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  1. Article ; Online: Atmospheric inversion of the surface CO 2 flux with 13 CO 2 constraint

    J. M. Chen / G. Mo / F. Deng

    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol 13, Iss 10, Pp 26529-

    2013  Volume 26578

    Abstract: Observations of 13 CO 2 at 73 sites compiled in the GLOBALVIEW database are used for an additional constraint in a global atmospheric inversion of the surface CO 2 flux using CO 2 observations at 210 sites for the 2002–2004 period for 39 land regions and ...

    Abstract Observations of 13 CO 2 at 73 sites compiled in the GLOBALVIEW database are used for an additional constraint in a global atmospheric inversion of the surface CO 2 flux using CO 2 observations at 210 sites for the 2002–2004 period for 39 land regions and 11 ocean regions. This constraint is implemented using the 13 CO 2 /CO 2 flux ratio modeled with a terrestrial ecosystem model and an ocean model. These models simulate 13 CO 2 discrimination rates of terrestrial photosynthesis and respiration and ocean-atmosphere diffusion processes. In both models, the 13 CO 2 disequilibrium between fluxes to and from the atmosphere is considered due to the historical change in atmospheric 13 CO 2 concentration. For the 2002–2004 period, the 13 CO 2 constraint on the inversion increases the total land carbon sink from 3.40 to 3.70 Pg C yr −1 and decreases the total oceanic carbon sink from 1.48 to 1.12 Pg C yr −1 . The largest changes occur in tropical areas: a considerable decrease in the carbon source in the Amazon forest, and this decrease is mostly compensated by increases in the ocean region immediately west of the Amazon and the southeast Asian land region. Our further investigation through different treatments of the 13 CO 2 /CO 2 flux ratio used in the inversion suggests that variable spatial distributions of the 13 CO 2 isotopic discrimination rate simulated by the models over land and ocean have considerable impacts on the spatial distribution of the inverted CO 2 flux over land and the inversion results are not sensitive to errors in the estimated disequilibria over land and ocean.
    Keywords Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; DOAJ:Environmental Sciences ; DOAJ:Earth and Environmental Sciences ; Geophysics. Cosmic physics ; QC801-809
    Subject code 333 ; 290
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Copernicus Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Atmospheric inversion of surface carbon flux with consideration of the spatial distribution of US crop production and consumption

    J. M. Chen / J. W. Fung / G. Mo / F. Deng / T. O. West

    Biogeosciences, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 323-

    2015  Volume 343

    Abstract: In order to improve quantification of the spatial distribution of carbon sinks and sources in the conterminous US, we conduct a nested global atmospheric inversion with detailed spatial information on crop production and consumption. County-level ... ...

    Abstract In order to improve quantification of the spatial distribution of carbon sinks and sources in the conterminous US, we conduct a nested global atmospheric inversion with detailed spatial information on crop production and consumption. County-level cropland net primary productivity, harvested biomass, soil carbon change, and human and livestock consumption data over the conterminous US are used for this purpose. Time-dependent Bayesian synthesis inversions are conducted based on CO 2 observations at 210 stations to infer CO 2 fluxes globally at monthly time steps with a nested focus on 30 regions in North America. Prior land surface carbon fluxes are first generated using a biospheric model, and the inversions are constrained using prior fluxes with and without adjustments for crop production and consumption over the 2002–2007 period. After these adjustments, the inverted regional carbon sink in the US Midwest increases from 0.25 ± 0.03 to 0.42 ± 0.13 Pg C yr −1 , whereas the large sink in the US southeast forest region is weakened from 0.41 ± 0.12 to 0.29 ± 0.12 Pg C yr −1 . These adjustments also reduce the inverted sink in the west region from 0.066 ± 0.04 to 0.040 ± 0.02 Pg C yr −1 because of high crop consumption and respiration by humans and livestock. The general pattern of sink increases in crop production areas and sink decreases (or source increases) in crop consumption areas highlights the importance of considering the lateral carbon transfer in crop products in atmospheric inverse modeling, which provides a reliable atmospheric perspective of the overall carbon balance at the continental scale but is unreliable for separating fluxes from different ecosystems.
    Keywords Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Life ; QH501-531 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Copernicus Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Atmospheric inversion of the surface carbon flux with consideration of the spatial distributions of US crop production and consumption

