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Article ; Online: Therapeutic Targets and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer

Gaetano Gallo / Giuseppina Vescio / Gilda De Paola / Giuseppe Sammarco

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 2295, p

2021 Volume 2295

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically, anatomically, and transcriptionally heterogeneous disease. The prognosis for a CRC patient depends on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and widely differs accordingly. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC is ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically, anatomically, and transcriptionally heterogeneous disease. The prognosis for a CRC patient depends on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis and widely differs accordingly. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC is an important factor affecting targeted cancer therapy. The TME has a dynamic composition including various cell types, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as extracellular factors that surround cancer cells and have functional and structural roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, the TME can limit the efficacy of therapeutic agents through high interstitial pressure, fibrosis, and the degradation of the therapeutic agents by enzymatic activity. For this reason, the TME is a fertile ground for the discovery of new drugs. The aim of this narrative review is to present current knowledge and future perspectives regarding the TME composition based on strategies for patients with CRC.
Keywords	tumor microenvironment ; colorectal cancer ; targeted therapy ; angiogenesis ; tumor-associated macrophages ; regulatory T cells ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anti-Ri-associated paraneoplastic ophthalmoplegia-ataxia syndrome in a woman with breast cancer

Giuseppe Sena / Gaetano Gallo / Giuseppina Vescio / Denise Gambardella / Stefano de Franciscis / Mariuccia Renne

Journal of Medical Case Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a case report and review of the literature

2020 Volume 5

Abstract: Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. However, in the management of breast cancer, paraneoplastic neurological syndromes represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. However, in the management of breast cancer, paraneoplastic neurological syndromes represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes is difficult due to the heterogeneity of symptoms, the timing of presentation, and the absence of antibodies, and it generally occurs before the diagnosis of breast cancer in 80% of patients who develop paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. We describe a 72-year-old woman with subacute ophthalmoplegia-ataxia syndrome who was subsequently diagnosed as having breast cancer and anti-Ri antibodies. Case presentation A 72-year-old post-menopausal Caucasian woman, with a positive medical history for diabetes mellitus and hypertension, presented with a 3-month onset of blurred vision, diplopia, and progressive gait disturbance. Serological tests were positive for well-characterized onconeural antibodies (anti-Ri). A whole-body computed tomography scan revealed a nodular opacity under her left nipple and axillary adenopathy. A biopsy of her left breast was performed, and histological examination showed ductal carcinoma. She underwent a superoexternal quadrantectomy with left axillary dissection. The final diagnosis showed infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast (T1c N1 M0, stage IIA) associated with paraneoplastic ophthalmoplegia-ataxia syndrome. At a 6-month follow-up, she showed no clinical or instrumental evidence of neoplastic recurrence with partial clinical improvement of neurological symptoms, such as ataxia and diplopia. Conclusion The diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes is often late, as in this patient, but treatment at an early stage may provide a good prognosis. Furthermore, this is one of several cases of an anti-Ri paraneoplastic neurological syndrome not associated with myoclonus, which reinforces the belief that opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is not pathognomonic of the associated anti-Ri paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
Keywords	Breast cancer ; Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes ; Ophthalmoplegia-ataxia syndrome ; Cerebellar paraneoplastic degeneration ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in the Management of Perianal Fistulas in Crohn’s Disease

Gaetano Gallo / Vincenzo Tiesi / Serena Fulginiti / Gilda De Paola / Giuseppina Vescio / Giuseppe Sammarco

Medicina, Vol 56, Iss 563, p

An Up-To-Date Review

2020 Volume 563

Abstract: Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that potentially involves the entire gastrointestinal tract. Perianal fistulizing CD (pCD) is a serious and frequent complication associated with significant morbidities and a heavy negative impact ... ...

