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  1. Article ; Online: Permafrost dynamics and the risk of anthrax transmission: a modelling study.

    Stella, Elisa / Mari, Lorenzo / Gabrieli, Jacopo / Barbante, Carlo / Bertuzzo, Enrico

    Scientific reports

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 16460

    Abstract: A recent outbreak of anthrax disease, severely affecting reindeer herds in Siberia, has been reportedly associated to the presence of infected carcasses or spores released from the active layer over permafrost, which is thawing and thickening at ... ...

    Abstract A recent outbreak of anthrax disease, severely affecting reindeer herds in Siberia, has been reportedly associated to the presence of infected carcasses or spores released from the active layer over permafrost, which is thawing and thickening at increasing rates, thus underlying the re-emerging nature of this pathogen in the Arctic region because of warming temperatures. Anthrax is a global zoonotic and epizootic disease, with a high case-fatality ratio in infected animals. Its transmission is mediated by environmental contamination through highly resistant spores which can persist in the soil for several decades. Here we develop and analyze a new epidemiological model for anthrax transmission that is specifically tailored to the Arctic environmental conditions. The model describes transmission dynamics including also herding practices (e.g. seasonal grazing) and the role of the active layer over permafrost acting as a long-term storage of spores that could be viable for disease transmission during thawing periods. Model dynamics are investigated through linear stability analysis, Floquet theory for periodically forced systems, and a series of simulations with realistic forcings. Results show how the temporal variability of grazing and active layer thawing may influence the dynamics of anthrax disease and, specifically, favor sustained pathogen transmission. Particularly warm years, favoring deep active layers, are shown to be associated with an increase risk of anthrax outbreaks, and may also foster infections in the following years. Our results enable preliminary insights into measures (e.g. changes in herding practice) that may be adopted to decrease the risk of infection and lay the basis to possibly establish optimal procedures for preventing transmission; furthermore, they elicit the need of further investigations and observation campaigns focused on anthrax dynamics in the Arctic environment.
    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Animals ; Anthrax/epidemiology ; Anthrax/transmission ; Anthrax/virology ; Arctic Regions ; Bacillus anthracis/physiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Models, Theoretical ; Permafrost/virology ; Population Dynamics ; Reindeer/virology ; Risk Factors ; Siberia ; Soil Microbiology ; Spores, Bacterial/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-72440-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Vanillic and Syringic Acids in Ice Cores

    Barbaro, Elena / Feltracco, Matteo / Spagnesi, Azzurra / Dallo, Federico / Gabrieli, Jacopo / De Blasi, Fabrizio / Zannoni, Daniele / Cairns, Warren R.L. / Gambaro, Andrea / Barbante, Carlo

    Analytical chemistry. 2022 Mar. 23, v. 94, no. 13

    2022  

    Abstract: The development of new analytical systems and the improvement of the existing ones to obtain high-resolution measurements of chemical markers in samples from ice cores, is one of the main challenges the paleoclimatic scientific community is facing. ... ...

    Abstract The development of new analytical systems and the improvement of the existing ones to obtain high-resolution measurements of chemical markers in samples from ice cores, is one of the main challenges the paleoclimatic scientific community is facing. Different chemical species can be used as markers for tracking emission sources or specific environmental processes. Although some markers, such as methane sulfonic acid (a proxy of marine productivity), are commonly used, there is a lack of data on other organic tracers in ice cores, making their continuous analysis analytically challenging. Here, we present an innovative combination of fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) to continuously determine organic markers in ice cores. After specific optimization, this approach was applied to the quantification of vanillic and syringic acids, two specific markers for biomass burning. Using the validated method, detection limits of 3.6 and 4.6 pg mL–¹ for vanillic and syringic acids, respectively, were achieved. Thanks to the coupling of FLC-MS/MS with the continuous flow analytical system, we obtained one measurement every 30 s, which corresponds to a sampling resolution of a sample every 1.5 cm with a melting rate of 3.0 cm min–¹. To check the robustness of the method, we analyzed two parallel sticks of an alpine ice core over more than 5 h. Vanillic acid was found with concentrations in the range of picograms per milliliter, suggesting the combustion of coniferous trees, which are found throughout the Italian Alps.
    Keywords analytical chemistry ; biomass ; chemical species ; combustion ; ice ; liquid chromatography ; methane ; paleoclimatology ; sulfonic acids ; tandem mass spectrometry ; vanillic acid
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0323
    Size p. 5344-5351.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1508-8
    ISSN 1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
    ISSN (online) 1520-6882
    ISSN 0003-2700
    DOI 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05412
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Airborne polar pesticides in rural and mountain sites of North-Eastern Italy: An emerging air quality issue

    Feltracco, Matteo / Barbaro, Elena / Maule, Francesca / Bortolini, Mara / Gabrieli, Jacopo / De Blasi, Fabrizio / Cairns, Warren RL. / Dallo, Federico / Zangrando, Roberta / Barbante, Carlo / Gambaro, Andrea

    Environmental pollution. 2022 Sept. 01, v. 308

    2022  

    Abstract: North-Eastern Italy and in particular Veneto Region, stands out as a major centre of agriculture and viticulture which has rapidly expanded in the last decade with high productivity indexes. In this context, assessing atmospheric pollution caused by crop ...