    J. M. Chen / J. W. Fung / G. Mo / F. Deng / T. O. West

    Biogeosciences Discussions, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 6069-

    2014  Volume 6117

    Abstract: In order to improve quantification of the spatial distribution of carbon sinks and sources in the conterminous USA, we conduct a~nested global atmospheric inversion with consideration of the spatial information of crop production and consumption. ... ...

    Abstract In order to improve quantification of the spatial distribution of carbon sinks and sources in the conterminous USA, we conduct a~nested global atmospheric inversion with consideration of the spatial information of crop production and consumption. Spatially distributed county-level cropland net primary productivity, harvested biomass, soil carbon change, and human and livestock consumption data over the conterminous USA are used for this purpose. Time-dependent Bayesian synthesis inversions are conducted based on CO 2 observations at 210 stations to infer CO 2 fluxes globally at monthly time steps with a nested focus on 30 regions in North America. Prior land surface carbon fluxes are first generated using a biospheric model, and the inversions are constrained using prior fluxes with and without adjustments for crop production and consumption over the 2002–2007 period. After these adjustments, the inverted regional carbon sink in the US Midwest increases from 0.25 ± 0.03 Pg C yr −1 to 0.42 ± 0.13 Pg C yr −1 , whereas the large sink in the US Southeast forest region is weakened from 0.41 ± 0.12 Pg C yr −1 to 0.29 ± 0.12 Pg C yr −1 . These adjustments also reduce the inverted sink in the West region from 0.066 ± 0.04 Pg C yr −1 to 0.040 ± 0.02 Pg C yr −1 because of high crop consumption and respiration by humans and livestock. The general pattern of sink increase in crop production areas and sink decreases (or source increases) in crop consumption areas highlights the importance of considering the lateral carbon transfer in crop products in atmospheric inverse modeling, which provides an atmospheric perspective of the overall carbon balance of a region.
    Keywords Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Evolution ; QH359-425 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Life ; QH501-531
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Copernicus Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Quantitative assessment of the effects of beta-glucan consumption on serum lipid profile and glucose level in hypercholesterolemic subjects

    Zhu, X / C. Zhang / G. Mo / J. Liang / M. Wang / S. Zhu / X. Sun / Y. Cao

    Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. 2015 Aug., v. 25, no. 8

    2015  

    Abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests that beta-glucan derived from oats or barley can reduce cardiovascular disease risk through reductions in serum lipids. However, the effects of beta-glucan on lipid changes in hypercholesterolemic patient groups are ... ...

    Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that beta-glucan derived from oats or barley can reduce cardiovascular disease risk through reductions in serum lipids. However, the effects of beta-glucan on lipid changes in hypercholesterolemic patient groups are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the effect of beta-glucan, a marker of water-soluble fiber, on various lipid parameters and glucose level in hypercholesterolemic subjects.We performed a comprehensive literature search to identify the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of beta-glucan consumption in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for net changes in lipid concentrations by using fixed-effects or random-effects models according to heterogeneity. Publication bias, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were also performed. Seventeen eligible RCTs with 916 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled result showed that beta-glucan consumption in hypercholesterolemic population significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC) (MD, −0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.33 to −0.18; P < 0.00001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentration (MD, −0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.27 to −0.14; P < 0.00001). However, there were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and glucose. No adverse effects were reported among the eligible trials.Our meta-analysis showed that beta-glucan consumption significantly decreased TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but did not affect TG, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
    Keywords adverse effects ; barley ; beta-glucans ; blood lipids ; cardiovascular diseases ; confidence interval ; glucose ; high density lipoprotein cholesterol ; hypercholesterolemia ; lipid content ; low density lipoprotein cholesterol ; meta-analysis ; metabolism ; models ; oats ; patients ; randomized clinical trials ; risk ; triacylglycerols ; water solubility
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-08
    Size p. 714-723.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1067704-5
    ISSN 0939-4753
    ISSN 0939-4753
    DOI 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.008
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Evaluation of the impact of transportation changes on air quality

