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  1. Article ; Online: How perceived communication skills needed for careers influences vocational stereotyping of people who stutter.

    Dew, Cody W / Gabel, Rodney M

    Journal of fluency disorders

    2024  Volume 80, Page(s) 106039

    Abstract: Purpose: Prior research has revealed people who stutter experience role entrapment in which they are discouraged from pursuing certain careers over others. The Vocational Advice Scale (VAS; Gabel et al., 2004) is a reliable survey previously used to ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Prior research has revealed people who stutter experience role entrapment in which they are discouraged from pursuing certain careers over others. The Vocational Advice Scale (VAS; Gabel et al., 2004) is a reliable survey previously used to investigate this phenomenon. This study used the VAS to determine if communication skills required for careers influences reports of role entrapment.
    Method: An online survey which included the VAS and perceptions of communication skills needed for each career listed on the VAS was distributed. Correlations between items on the two surveys were completed to investigate how communication skills influences the presence of role entrapment. In addition, a one-way analysis of variance was completed to explore differences between individuals who regularly provide career advice with those who do not.
    Results: Analysis found a significant correlation between perceived communication skills required for a career and the advice provided. As the perceived communication skills needed for a career increases, the likelihood of someone advising a person who stutters to pursue that career decreases. A one-way analysis of variance further revealed participants who regularly provide career advice did not differ from those participants who do not.
    Conclusion: Perceived communication abilities needed for a career is a significant indicator of role entrapment towards people who stutter. Results agree with previous studies which found differences in advisability of certain careers over others for people who stutter, especially those which require communication within challenging situations (e.g., judge, attorney).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 434405-4
    ISSN 1873-801X ; 0094-730X
    ISSN (online) 1873-801X
    ISSN 0094-730X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: "Openness and progress with communication and confidence have all gone hand in hand": Reflections on the experience of transitioning between concealment and openness among adults who stutter.

    Boyle, Michael P / Gabel, Rodney M

    Journal of fluency disorders

    2020  Volume 65, Page(s) 105781

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of people who stutter as they navigate through the growth process from concealment to openness.: Method: Twelve adults who stutter who are active in self-help/ ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of people who stutter as they navigate through the growth process from concealment to openness.
    Method: Twelve adults who stutter who are active in self-help/support groups for stuttering described their experiences of concealment and openness in a semi-structured interview. Purposeful selection was utilized to recruit participants who could comment thoughtfully on previous concealing, but became more open about their stuttering. A phenomenological approach was utilized to gain a deeper understanding of how people who stutter experience the transition from concealment to openness regarding their stuttering and identity. Thematic analysis contributed to identification of themes and subthemes describing participants' experiences.
    Results: Participants described precursors to concealment that led to hiding and avoidance, which grew in strength until they reached a turning point. They then changed how they related to their stuttering by changing their behaviors and perceptions of stuttering, which led to increased openness about their identity. This process of continued adaptation to stuttering was ongoing and non-linear, but suggested general trends from concealment to more openness over time. Level of openness was impacted by situational context and individual differences.
    Conclusions: The findings extend our understanding of how people who stutter navigate transitions from concealment to openness. This deeper understanding could be helpful in explaining the complexities involved in managing the identity of a person who stutters, and the process of adapting to living with stuttering over time.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Qualitative Research ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Stuttering/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 434405-4
    ISSN 1873-801X ; 0094-730X
    ISSN (online) 1873-801X
    ISSN 0094-730X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2020.105781
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Effects of stuttering severity and therapy involvement on attitudes towards people who stutter.

    Gabel, Rodney M

    Journal of fluency disorders

    2006  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 216–227

    Abstract: Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to explore whether stuttering severity or therapy involvement had an effect on the attitudes that individuals who do not stutter reported towards people who stutter (PWS). Two hundred and sixty (260) university ... ...