    Abstract North-Eastern Italy and in particular Veneto Region, stands out as a major centre of agriculture and viticulture which has rapidly expanded in the last decade with high productivity indexes. In this context, assessing atmospheric pollution caused by crop spraying with pesticides in rural areas and their transport to high-altitude remote sites is crucial to provide a basis for understanding possible impacts on the environment and population health. We aim to improve existing methods with a highly sensitive technique by using high pressure anion exchange chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Thus, a total of fourteen polar pesticides were determined in aerosol samples collected from August to December 2021 at Roncade (Venetian plain) and Col Margherita Observatory (Dolomites). The observatory was chosen as the background site as it is representative of the surrounding alpine region. Some samples revealed a substantial amount of cyanuric acid mainly at Roncade (mean concentration of 10 ± 10 ng m⁻³), glyphosate and fosetyl-aluminium (0.1 ± 0.2 and 0.1 ± 0.1 ng m⁻³, respectively). Surprisingly, some pesticides have been also found at Col Margherita, a high mountain background site, with concentrations an order of magnitude lower than at Roncade. This is the first time that fourteen polar pesticides have been assessed in the aerosol phase of the Po’ Valley and detected at a high-altitude remote site, and consequently this study provides the first data on their occurrences in Italian aerosols. It represents a basis for the assessment of risks for humans.
    Keywords aerosols ; air pollution ; air quality ; altitude ; anion exchange chromatography ; glyphosate ; spectrometers ; viticulture ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0901
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119657
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: An upgraded CFA - FLC - MS/MS system for the semi-continuous detection of levoglucosan in ice cores.

    Spagnesi, Azzurra / Barbaro, Elena / Feltracco, Matteo / De Blasi, Fabrizio / Zannoni, Daniele / Dreossi, Giuliano / Petteni, Agnese / Notø, Hanne / Lodi, Rachele / Gabrieli, Jacopo / Holzinger, Rupert / Gambaro, Andrea / Barbante, Carlo

    Talanta

    2023  Volume 265, Page(s) 124799

    Abstract: A new Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system coupled with Fast Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) has been recently developed for determining organic markers in ice cores. In this work we present an upgrade of this innovative ... ...

    Abstract A new Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system coupled with Fast Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) has been recently developed for determining organic markers in ice cores. In this work we present an upgrade of this innovative technique, optimized for the detection of levoglucosan in ice cores, a crucial tracer for reconstructing past fires. The upgrade involved a specific optimization of the chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters, allowing for a higher sampling resolution (down to 1 cm) and the simultaneous collection of discrete samples, for off-line analysis of water stable isotopes and additional chemical markers. The robustness and repeatability of the method has been tested by the analysis of multiple sticks of ice cut from the same shallow alpine ice core, and running the system for several hours on different days. The results show similar and comparable trends between the ice sticks. With this upgraded system, a higher sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LOD) was achieved compared to discrete analysis of alpine samples for levoglucosan measurements. The new LOD was as low as 66 ng L
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1500969-5
    ISSN 1873-3573 ; 0039-9140
    ISSN (online) 1873-3573
    ISSN 0039-9140
    DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124799
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online: Chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols at a high-altitude mountain site

    Barbaro, Elena / Feltracco, Matteo / Blasi, Fabrizio / Turetta, Clara / Radaelli, Marta / Cairns, Warren / Cozzi, Giulio / Mazzi, Giovanna / Casula, Marco / Gabrieli, Jacopo / Barbante, Carlo / Gambaro, Andrea

    eISSN: 1680-7324

    a study of source apportionment

    2024  

    Abstract: The study of aerosols in high mountain regions is essential because particulate matter can play a role in altering the energy balance of high mountain regions, and aerosols can accelerate glacier melting in high mountain areas by darkening the ice ... ...

