank Regression.

Barbieri, Giulia / Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa / Lundin, Rebecca / Fujii, Ryosuke / Melotti, Roberto / Gögele, Martin / Christopher, Kenneth B / Cazzoletti, Lucia / Pramstaller, Peter P / Zanolin, Maria Elisabetta / Pattaro, Cristian / Hantikainen, Essi

Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation

2024

Abstract: Objective: While diet plays a key role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) management, the potential for diet to impact CKD prevention in the general population is less clear. Using a priori knowledge, we derived disease-related dietary patterns (DPs) ... ...

Abstract	Objective: While diet plays a key role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) management, the potential for diet to impact CKD prevention in the general population is less clear. Using a priori knowledge, we derived disease-related dietary patterns (DPs) through reduced rank regression (RRR) and investigated associations with kidney function, separately focusing on generally healthy individuals and those with self-reported kidney diseases, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. Methods: Eight thousand six hundred eighty-six participants from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol study were split into a group free of kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes (n = 6,133) and a group with any of the 3 conditions (n = 2,553). Diet was assessed through the self-administered Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence food frequency questionnaire and DPs were derived through RRR selecting food frequency questionnaire-derived sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein intake as mediators. Outcomes were creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, CKD and microalbuminuria. Multiple linear and logistic models were used to assess associations between RRR-based DPs and kidney outcomes separately in the 2 analytic groups. Results: We identified 3 DPs, where high adherence reflected high levels of all nutrients (DP1), high potassium-phosphorus and low protein-sodium levels (DP2), and low potassium-sodium and high protein-phosphorus levels (DP3), respectively. We observed heterogeneous associations with kidney outcomes, varying by analytic group and sex. Kidney outcomes were much more strongly associated with DPs than with single nutrients. Conclusion: RRR is a feasible approach to estimate disease-related DPs and explore the combined effects of nutrients on kidney health. Heterogeneous associations across kidney outcomes suggest possible specificity to kidney function or damage. In individuals reporting kidney disease, hypertension or diabetes, specific dietary habits were associated with better kidney health, indicating that disease-specific dietary interventions can be effective for disease control.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1080003-7
ISSN	1532-8503 ; 1051-2276
ISSN (online)	1532-8503
ISSN	1051-2276
DOI	10.1053/j.jrn.2024.03.003
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Zs.A 3273: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Association of dietary proteins with serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate in a general population sample: the CHRIS study.

Vukovic, Vladimir / Hantikainen, Essi / Raftopoulou, Athina / Gögele, Martin / Rainer, Johannes / Domingues, Francisco S / Pramstaller, Peter P / Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa / Pattaro, Cristian

Journal of nephrology

2022 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 103–114

Abstract: Background: Diet is known to affect kidney function. However, population-based studies provide contrasting evidence, resulting in a poor understanding of the effect of proteins from specific foods on kidney health.: Methods: We analyzed the effect of ...

Abstract	Background: Diet is known to affect kidney function. However, population-based studies provide contrasting evidence, resulting in a poor understanding of the effect of proteins from specific foods on kidney health. Methods: We analyzed the effect of total daily protein intake (TDPI) and source-specific daily protein intake (DPI) on fasting serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) cross-sectional study (n = 5889), using the GA Results: Higher TDPI as well as DPI from overall animal sources, fish, and poultry, were associated with higher SCr (trend test p, p Conclusions: TDPI and DPI from specific animal sources were positively associated with SCr and negatively associated with eGFR. Lacking an alternative marker of kidney function, confounding involving muscle mass metabolism cannot be fully excluded.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dietary Proteins ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; Dietary Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-05
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1093991-x
ISSN	1724-6059 ; 1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
ISSN (online)	1724-6059
ISSN	1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
DOI	10.1007/s40620-022-01409-7
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Zs.A 3369: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Ten years of dynamic consent in the CHRIS study: informed consent as a dynamic process.

Mascalzoni, Deborah / Melotti, Roberto / Pattaro, Cristian / Pramstaller, Peter Paul / Gögele, Martin / De Grandi, Alessandro / Biasiotto, Roberta

European journal of human genetics : EJHG

2022 Volume 30, Issue 12, Page(s) 1391–1397

Abstract: The Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) is a longitudinal study in Northern Italy, using dynamic consent since its inception in 2011. The CHRIS study collects health data and biosamples for research, and foresees regular follow-ups over ... ...