    Abstract Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to explore whether stuttering severity or therapy involvement had an effect on the attitudes that individuals who do not stutter reported towards people who stutter (PWS). Two hundred and sixty (260) university students participated in this study. Direct survey procedures consisting of a 25-item semantic differential scale were utilized. Comparisons of the effects of stuttering severity, level of therapy involvement, and the interaction of these variables were completed. Results suggested that both stuttering severity and therapy involvement had significant effects on participants' attitudes towards PWS. Findings of this study support past research studies that has found that individuals who stutter mildly are perceived more positively than those who are severe. Similarly, the data supported past research that has found that PWS that attend therapy are perceived more positively than those who do not attend therapy. Surprisingly, the interaction of these variables was not significant.
    Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (1) explain the possible effects of listeners' attitudes toward stuttering on the lives of PWS; (2) discuss how different factors might alter listeners' attitudes towards stuttering; (3) delineate how stuttering severity and involvement in therapy might impact listeners' attitudes towards PWS.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Attitude ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Adjustment ; Speech Therapy/psychology ; Stereotyping ; Stuttering/psychology ; Stuttering/therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 434405-4
    ISSN 0094-730X
    ISSN 0094-730X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.05.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Stereotyping and victim blaming of individuals with a laryngectomy.

    Hughes, Stephanie / Gabel, Rodney M

    Perceptual and motor skills

    2008  Volume 106, Issue 2, Page(s) 495–507

    Abstract: This study examined whether individuals with a laryngectomy are at risk for stereotyping and victim blaming. Undergraduate students (3 men and 41 women) volunteered to listen to a recording of a man who used tracheoesophageal speech or a man who was a ... ...

    Abstract This study examined whether individuals with a laryngectomy are at risk for stereotyping and victim blaming. Undergraduate students (3 men and 41 women) volunteered to listen to a recording of a man who used tracheoesophageal speech or a man who was a typical adult speaker. A written vignette was provided prior to the listening activity to assess whether knowing that the speaker did or did not have a history of smoking affected the listeners' judgments of the speaker. Semantic differential data and qualitative responses indicated that participants did not report victim blaming; however, they did report that users of tracheoesophageal speech were less highly employable than typical adult speakers. Participants also indicated they relied on the vocal characteristics of speakers and used empathy- or experienced-based reactions to make judgments about users of such speech.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Crime Victims ; Empathy ; Female ; Guilt ; Humans ; Judgment ; Laryngectomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Semantics ; Speech, Alaryngeal ; Stereotyping ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 204507-2
    ISSN 0031-5125
    ISSN 0031-5125
    DOI 10.2466/pms.106.2.495-507
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Recounting the K-12 school experiences of adults who stutter: a qualitative analysis.

    Daniels, Derek E / Gabel, Rodney M / Hughes, Stephanie

    Journal of fluency disorders

    2012  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 71–82

    Abstract: Unlabelled: This study qualitatively explored the primary and secondary (K-12) school experiences of adults who stutter. The primary investigator conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 participants, a first focus group interview with 6 ... ...

    Abstract Unlabelled: This study qualitatively explored the primary and secondary (K-12) school experiences of adults who stutter. The primary investigator conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 participants, a first focus group interview with 6 participants, and a second focus group interview with 4 participants. Participants discussed the various ways in which stuttering affected their personality; emotional and psychological experiences in the context of school; academic and learning experiences; classroom participation; teacher and peer relationships; speech therapy experiences; school activity involvement; and post-educational experiences. Results suggest that school is a complex cultural environment in which students must engage on academic and social levels. People who stutter may experience observable and unobservable challenges as they navigate the complexity of school.
    Educational objectives: After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) provide a rationale for the need to explore the school experiences of people who stutter; (2) describe the major themes associated with the school experiences of participants in the study; and (3) discuss how knowledge of school experiences can be useful to classroom teachers and speech-language pathologists.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peer Group ; Personality ; Schools ; Social Participation/psychology ; Speech Therapy/psychology ; Students/psychology ; Stuttering/psychology ; Stuttering/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 434405-4
    ISSN 1873-801X ; 0094-730X
    ISSN (online) 1873-801X
    ISSN 0094-730X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.12.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Self-acceptance of stuttering: A preliminary study.