    Abstract The study of aerosols in high mountain regions is essential because particulate matter can play a role in altering the energy balance of high mountain regions, and aerosols can accelerate glacier melting in high mountain areas by darkening the ice surface, reducing its reflectivity (albedo). Studying aerosols in high mountain areas provides insights into long-range transport of pollutants, atmospheric dynamics, and climate change impacts. These regions can serve as valuable observatories for studying atmospheric processes. The main aim of this paper is to define the main sources of aerosols over an entire year of sampling at the Col Margherita Atmospheric Observatory (MRG; 46°22 ′ 0.059 ′′ N, 11°47 ′ 30.911 ′′ E; 2543 m a.s.l.), a high-altitude background site in the eastern Italian Alps. Here, we discuss the potential origins of more than 100 chemical markers (major ions, water-soluble organic compounds, trace elements, and rare earth elements) using different approaches. Some diagnostic ratios were applied, but source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to define the main inputs of PM 10 collected at this high-altitude site, resulting in the identification of four factors: (1) Saharan dust events, (2) long-range marine/anthropogenic influence, (3) biogenic sources, and (4) biomass-burning and anthropogenic emissions. It can be inferred that, despite the distant location of the Col Margherita site, both regional pollution and long-range anthropogenic pollution have discernible effects on this area.
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: Chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols at a high-altitude mountain site

    Barbaro, Elena / Feltracco, Matteo / Blasi, Fabrizio / Turetta, Clara / Radaelli, Marta / Cairns, Warren / Cozzi, Giulio / Mazzi, Giovanna / Casula, Marco / Gabrieli, Jacopo / Barbante, Carlo / Gambaro, Andrea

    eISSN:

    a study of source apportionment

    2024  

    Abstract: The study of aerosols in high mountain regions is essential because particulate matter can play a role in altering the energy balance of high mountain regions, and aerosols can accelerate glacier melting in high mountain areas by darkening the ice ... ...

    Abstract The study of aerosols in high mountain regions is essential because particulate matter can play a role in altering the energy balance of high mountain regions, and aerosols can accelerate glacier melting in high mountain areas by darkening the ice surface, reducing its reflectivity (albedo). Studying aerosols in high mountain areas provides insights into long-range transport of pollutants, atmospheric dynamics, and climate change impacts. These regions can serve as valuable observatories for studying atmospheric processes. The main aim of this paper is to define the main sources of aerosols over an entire year of sampling at the Col Margherita Atmospheric Observatory (MRG; 46°22 ′ 0.059 ′′ N, 11°47 ′ 30.911 ′′ E; 2543 m a.s.l.), a high-altitude background site in the eastern Italian Alps. Here, we discuss the potential origins of more than 100 chemical markers (major ions, water-soluble organic compounds, trace elements, and rare earth elements) using different approaches. Some diagnostic ratios were applied, but source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to define the main inputs of PM 10 collected at this high-altitude site, resulting in the identification of four factors: (1) Saharan dust events, (2) long-range marine/anthropogenic influence, (3) biogenic sources, and (4) biomass-burning and anthropogenic emissions. It can be inferred that, despite the distant location of the Col Margherita site, both regional pollution and long-range anthropogenic pollution have discernible effects on this area.
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Book ; Online: Atmospheric iron supply and marine productivity in the glacial North Pacific Ocean

    Burgay, François / Spolaor, Andrea / Gabrieli, Jacopo / Cozzi, Giulio / Turetta, Clara / Vallelonga, Paul / Barbante, Carlo

    eISSN: 1814-9332

    2021  

    Abstract: Iron (Fe) is a key element in the Earth climate system, as it can enhance marine primary productivity in the high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions where, despite a high concentration of major nutrients, chlorophyll production is low due to iron ... ...

    Abstract Iron (Fe) is a key element in the Earth climate system, as it can enhance marine primary productivity in the high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions where, despite a high concentration of major nutrients, chlorophyll production is low due to iron limitation. Eolian mineral dust represents one of the main Fe sources to the oceans; thus, quantifying its variability over the last glacial cycle is crucial to evaluate its role in strengthening the biological carbon pump. Polar ice cores, which preserve detailed climate records in their stratigraphy, provide a sensitive and continuous archive for reconstructing past eolian Fe fluxes. Here, we show the Northern Hemisphere Fe record retrieved from the NEEM ice core (Greenland), which offers a unique opportunity to reconstruct the past Fe fluxes in a portion of the Arctic over the last 108 kyr. Holocene Fe fluxes (0.042–11.7 ka, 0.5 mg m −2 yr −1 ) at the NEEM site were 4 times lower than the average recorded over the last glacial period (11.7–108 ka, 2.0 mg m −2 yr −1 ), whereas they were greater during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 14.5–26.5 ka, 3.6 mg m −2 yr −1 ) and Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4; 60–71 ka, 5.8 mg m −2 yr −1 ). Comparing the NEEM Fe record with paleoceanographic records retrieved from the HNLC North Pacific, we found that the coldest periods, characterized by the highest Fe fluxes, were distinguished by low marine primary productivity in the subarctic Pacific Ocean, likely due to the greater sea ice extent and the absence of major nutrients upwelling. This supports the hypothesis that Fe fertilization during colder and dustier periods (i.e., LGM and MIS 4) was more effective in other regions, such as the midlatitude North Pacific, where a closer relationship between marine productivity and the NEEM Fe fluxes was observed.
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-23
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Vanillic and Syringic Acids in Ice Cores.

