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Article ; Online: Unraveling the contribution of potential evaporation formulation to uncertainty under climate change

T. Lemaitre-Basset / L. Oudin / G. Thirel / L. Collet

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 26, Pp 2147-

2022 Volume 2159

Abstract: The increasing air temperature in a changing climate will impact actual evaporation and have consequences for water resource management in energy-limited regions. In many hydrological models, evaporation is assessed using a preliminary computation of ... ...

Abstract	The increasing air temperature in a changing climate will impact actual evaporation and have consequences for water resource management in energy-limited regions. In many hydrological models, evaporation is assessed using a preliminary computation of potential evaporation (PE), which represents the evaporative demand of the atmosphere. Therefore, in impact studies, the quantification of uncertainties related to PE estimation, which can arise from different sources, is crucial. Indeed, a myriad of PE formulations exist, and the uncertainties related to climate variables cascade into PE computation. To date, no consensus has emerged on the main source of uncertainty in the PE modeling chain for hydrological studies. In this study, we address this issue by setting up a multi-model and multi-scenario approach. We used seven different PE formulations and a set of 30 climate projections to calculate changes in PE. To estimate the uncertainties related to each step of the PE calculation process, namely Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, general circulation models (GCMs), regional climate models (RCMs) and PE formulations, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) decomposition was used. Results show that mean annual PE will increase across France by the end of the century (from +40 to +130 mm y −1 ). In ascending order, uncertainty contributions by the end of the century are explained by PE formulations (below 10 %), RCPs (above 20 %), RCMs (30 %–40 %) and GCMs (30 %–40 %). However, under a single scenario, the contribution of the PE formulation is much higher and can reach up to 50 % of the total variance. All PE formulations show similar future trends, as climatic variables are co-dependent with respect to temperature. While no PE formulation stands out from the others, the Penman–Monteith formulation may be preferred in hydrological impact studies, as it is representative of the PE formulations' ensemble mean and allows one to account for the coevolution of climate and environmental drivers.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Technical note

P. Royer-Gaspard / V. Andréassian / G. Thirel

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 25, Pp 5703-

PMR – a proxy metric to assess hydrological model robustness in a changing climate

2021 Volume 5716

Abstract: The ability of hydrological models to perform in climatic conditions different from those encountered in calibration is crucial to ensure a reliable assessment of the impact of climate change on river regimes and water availability. However, most ... ...

Abstract	The ability of hydrological models to perform in climatic conditions different from those encountered in calibration is crucial to ensure a reliable assessment of the impact of climate change on river regimes and water availability. However, most evaluation studies based on the differential split-sample test (DSST) endorsed the consensus that rainfall–runoff models lack climatic robustness. Models applied under climatologically different conditions typically exhibit substantial errors in streamflow volumes. In this technical note, we propose a new performance metric to evaluate model robustness without applying the DSST, and it can be performed with a single hydrological model calibration. The proxy for model robustness (PMR) is based on the systematic computation of model error on sliding sub-periods of the whole streamflow time series. We demonstrate that the PMR metric shows patterns similar to those obtained with the DSST for a conceptual model on a set of 377 French catchments. An analysis of the sensitivity to the length of the sub-periods shows that this length influences the values of the PMR and its equivalency with DSST biases. We recommend a range of a few years for the choice of sub-period lengths, although this should be context dependent. Our work makes it possible to evaluate the temporal transferability of any hydrological model, including uncalibrated models, at a very low computational cost.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Robustness of a parsimonious subsurface drainage model at the French national scale

A. Jeantet / H. Henine / C. Chaumont / L. Collet / G. Thirel / J. Tournebize

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 25, Pp 5447-

2021 Volume 5471

Abstract: Drainage systems are currently implemented on agricultural plots subjected to temporary or permanent waterlogging issues. Drained plots account for 9 % of all arable soils in France. As such, the need for accurate hydrological modeling is crucial, ... ...

Abstract	Drainage systems are currently implemented on agricultural plots subjected to temporary or permanent waterlogging issues. Drained plots account for 9 % of all arable soils in France. As such, the need for accurate hydrological modeling is crucial, especially in an unstable future context affected by climate change. The aim of this paper is to assess the capacity of the SIDRA-RU hydrological drainage model to represent the variability in pedoclimatic conditions within French metropolitan areas and to demonstrate the utility of this model as a long-term management tool. The model is initially calibrated using the KGE ′ criterion as an objective function (OF) on a large and unique database encompassing 22 plots spread across France and classified according to three main soil textures (silty, silty–clay, and clayey). The performance of SIDRA-RU is evaluated by monitoring both the set of KGE ′ calibration values and the quality of simulations on each plot with respect to high and low discharges, as well as the annual drained water balance. Next, the temporal robustness of the model is assessed by conducting, on selected plots, the split-sample test capable of satisfying the data requirements. Results show that the SIDRA-RU model accurately simulates drainage discharge, especially on silty soils. The performance on clayey soils is slightly weaker than that on silty soils yet remains acceptable. Similarly, the split-sample test indicates that SIDRA-RU is temporally robust on all three soil textures. Consequently, the SIDRA-RU model closely replicates the diversity of French drained soil and could be used for its long-term management potential.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A particle filter scheme for multivariate data assimilation into a point-scale snowpack model in an Alpine environment

G. Piazzi / G. Thirel / L. Campo / S. Gabellani

The Cryosphere, Vol 12, Pp 2287-

2018 Volume 2306

Abstract: The accuracy of hydrological predictions in snow-dominated regions deeply depends on the quality of the snowpack simulations, with dynamics that strongly affect the local hydrological regime, especially during the melting period. With the aim of reducing ...