Abstract	The Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) is a longitudinal study in Northern Italy, using dynamic consent since its inception in 2011. The CHRIS study collects health data and biosamples for research, and foresees regular follow-ups over time. We describe the experience with the CHRIS study dynamic consent, providing an overview of its conceptualization and implementation, and of the participant-centered strategies used to assess and improve the process, directly linked to participation and communication. In order to comply with high ethical standards and to allow broadness in the areas of research, CHRIS dynamic consent was conceived as an interactive process: based on a strong governance and an ongoing tailored communication with participants, it aims to promote autonomy and to develop a trust-based engaged relationship with participants, also relevant for retention. Built within an online platform, the consent allows granular choices, which can be changed over time. In a process of co-production, participants views have been investigated and kept into account in policy development. Participants showed a high degree of participation, thus enabling the consolidation of the CHRIS resources. Even though a low change rate was reported in the baseline, participants valued the possibility of changing their informed consent choices. Communication (language-tailored, ongoing, multimedia) was important for participants, and for participation and retention. In our experience, dynamic consent was proven to be a flexible consent model, which allowed to meet ethical and legal standards for participation in research, and to accommodate participants' and researchers' needs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Informed Consent ; Research Personnel ; Communication ; Trust
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1141470-4
ISSN	1476-5438 ; 1018-4813
ISSN (online)	1476-5438
ISSN	1018-4813
DOI	10.1038/s41431-022-01160-4
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Article ; Online: Pain sensitivity is modulated by affective temperament: Results from the population-based CHRIS Affective Disorder (CHRIS-AD) study.

Favaretto, Ettore / Gögele, Martin / Bedani, Fulvio / Hicks, Andrew A / Erfurth, Andreas / Perugi, Giulio / Pramstaller, Peter P / Melotti, Roberto

Journal of affective disorders

2022 Volume 316, Page(s) 209–216

Abstract: Background: Nociceptive pain modulation is related to psychological and psychiatric conditions. Evidence from clinical studies backs innate temperaments as potential precursors of mood symptoms and disorders, and pain sensitivity. Our study examines the ...

Abstract	Background: Nociceptive pain modulation is related to psychological and psychiatric conditions. Evidence from clinical studies backs innate temperaments as potential precursors of mood symptoms and disorders, and pain sensitivity. Our study examines the modulation effect of affective temperaments on pain sensitivity in a general population adult sample, accounting for possible intervening mood symptoms, lifetime anxiety and depression, and pain treatments. Methods: The sample is part of the CHRIS-AD study, Italy. Primary outcomes were the pain sensitivity questionnaire PSQ-total intensity score and the experimental pressure pain threshold (PPT). Affective temperaments were evaluated with the TEMPS-M. Lifetime depression, anxiety, current mood disorders, and treatments were self-reported via rating-scales. Directed acyclic graphs theory guided linear and mixed linear regression model analyses. Results: Among 3804 participants (aged 18-65; response rate 78.4 %, females 53.3 %, mean age 38.4 years) for any given temperament, both the PSQ-total and the PPT were associated with temperament. The TEMPS-M four cyclothymic-related temperaments aligned on the pain-sensitive pole and the hyperthymic on the pain-resilient pole. The inclusion of current or lifetime mood symptoms, or pain drug use, as possible intervening pathways only partly diluted these associations, with stronger evidence for an effect of trait anxiety. Limitations: The main limitations were the lack of experimental measures of suprathreshold pain intensity perception, and detailed information on affective disorders in the study population. Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis of a biological dichotomous diathesis of affective temperaments towards pain sensitivity; hyperthymic suggesting protection, whereas cyclothymic suggesting predisposition.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Affect ; Bipolar Disorder/psychology ; Cyclothymic Disorder/diagnosis ; Cyclothymic Disorder/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; Personality Inventory ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperament
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	135449-8
ISSN	1573-2517 ; 0165-0327
ISSN (online)	1573-2517
ISSN	0165-0327
DOI	10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.015
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Article ; Online: Smoking and salivary microbiota: a cross-sectional analysis of an Italian alpine population.