    Titos, G / F.J. Olmo / G. Močnik / H. Lyamani / L. Alados-Arboledas / L. Drinovec

    Atmospheric environment. 2015 Aug., v. 114

    2015  

    Abstract: Transport regulation at local level for the abatement of air pollution has gained significant traction in the EU. In this work, we analyze the effect of different transportation changes on air quality in two similarly sized cities: Granada (Spain) and ... ...

    Abstract Transport regulation at local level for the abatement of air pollution has gained significant traction in the EU. In this work, we analyze the effect of different transportation changes on air quality in two similarly sized cities: Granada (Spain) and Ljubljana (Slovenia). Several air pollutants were measured at both sites before and after the implementation of the changes. In Ljubljana, a 72% reduction of local black carbon (BC), from 5.6 to 1.6 μg/m3, was observed after the restriction was implemented. In Granada, statistically significant reductions of 1.3 μg/m3 (37%) in BC and of 15 μg/m3 (33%) in PM10 concentrations were observed after the public transportation re-organization. However, the improvement observed in air quality was very local since other areas of the cities did not improve significantly. We show that closing streets to private traffic, renewal of the bus fleet and re-organization of the public transportation significantly benefit air quality.
    Keywords air ; air pollution ; air quality ; atmospheric chemistry ; carbon ; cities ; European Union ; particulates ; pollutants ; public transportation ; traffic ; Slovenia ; Spain
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-08
    Size p. 19-31.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 216368-8
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.027
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Spatial and temporal variability of carbonaceous aerosols: Assessing the impact of biomass burning in the urban environment

    Titos, G / A. Alastuey / A. Cazorla / A. del Águila / C. Colombi / E. Cuccia / F.J. Olmo / G. Močnik / H. Lyamani / J.A. Casquero-Vera / L. Alados-Arboledas / V. Gianelle

    Science of the total environment. 2017 Feb. 01, v. 578

    2017  

    Abstract: Biomass burning (BB) is a significant source of atmospheric particles in many parts of the world. Whereas many studies have demonstrated the importance of BB emissions in central and northern Europe, especially in rural areas, its impact in urban air ... ...

    Abstract Biomass burning (BB) is a significant source of atmospheric particles in many parts of the world. Whereas many studies have demonstrated the importance of BB emissions in central and northern Europe, especially in rural areas, its impact in urban air quality of southern European countries has been sparsely investigated. In this study, highly time resolved multi-wavelength absorption coefficients together with levoglucosan (BB tracer) mass concentrations were combined to apportion carbonaceous aerosol sources. The Aethalometer model takes advantage of the different spectral behavior of BB and fossil fuel (FF) combustion aerosols. The model was found to be more sensitive to the assumed value of the aerosol Ångström exponent (AAE) for FF (AAEff) than to the AAE for BB (AAEbb). As result of various sensitivity tests the model was optimized with AAEff=1.1 and AAEbb=2. The Aethalometer model and levoglucosan tracer estimates were in good agreement. The Aethalometer model was further applied to data from three sites in Granada urban area to evaluate the spatial variation of CMff and CMbb (carbonaceous matter from FF or BB origin, respectively) concentrations within the city. The results showed that CMbb was lower in the city centre while it has an unexpected profound impact on the CM levels measured in the suburbs (about 40%). Analysis of BB tracers with respect to wind speed suggested that BB was dominated by sources outside the city, to the west in a rural area. Distinguishing whether it corresponds to agricultural waste burning or with biomass burning for domestic heating was not possible. This study also shows that although traffic restrictions measures contribute to reduce carbonaceous concentrations, the extent of the reduction is very local. Other sources such as BB, which can contribute to CM as much as traffic emissions, should be targeted to reduce air pollution.
    Keywords absorption ; aerosols ; agricultural wastes ; air pollution ; air quality ; biomass ; burning ; combustion ; emissions ; fossil fuels ; heat ; models ; rural areas ; temporal variation ; tracer techniques ; traffic ; urban areas ; wind speed ; Northern European region ; Southern European region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-0201
    Size p. 613-625.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.007
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Determination of trace elements in goat and ovine milk from Calabria (Italy) by ICP-AES