Abstract	The accuracy of hydrological predictions in snow-dominated regions deeply depends on the quality of the snowpack simulations, with dynamics that strongly affect the local hydrological regime, especially during the melting period. With the aim of reducing the modelling uncertainty, data assimilation techniques are increasingly being implemented for operational purposes. This study aims to investigate the performance of a multivariate sequential importance resampling – particle filter scheme, designed to jointly assimilate several ground-based snow observations. The system, which relies on a multilayer energy-balance snow model, has been tested at three Alpine sites: Col de Porte (France), Torgnon (Italy), and Weissfluhjoch (Switzerland). The implementation of a multivariate data assimilation scheme faces several challenging issues, which are here addressed and extensively discussed: (1) the effectiveness of the perturbation of the meteorological forcing data in preventing the sample impoverishment; (2) the impact of the parameter perturbation on the filter updating of the snowpack state; the system sensitivity to (3) the frequency of the assimilated observations, and (4) the ensemble size. The perturbation of the meteorological forcing data generally turns out to be insufficient for preventing the sample impoverishment of the particle sample, which is highly limited when jointly perturbating key model parameters. However, the parameter perturbation sharpens the system sensitivity to the frequency of the assimilated observations, which can be successfully relaxed by introducing indirectly estimated information on snow-mass-related variables. The ensemble size is found not to greatly impact the filter performance in this point-scale application.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Technical note

L. Santos / G. Thirel / C. Perrin

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 22, Pp 4583-

Pitfalls in using log-transformed flows within the KGE criterion

2018 Volume 4591

Abstract: Log-transformed discharge is often used to calculate performance criteria to better focus on low flows. This prior transformation limits the heteroscedasticity of model residuals and was largely applied in criteria based on squared residuals, like the ... ...

Abstract	Log-transformed discharge is often used to calculate performance criteria to better focus on low flows. This prior transformation limits the heteroscedasticity of model residuals and was largely applied in criteria based on squared residuals, like the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). In the recent years, NSE has been shown to have mathematical limitations and the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) was proposed as an alternative to provide more balance between the expected qualities of a model (namely representing the water balance, flow variability and correlation). As in the case of NSE, several authors used the KGE criterion (or its improved version KGE′) with a prior logarithmic transformation on flows. However, we show that the use of this transformation is not adapted to the case of the KGE (or KGE′) criterion and may lead to several numerical issues, potentially resulting in a biased evaluation of model performance. We present the theoretical underpinning aspects of these issues and concrete modelling examples, showing that KGE′ computed on log-transformed flows should be avoided. Alternatives are discussed.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Technical note

P. Nicolle / V. Andréassian / P. Royer-Gaspard / C. Perrin / G. Thirel / L. Coron / L. Santos

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 25, Pp 5013-

RAT – a robustness assessment test for calibrated and uncalibrated hydrological models

2021 Volume 5027

Abstract: Prior to their use under future changing climate conditions, all hydrological models should be thoroughly evaluated regarding their temporal transferability (application in different time periods) and extrapolation capacity (application beyond the range ... ...

Abstract	Prior to their use under future changing climate conditions, all hydrological models should be thoroughly evaluated regarding their temporal transferability (application in different time periods) and extrapolation capacity (application beyond the range of known past conditions). This note presents a straightforward evaluation framework aimed at detecting potential undesirable climate dependencies in hydrological models: the robustness assessment test (RAT). Although it is conceptually inspired by the classic differential split-sample test of Klemeš (1986), the RAT presents the advantage of being applicable to all types of models, be they calibrated or not (i.e. regionalized or physically based). In this note, we present the RAT, illustrate its application on a set of 21 catchments, verify its applicability hypotheses and compare it to previously published tests. Results show that the RAT is an efficient evaluation approach, passing it successfully can be considered a prerequisite for any hydrological model to be used for climate change impact studies.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: What part of natural flow can be considered a "water resource"?