    Barbaro, Elena / Feltracco, Matteo / Spagnesi, Azzurra / Dallo, Federico / Gabrieli, Jacopo / De Blasi, Fabrizio / Zannoni, Daniele / Cairns, Warren R L / Gambaro, Andrea / Barbante, Carlo

    Analytical chemistry

    2022  Volume 94, Issue 13, Page(s) 5344–5351

    Abstract: The development of new analytical systems and the improvement of the existing ones to obtain high-resolution measurements of chemical markers in samples from ice cores, is one of the main challenges the paleoclimatic scientific community is facing. ... ...

    Abstract The development of new analytical systems and the improvement of the existing ones to obtain high-resolution measurements of chemical markers in samples from ice cores, is one of the main challenges the paleoclimatic scientific community is facing. Different chemical species can be used as markers for tracking emission sources or specific environmental processes. Although some markers, such as methane sulfonic acid (a proxy of marine productivity), are commonly used, there is a lack of data on other organic tracers in ice cores, making their continuous analysis analytically challenging. Here, we present an innovative combination of fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) to continuously determine organic markers in ice cores. After specific optimization, this approach was applied to the quantification of vanillic and syringic acids, two specific markers for biomass burning. Using the validated method, detection limits of 3.6 and 4.6 pg mL
    MeSH term(s) Biomass ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1508-8
    ISSN 1520-6882 ; 0003-2700
    ISSN (online) 1520-6882
    ISSN 0003-2700
    DOI 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05412
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Airborne polar pesticides in rural and mountain sites of North-Eastern Italy: An emerging air quality issue.

    Feltracco, Matteo / Barbaro, Elena / Maule, Francesca / Bortolini, Mara / Gabrieli, Jacopo / De Blasi, Fabrizio / Cairns, Warren Rl / Dallo, Federico / Zangrando, Roberta / Barbante, Carlo / Gambaro, Andrea

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

    2022  Volume 308, Page(s) 119657

    Abstract: North-Eastern Italy and in particular Veneto Region, stands out as a major centre of agriculture and viticulture which has rapidly expanded in the last decade with high productivity indexes. In this context, assessing atmospheric pollution caused by crop ...

    Abstract North-Eastern Italy and in particular Veneto Region, stands out as a major centre of agriculture and viticulture which has rapidly expanded in the last decade with high productivity indexes. In this context, assessing atmospheric pollution caused by crop spraying with pesticides in rural areas and their transport to high-altitude remote sites is crucial to provide a basis for understanding possible impacts on the environment and population health. We aim to improve existing methods with a highly sensitive technique by using high pressure anion exchange chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Thus, a total of fourteen polar pesticides were determined in aerosol samples collected from August to December 2021 at Roncade (Venetian plain) and Col Margherita Observatory (Dolomites). The observatory was chosen as the background site as it is representative of the surrounding alpine region. Some samples revealed a substantial amount of cyanuric acid mainly at Roncade (mean concentration of 10 ± 10 ng m
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Environmental Pollution/analysis ; Humans ; Pesticides/analysis
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Pesticides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119657
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Geological and hydrochemical prerequisites of unexpectedly high biodiversity in spring ecosystems at the landscape level.

    Cantonati, Marco / Segadelli, Stefano / Spitale, Daniel / Gabrieli, Jacopo / Gerecke, Reinhard / Angeli, Nicola / De Nardo, Maria Teresa / Ogata, Kei / Wehr, John D

    The Science of the total environment

    2020  Volume 740, Page(s) 140157

    Abstract: This study explores the factors affecting the biodiversity of diatoms, vegetation with focus on bryophytes, and invertebrates with focus on water mites, in a series of 16 spring-habitats. The springs are located primarily from the mountainous part of the ...

    Abstract This study explores the factors affecting the biodiversity of diatoms, vegetation with focus on bryophytes, and invertebrates with focus on water mites, in a series of 16 spring-habitats. The springs are located primarily from the mountainous part of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Northern Apennines, Italy), and two pool-springs from agricultural and industrial lowland locations. Overall, data indicate that biological diversity (Shannon-Wiener, α-diversity) within individual springs was relatively low, e.g.: S
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Invertebrates ; Italy ; Natural Springs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140157
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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