Antonello, Giacomo / Blostein, Freida / Bhaumik, Deesha / Davis, Elyse / Gögele, Martin / Melotti, Roberto / Pramstaller, Peter / Pattaro, Cristian / Segata, Nicola / Foxman, Betsy / Fuchsberger, Christian

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 18904

Abstract: The oral microbiota plays an important role in the exogenous nitrate reduction pathway and is associated with heart and periodontal disease and cigarette smoking. We describe smoking-related changes in oral microbiota composition and resulting potential ... ...

Abstract	The oral microbiota plays an important role in the exogenous nitrate reduction pathway and is associated with heart and periodontal disease and cigarette smoking. We describe smoking-related changes in oral microbiota composition and resulting potential metabolic pathway changes that may explain smoking-related changes in disease risk. We analyzed health information and salivary microbiota composition among 1601 Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol participants collected 2017-2018. Salivary microbiota taxa were assigned from amplicon sequences of the 16S-V4 rRNA and used to describe microbiota composition and predict metabolic pathways. Aerobic taxa relative abundance decreased with daily smoking intensity and increased with years since cessation, as did inferred nitrate reduction. Former smokers tended to be more similar to Never smokers than to Current smokers, especially those who had quit for longer than 5 years. Cigarette smoking has a consistent, generalizable association on oral microbiota composition and predicted metabolic pathways, some of which associate in a dose-dependent fashion. Smokers who quit for longer than 5 years tend to have salivary microbiota profiles comparable to never smokers.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nitrates ; Cigarette Smoking ; Microbiota/genetics ; Smokers ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Chemical Substances	Nitrates ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-42474-7
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Article ; Online: Trends and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a longitudinal study on an Alpine population representative sample.

Barbieri, Giulia / Pizzato, Massimo / Gögele, Martin / Giardiello, Daniele / Weichenberger, Christian X / Foco, Luisa / Bottigliengo, Daniele / Bertelli, Cinzia / Barin, Laura / Lundin, Rebecca / Pramstaller, Peter P / Pattaro, Cristian / Melotti, Roberto

BMJ open

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) e072650

Abstract: Objectives: The continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection waves and the emergence of novel pathogens pose a challenge for effective public health surveillance strategies based on diagnostics. Longitudinal population representative studies on ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection waves and the emergence of novel pathogens pose a challenge for effective public health surveillance strategies based on diagnostics. Longitudinal population representative studies on incident events and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are scarce. We aimed at describing the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 through regular monitoring of self-reported symptoms in an Alpine community sample. Design: To this purpose, we designed a longitudinal population representative study, the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol COVID-19 study. Participants and outcome measures: A sample of 845 participants was retrospectively investigated for active and past infections with swab and blood tests, by August 2020, allowing adjusted cumulative incidence estimation. Of them, 700 participants without previous infection or vaccination were followed up monthly until July 2021 for first-time infection and symptom self-reporting: COVID-19 anamnesis, social contacts, lifestyle and sociodemographic data were assessed remotely through digital questionnaires. Temporal symptom trajectories and infection rates were modelled through longitudinal clustering and dynamic correlation analysis. Negative binomial regression and random forest analysis assessed the relative importance of symptoms. Results: At baseline, the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.10% (95% CI 0.51%, 2.10%). Symptom trajectories mimicked both self-reported and confirmed cases of incident infections. Cluster analysis identified two groups of high-frequency and low-frequency symptoms. Symptoms like fever and loss of smell fell in the low-frequency cluster. Symptoms most discriminative of test positivity (loss of smell, fatigue and joint-muscle aches) confirmed prior evidence. Conclusions: Regular symptom tracking from population representative samples is an effective screening tool auxiliary to laboratory diagnostics for novel pathogens at critical times, as manifested in this study of COVID-19 patterns. Integrated surveillance systems might benefit from more direct involvement of citizens' active symptom tracking.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anosmia ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072650
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Article ; Online: Cluster analysis of angiotensin biomarkers to identify antihypertensive drug treatment in population studies.

Arisido, Maeregu Woldeyes / Foco, Luisa / Shoemaker, Robin / Melotti, Roberto / Delles, Christian / Gögele, Martin / Barolo, Stefano / Baron, Stephanie / Azizi, Michel / Dominiczak, Anna F / Zennaro, Maria-Christina / P Pramstaller, Peter / Poglitsch, Marko / Pattaro, Cristian

BMC medical research methodology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 131

Abstract: Background: The recent progress in molecular biology generates an increasing interest in investigating molecular biomarkers as markers of response to treatments. The present work is motivated by a study, where the objective was to explore the potential ... ...