    De Nardo, Thales / Gabel, Rodney M / Tetnowski, John A / Swartz, Eric R

    Journal of communication disorders

    2016  Volume 60, Page(s) 27–38

    Abstract: Purpose: This study explored the relationship between self-acceptance of stuttering and (1) psychosocial factors (self-esteem, hostility towards others, emotional support, and perceived discrimination); (2) treatment history (support group participation, ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study explored the relationship between self-acceptance of stuttering and (1) psychosocial factors (self-esteem, hostility towards others, emotional support, and perceived discrimination); (2) treatment history (support group participation, therapy duration, and perceived therapy success); and (3) previously reported variables in self-acceptance of stuttering, which include age and stuttering severity.
    Method: Participants were 80 adults who stutter who were recruited with assistance from the National Stuttering Association and Board Certified Specialists in Fluency Disorders. Participants completed an electronic survey composed of an acceptance of stuttering scale, psychosocial scales, and a participant information questionnaire.
    Results: Statistical analysis identified significant correlations between participants' reports of self-acceptance of stuttering and self-esteem, perceived discrimination, hostility towards others, and perceived therapy outcome. Self-esteem was positively correlated with self-acceptance, while hostility towards others and perceived discrimination was negatively correlated with self-acceptance. Participants who perceived their therapy outcome to be successful were significantly more likely to report higher levels of self-acceptance. No significant relationships were found between self-acceptance of stuttering and support group participation, emotional support, stuttering severity, and participant age.
    Conclusion: This exploratory investigation has provided a foundation for future studies on the self-acceptance of stuttering. The findings indicate common psychosocial variables in self-acceptance of stuttering and of other disabilities. The significant relationships between self-acceptance of stuttering and psychosocial and therapeutic variables found need to be further explored to identify its causalities and clinical implications.
    Learning outcomes: The reader will be able to (1) discuss the importance of assessing self-acceptance of stuttering, (2) summarize the literature on self-acceptance of disability, and (3) describe the significant findings related to self-acceptance of stuttering and psychosocial, therapeutic variables.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Discrimination ; Social Support ; Stuttering/psychology ; Stuttering/therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3011-9
    ISSN 1873-7994 ; 0021-9924
    ISSN (online) 1873-7994
    ISSN 0021-9924
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2016.02.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Evidence-based guidelines for being supportive of people who stutter in North America.

    St Louis, Kenneth O / Irani, Farzan / Gabel, Rodney M / Hughes, Stephanie / Langevin, Marilyn / Rodriguez, Midori / Scott, Kathleen Scaler / Weidner, Mary E

    Journal of fluency disorders

    2017  Volume 53, Page(s) 1–13

    Abstract: Purpose: While many resources, particularly those available on the Internet, provide suggestions for fluent speakers as they interact with people who stutter (PWS), little evidence exists to support these suggestions. Thus, the purpose of this study was ...

    Abstract Purpose: While many resources, particularly those available on the Internet, provide suggestions for fluent speakers as they interact with people who stutter (PWS), little evidence exists to support these suggestions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to document the supportiveness of common public reactions, behaviors, or interventions to stuttering by PWS.Methods 148 PWS completed the Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering-Adults. Additionally, a comparison of the opinions of adults who stutter based on gender and their involvement in self-help/support groups was undertaken. Results Many of the Internet-based suggestions for interacting with PWS are aligned with the opinions of the participants of this study. Significant differences were found amongst people who stutter on the basis of gender and involvement in self-help groups.Conclusions Lists of "DOs and DON'Ts" that are readily available on the Internet are largely supported by the data in this study; however, the findings highlight the need for changing the emphasis from strict rules for interacting with people who stutter to more flexible principles that keep the needs of individual PWS in mind.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 434405-4
    ISSN 1873-801X ; 0094-730X
    ISSN (online) 1873-801X
    ISSN 0094-730X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.05.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Effects of stuttering severity and therapy involvement on role entrapment of people who stutter.

    Gabel, Rodney M / Hughes, Stephanie / Daniels, Derek

    Journal of communication disorders

    2007  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 146–158

    Abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether a group of university students would report role entrapment of people who stutter (PWS) in the form of occupational stereotyping. The study also examined whether severity of stuttering (mild or ... ...

    Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether a group of university students would report role entrapment of people who stutter (PWS) in the form of occupational stereotyping. The study also examined whether severity of stuttering (mild or severe) and level of therapy involvement (choosing or not choosing to attend therapy) affected the perceptions of role entrapment. To examine these issues, 260 students completed the Vocational Advice Scale (VAS) [Gabel, R. M., Blood, G. W., Tellis, G., & Althouse, M. T. (2004). Measuring role entrapment of people who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29, 27-49]. Results suggested that stuttering severity and the level of therapy involvement did not appear alter the judges' reports for all of the careers except for the career of speech therapist. For the career of speech therapist, therapy involvement improved the participants' reports and stuttering severity had no effect. Additionally, findings suggested that university students reported that 16 of the careers listed on the VAS were appropriate choices for people who stutter and were less certain about advising for 27 of the careers. Thus, the findings from this study do not support the notion that stuttering leads to role entrapment in the form vocational stereotyping and variations in therapy involvement or stuttering severity do not change perceptions of role entrapment. LEARNER OUTCOMES: The reader will be able to (1) identify common stereotypes of PWS, (2) describe the possible effects of stereotyping and role entrapment, and (3) describe the effects of severity and therapy involvement of role entrapment of PWS.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Role ; Self Concept ; Severity of Illness Index ; Speech Therapy/methods ; Stuttering/diagnosis ; Stuttering/psychology ; Stuttering/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-09-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3011-9
    ISSN 1873-7994 ; 0021-9924
    ISSN (online) 1873-7994
    ISSN 0021-9924
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2007.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: A qualitative study of how African American men who stutter attribute meaning to identity and life choices.

    Daniels, Derek E / Hagstrom, Fran / Gabel, Rodney M

    Journal of fluency disorders

    2006  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 200–215

    Abstract: Unlabelled: To date, few studies have explored the life experience of people who stutter. In addition, few qualitative studies have been conducted with people who stutter of historically disadvantaged race-ethnic groups. This study was designed to ... ...

    Abstract Unlabelled: To date, few studies have explored the life experience of people who stutter. In addition, few qualitative studies have been conducted with people who stutter of historically disadvantaged race-ethnic groups. This study was designed to explore how African American men who stutter view communication, identity and life choices. A qualitative approach was used that focused on the life experiences of African American men who stutter. Six men who identified themselves as both African American and people who stutter participated in this study. The primary investigator conducted an initial 60 to 90 minute semistructured, videotaped interview with each participant. Transcriptions were made of these sessions, and analyzed for major and minor themes. Each participant returned approximately a week later to review the data analysis. Results indicated that the interaction of communication, ethnicity, and culture affected how the participants perceived themselves, their stuttering, and their life choices.
    Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (1) explain the importance of culture in the life experiences of people who stutter, (2) discuss how qualitative methodology can be clinically useful when working with people who stutter, and (3) describe the major themes associated with the six participants in this study.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; African Americans/psychology ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Social Identification ; Stuttering/psychology ; Videotape Recording
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 434405-4
    ISSN 0094-730X
    ISSN 0094-730X
    DOI 10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.05.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: A pilot exploration of speech sound disorder intervention delivered by telehealth to school-age children.

    Grogan-Johnson, Susan / Gabel, Rodney M / Taylor, Jacquelyn / Rowan, Lynne E / Alvares, Robin / Schenker, Jason

    International journal of telerehabilitation

    2011  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 31–42

    Abstract: This article describes a school-based telehealth service delivery model and reports outcomes made by school-age students with speech sound disorders in a rural Ohio school district. Speech therapy using computer-based speech sound intervention materials ... ...

    Abstract This article describes a school-based telehealth service delivery model and reports outcomes made by school-age students with speech sound disorders in a rural Ohio school district. Speech therapy using computer-based speech sound intervention materials was provided either by live interactive videoconferencing (telehealth), or conventional side-by-side intervention. Progress was measured using pre- and post-intervention scores on the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation-2 (Goldman & Fristoe, 2002). Students in both service delivery models made significant improvements in speech sound production, with students in the telehealth condition demonstrating greater mastery of their Individual Education Plan (IEP) goals. Live interactive videoconferencing thus appears to be a viable method for delivering intervention for speech sound disorders to children in a rural, public school setting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2616874-1
    ISSN 1945-2020
    ISSN 1945-2020
    DOI 10.5195/ijt.2011.6064
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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