    Licata, P / Di Bella, G / Potortì, A.G / Lo Turco, V / Salvo, A / Dugo, G.mo

    Food additives & contaminants. Part B: Surveillance. 2012 Dec. 1, v. 5, no. 4

    2012  

    Abstract: There are many sources of contamination to which milk could be exposed: grazing animals can ingest contaminants present in nature, such as lead in soil, or that have been deposited on grass, resulting from industrial emissions. Another possible route of ... ...

    Abstract There are many sources of contamination to which milk could be exposed: grazing animals can ingest contaminants present in nature, such as lead in soil, or that have been deposited on grass, resulting from industrial emissions. Another possible route of contamination is represented by feed for animals, which may contain heavy and essential metals. The potential of high-resolution inductively coupled plasma spectrometry was evaluated to quantify reliably various toxic and essential elements (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Cd) in 47 samples of goat and ovine milk from various farms in Calabria (southern Italy). The results showed that concentrations of cadmium were below the limit of detection. Lead levels were below the maximum limits as set by the EC in almost all samples tested. The highest values were those of Zn followed by Fe, Cu and Se.
    Keywords arsenic ; cadmium ; chromium ; copper ; detection limit ; emissions ; ewe milk ; farms ; goats ; grasses ; grazing ; iron ; lead ; milk ; nickel ; selenium ; soil ; spectroscopy ; toxicity ; zinc ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-1201
    Size p. 268-271.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis Group
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2447868-4
    ISSN 1939-3229 ; 1939-3210
    ISSN (online) 1939-3229
    ISSN 1939-3210
    DOI 10.1080/19393210.2012.705335
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Phthalate, adipate and sebacate residues by HRGC-MS in olive oils from Sicily and Molise (Italy)

    Dugo, G. mo / Fotia, V / Lo Turco, V / Maisano, R / Potortì, A.G / Salvo, A / Di Bella, G

    Food control. 2011 June, v. 22, no. 6

    2011  

    Abstract: Phthalate, adipate and sebacate esters contamination in olive oils produced in Sicily in the crop years 2006-2009 and in Molise in the crop years 2007-2008 was studied by HRGC-MS. The statistical elaboration of plasticizer data was performed to compare ... ...

    Abstract Phthalate, adipate and sebacate esters contamination in olive oils produced in Sicily in the crop years 2006-2009 and in Molise in the crop years 2007-2008 was studied by HRGC-MS. The statistical elaboration of plasticizer data was performed to compare the contamination of the Sicilian samples with those of the samples produced in Molise in the same crop years and to compare the contamination of the Sicilian samples produced in three consecutive crop years. In all analyzed samples DEA, DiHP, DOP, and DEHS residues were always less than their LOQ. Furthermore in Sicilian olive oils were not found residues of DBA and DiDP, while DiBP, BBP and DEHP were found to be the phthalates most abundants. In Molise olive oils there were not residues of DiBA, DMP and DEP, while DiNP and DiDP are the most abundants. Among all plasticizers found only DEHP was observed stronger that its proposed limit by BNN (3 mg/kg) in 9.1% of Molise olive oils and in 27.27% of Sicilian samples of the year 2007-2008. Finally, plasticizer values found in this study were compared with those obtained earlier in olive oils produced in Sicily in the crop years 2002-2003. The results showed that the contamination has not decreased.
    Keywords crop year ; olive oil ; phthalates ; plasticizers ; Italy ; Sicily
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-06
    Size p. 982-988.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1027805-9
    ISSN 0956-7135
    ISSN 0956-7135
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.12.006
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Determination of trace elements in goat and ovine milk from Calabria (Italy) by ICP-AES.