Abstract	Background: The recent progress in molecular biology generates an increasing interest in investigating molecular biomarkers as markers of response to treatments. The present work is motivated by a study, where the objective was to explore the potential of the molecular biomarkers of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to identify the undertaken antihypertensive treatments in the general population. Population-based studies offer an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of treatments in real-world scenarios. However, lack of quality documentation, especially when electronic health record linkage is unavailable, leads to inaccurate reporting and classification bias. Method: We present a machine learning clustering technique to determine the potential of measured RAAS biomarkers for the identification of undertaken treatments in the general population. The biomarkers were simultaneously determined through a novel mass-spectrometry analysis in 800 participants of the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study with documented antihypertensive treatments. We assessed the agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the resulting clusters against known treatment types. Through the lasso penalized regression, we identified clinical characteristics associated with the biomarkers, accounting for the effects of cluster and treatment classifications. Results: We identified three well-separated clusters: cluster 1 (n = 444) preferentially including individuals not receiving RAAS-targeting drugs; cluster 2 (n = 235) identifying angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) users (weighted kappa κ Conclusions: Unsupervised clustering of angiotensin-based biomarkers is a viable technique to identify individuals on specific antihypertensive treatments, pointing to a potential application of the biomarkers as useful clinical diagnostic tools even outside of a controlled clinical setting.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Angiotensins ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Cluster Analysis ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Angiotensins ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041362-2
ISSN	1471-2288 ; 1471-2288
ISSN (online)	1471-2288
ISSN	1471-2288
DOI	10.1186/s12874-023-01930-8
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Article ; Online: Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal testing in a rural community sample susceptible of first infection: the CHRIS COVID-19 study.

Giardiello, Daniele / Melotti, Roberto / Barbieri, Giulia / Gögele, Martin / Weichenberger, Christian X / Foco, Luisa / Bottigliengo, Daniele / Barin, Laura / Lundin, Rebecca / Pramstaller, Peter P / Pattaro, Cristian

Pathogens and global health

2023 Volume 117, Issue 8, Page(s) 744–753

Abstract: To characterize COVID-19 epidemiology, numerous population-based studies have been undertaken to model the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Less is known about what may drive the probability to undergo testing. Understanding how much testing is driven by ... ...

Abstract	To characterize COVID-19 epidemiology, numerous population-based studies have been undertaken to model the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Less is known about what may drive the probability to undergo testing. Understanding how much testing is driven by contextual or individual conditions is important to delineate the role of individual behavior and to shape public health interventions and resource allocation. In the Val Venosta/Vinschgau district (South Tyrol, Italy), we conducted a population-representative longitudinal study on 697 individuals susceptible to first infection who completed 4,512 repeated online questionnaires at four-week intervals between September 2020 and May 2021. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were fitted to investigate associations of self-reported SARS-CoV-2 testing with individual characteristics (social, demographic, and biological) and contextual determinants. Testing was associated with month of reporting, reflecting the timing of both the pandemic intensity and public health interventions, COVID-19-related symptoms (odds ratio, OR:8.26; 95% confidence interval, CI:6.04-11.31), contacts with infected individuals within home (OR:7.47, 95%CI:3.81-14.62) or outside home (OR:9.87, 95%CI:5.78-16.85), and being retired (OR:0.50, 95%CI:0.34-0.73). Symptoms and next within- and outside-home contacts were the leading determinants of swab testing predisposition in the most acute phase of the pandemics. Testing was not associated with age, sex, education, comorbidities, or lifestyle factors. In the study area, contextual determinants reflecting the course of the pandemic were predominant compared to individual sociodemographic characteristics in explaining the SARS-CoV-2 probability of testing. Decision makers should evaluate whether the intended target groups were correctly prioritized by the testing campaign.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Rural Population ; Longitudinal Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2625162-0
ISSN	2047-7732 ; 2047-7724
ISSN (online)	2047-7732
ISSN	2047-7724
DOI	10.1080/20477724.2023.2191232
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