V. Andréassian / J. Margat / G. Thirel / P. Hubert

Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, Vol 366, Pp 86-

2015 Volume 92

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss an unfortunate semantic shortcut – the use of the expression "water resources" as a synonym for "river/groundwater flow" – which causes great confusion in all Water Security-related discussions. We show that only a part of the ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we discuss an unfortunate semantic shortcut – the use of the expression "water resources" as a synonym for "river/groundwater flow" – which causes great confusion in all Water Security-related discussions. We show that only a part of the flow can be considered a resource, and that the efficiency of the flow-to-resource conversion is a complex function of: (i) the hydrologic regime, (ii) environmental constraints (in-stream reserved flows), (iii) the type of water demand, and (iv) the existence of artificial reservoirs. Last, we illustrate how the flow-to-resource conversion can be affected by future climatic changes. Hydrologic data and climate change simulations for three French rivers (the rivers Vilaine, Durance and Garonne) are used to illustrate this discussion.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Technical note

P. C. Astagneau / G. Thirel / O. Delaigue / J. H. A. Guillaume / J. Parajka / C. C. Brauer / A. Viglione / W. Buytaert / K. J. Beven

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 25, Pp 3937-

Hydrology modelling R packages – a unified analysis of models and practicalities from a user perspective

2021 Volume 3973

Abstract: Following the rise of R as a scientific programming language, the increasing requirement for more transferable research and the growth of data availability in hydrology, R packages containing hydrological models are becoming more and more available as an ...

Abstract	Following the rise of R as a scientific programming language, the increasing requirement for more transferable research and the growth of data availability in hydrology, R packages containing hydrological models are becoming more and more available as an open-source resource to hydrologists. Corresponding to the core of the hydrological studies workflow, their value is increasingly meaningful regarding the reliability of methods and results. Despite package and model distinctiveness, no study has ever provided a comparison of R packages for conceptual rainfall–runoff modelling from a user perspective by contrasting their philosophy, model characteristics and ease of use. We have selected eight packages based on our ability to consistently run their models on simple hydrology modelling examples. We have uniformly analysed the exact structure of seven of the hydrological models integrated into these R packages in terms of conceptual storages and fluxes, spatial discretisation, data requirements and output provided. The analysis showed that very different modelling choices are associated with these packages, which emphasises various hydrological concepts. These specificities are not always sufficiently well explained by the package documentation. Therefore a synthesis of the package functionalities was performed from a user perspective. This synthesis helps to inform the selection of which packages could/should be used depending on the problem at hand. In this regard, the technical features, documentation, R implementations and computational times were investigated. Moreover, by providing a framework for package comparison, this study is a step forward towards supporting more transferable and reusable methods and results for hydrological modelling in R.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Using R in hydrology

L. J. Slater / G. Thirel / S. Harrigan / O. Delaigue / A. Hurley / A. Khouakhi / I. Prosdocimi / C. Vitolo / K. Smith

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 23, Pp 2939-

a review of recent developments and future directions

2019 Volume 2963

Abstract: The open-source programming language R has gained a central place in the hydrological sciences over the last decade, driven by the availability of diverse hydro-meteorological data archives and the development of open-source computational tools. The ... ...

Abstract	The open-source programming language R has gained a central place in the hydrological sciences over the last decade, driven by the availability of diverse hydro-meteorological data archives and the development of open-source computational tools. The growth of R's usage in hydrology is reflected in the number of newly published hydrological packages, the strengthening of online user communities, and the popularity of training courses and events. In this paper, we explore the benefits and advantages of R's usage in hydrology, such as the democratization of data science and numerical literacy, the enhancement of reproducible research and open science, the access to statistical tools, the ease of connecting R to and from other languages, and the support provided by a growing community. This paper provides an overview of a typical hydrological workflow based on reproducible principles and packages for retrieval of hydro-meteorological data, spatial analysis, hydrological modelling, statistics, and the design of static and dynamic visualizations and documents. We discuss some of the challenges that arise when using R in hydrology and useful tools to overcome them, including the use of hydrological libraries, documentation, and vignettes (long-form guides that illustrate how to use packages); the role of integrated development environments (IDEs); and the challenges of big data and parallel computing in hydrology. Lastly, this paper provides a roadmap for R's future within hydrology, with R packages as a driver of progress in the hydrological sciences, application programming interfaces (APIs) providing new avenues for data acquisition and provision, enhanced teaching of hydrology in R, and the continued growth of the community via short courses and events.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The suite of lumped GR hydrological models in an R package

Coron, L / C. Perrin / G. Thirel / O. Delaigue / V. Andréassian

Environmental modelling & software. 2017 Aug., v. 94

2017

Abstract: Lumped hydrological models are catchment-scale representations of the transformation of precipitation into discharge. They are widely-used tools for real-time flow forecasting, flood design and climate change impact assessment, and they are often used ... ...

Abstract	Lumped hydrological models are catchment-scale representations of the transformation of precipitation into discharge. They are widely-used tools for real-time flow forecasting, flood design and climate change impact assessment, and they are often used for training and educational purposes. This article presents an R-package, airGR, to facilitate the implementation of the GR lumped hydrological models (including GR4J) and a snow-accumulation and melt model. The package allows users to calibrate and run hourly to annual models on catchment sets and to analyse their outputs. While the core of the models is implemented in Fortran, the user can manage the input/output data within R. A number of options and plotting functions are proposed to ease automate tests and analyses of the results. The codes are flexible enough to include external models, other calibration routines or efficiency criteria. To illustrate the features of airGR, we present one application example for a French mountainous catchment.
Keywords	climate change ; computer software ; hydrologic models ; melting ; mountains ; watersheds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-08
Size	p. 166-171.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	1364-8152
DOI	10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.05.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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