    Licata, P / Di Bella, G / Potortì, A G / Lo Turco, V / Salvo, A / Dugo, G Mo

    Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance

    2012  Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 268–271

    Abstract: There are many sources of contamination to which milk could be exposed: grazing animals can ingest contaminants present in nature, such as lead in soil, or that have been deposited on grass, resulting from industrial emissions. Another possible route of ... ...

    Abstract There are many sources of contamination to which milk could be exposed: grazing animals can ingest contaminants present in nature, such as lead in soil, or that have been deposited on grass, resulting from industrial emissions. Another possible route of contamination is represented by feed for animals, which may contain heavy and essential metals. The potential of high-resolution inductively coupled plasma spectrometry was evaluated to quantify reliably various toxic and essential elements (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Cd) in 47 samples of goat and ovine milk from various farms in Calabria (southern Italy). The results showed that concentrations of cadmium were below the limit of detection. Lead levels were below the maximum limits as set by the EC in almost all samples tested. The highest values were those of Zn followed by Fe, Cu and Se.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diet ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Goats ; Humans ; Italy ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Milk/chemistry ; Sheep ; Trace Elements/analysis
    Chemical Substances Metals, Heavy ; Trace Elements
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2447868-4
    ISSN 1939-3229 ; 1939-3210
    ISSN (online) 1939-3229
    ISSN 1939-3210
    DOI 10.1080/19393210.2012.705335
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Classification of the geographical origin of Italian donkey's milk based on differences in inorganic anions

    Di Bella, G / Lo Turco, V / Potortì, A.G / Luppino, R.R / Fotia, V / Conte, F / Dugo, G. mo

    Food additives & contaminants. 2012 July 1, v. 29, no. 7

    2012  

    Abstract: The content of chlorides, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates was used to classify 45 donkey's milk samples collected from different Italian regions. A method employing ion exchange chromatography with conductivity detector and chemical ... ...

    Abstract The content of chlorides, nitrites, nitrates, phosphates and sulphates was used to classify 45 donkey's milk samples collected from different Italian regions. A method employing ion exchange chromatography with conductivity detector and chemical suppression was used. The quantitative results indicated phosphates (569.4–1304.4 mg kg⁻¹) and chlorides (545.9–1757.9 mg kg⁻¹) as being the most abundant anions, followed by sulphates (109.5–200.7 mg kg⁻¹). The concentrations of nitrites and nitrates were found to be lower at 5.6 and 5.5 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. The data set was subdivided into three groups according to the region of origin of milk, and was statistically evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Concentrations of chlorides and nitrites showed a significant difference among farms (p < 0.001). In a first discriminant analysis procedure, functions based on linear combinations of the logₑ-transformed element concentrations of anions were generated to classify donkey's milk samples from different regions. In an alternative approach, a three-step discriminant analysis procedure to classify a milk sample was tested. The results obtained led to a correct classification of donkey's milk samples based on their anions content with 91–98% of the samples being correctly classified. The procedure proved to be very simple, so it could be used as an evaluation method for the traceability of donkey's milk, thus defending this unique product against fraud or commercial disputes.
    Keywords analysis of variance ; anions ; ass milk ; chlorides ; data collection ; discriminant analysis ; farms ; fraud ; ion exchange chromatography ; milk ; nitrates ; nitrites ; phosphates ; sulfates ; traceability
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2012-0701
    Size p. 1021-1029.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis Group
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2462951-0
    ISSN 1944-0057 ; 1944-0049
    ISSN (online) 1944-0057
    ISSN 1944-0049
    DOI 10.1080/19440049.2012.674979
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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