Abstract	Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that potentially involves the entire gastrointestinal tract. Perianal fistulizing CD (pCD) is a serious and frequent complication associated with significant morbidities and a heavy negative impact on quality of life. The aim of CD treatment is to induce and maintain disease remission and to promote mucosal repair. Unfortunately, even the best therapeutic regimens in pCD do not have long-term efficacy and cause a significant number of side effects. Therefore, it is mandatory to study new therapeutical options such as the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). These cells promote tissue repair via the induction of immunomodulation. The present review aims to analyze the existing updated scientific literature on MSCs adoption in the treatment of pCD to evaluate its efficacy and safety and to compare the use of bone marrow and adipose tissue derived MSCs, type of administration, and dose required for recovery.
Keywords	mesenchymal stromal cells ; stem cells ; Crohn disease ; perianal fistula ; fistulizing CD ; surgical treatment ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Changes in hospital admissions and complications of acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ugo Grossi / Gaetano Gallo / Monica Ortenzi / Marco Piccino / Nick Salimian / Mario Guerrieri / Giuseppe Sammarco / Carla Felice / Giulio Aniello Santoro / Salomone Di Saverio / Gian Luca Di Tanna / Giacomo Zanus

Health Sciences Review, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100021- (2022)

A systematic review and meta-analysis

2022

Abstract: Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common emergencies in general surgery worldwide. During the pandemic, a significant decrease in the number of accesses to the emergency department for AA has been recorded in different countries. A ... ...

Abstract	Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common emergencies in general surgery worldwide. During the pandemic, a significant decrease in the number of accesses to the emergency department for AA has been recorded in different countries. A systematic review of the current literature sought to determine the impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospital admissions and complications of AA. Method: A systematic search was undertaken to identify repeated cross-sectional studies reporting the management of AA during the COVID-19 pandemic (index period) as compared to the previous year, or at the turn of lockdown (reference period). Data were abstracted on article (country of origin) and patients characteristics (adults, children [i.e. non adults, <18-year-old]), or mixed population) within the two given timeframes, including demographics, number of admissions for AA, number of appendectomies, and complicated appendectomies. Results: Of 201 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 54 studies from 22 world countries were included. In total, 27 (50%) were conducted on adults, 12 (22%) on children, and 15 (28%) on a mixed patients population. The overall rate ratio of admissions for AA between the two periods was 0.94 (95%CI, 0.75-1.17), with significant differences between studies on adults (0.90 [0.74-1.09]), mixed population (0.50 [0.27-0.90]), and children (1.50 [1.01-2.22]). The overall risk ratio of complicated AA was 1.65 (1.32-2.07), ranging from 1.32 in studies on children, to 2.45 in mixed population. Conclusion: The pandemic has altered the rate of admissions for AA and appendectomy, with parallel increased incidence of complicated cases in all age groups.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Acute appendicitis ; Appendectomy ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Role of New Anatomy, Biliopancreatic Reflux, and Helicobacter Pylori Status in Postgastrectomy Stump Cancer

Luigi Basso / Gaetano Gallo / Daniele Biacchi / Maria Vittoria Carati / Giuseppe Cavallaro / Luca Esposito / Andrea Giuliani / Luciano Izzo / Paolo Izzo / Antonietta Lamazza / Andrea Polistena / Mariarita Tarallo / Alessandro Micarelli / Enrico Fiori

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1498, p

2022 Volume 1498

Abstract: Distal gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal peptic disease has become rare, but it still represents a widely adopted procedure for advanced and, in some countries, even for early distal gastric cancer. Survival rates following surgery for gastric ... ...

Abstract	Distal gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal peptic disease has become rare, but it still represents a widely adopted procedure for advanced and, in some countries, even for early distal gastric cancer. Survival rates following surgery for gastric malignancy are constantly improving, hence the residual mucosa of the gastric stump is exposed for a prolonged period to biliopancreatic reflux and, possibly, to Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Biliopancreatic reflux and HP infection are considered responsible for gastritis and metachronous carcinoma in the gastric stump after oncologic surgery. For gastrectomy patients, in addition to eradication treatment for cases that are already HP positive, endoscopic surveillance should also be recommended, for prompt surveillance and detection in the residual mucosa of any metaplastic-atrophic-dysplastic features following surgery.
Keywords	gastric cancer ; biliopancreatic reflux ; gastritis ; carcinoma ; endoscopic surveillance ; Helicobacter pylori infection ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Surgical Management of Hemorrhoidal Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ugo Grossi / Gaetano Gallo / Gian Luca Di Tanna / Umberto Bracale / Mattia Ballo / Elisa Galasso / Andrea Kazemi Nava / Martino Zucchella / Francesco Cinetto / Marcello Rattazzi / Carla Felice / Giacomo Zanus

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 709, p

A Systematic Review with Proportional Meta-Analysis

2022 Volume 709

Abstract: Surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease (HD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been considered to be potentially harmful, but the evidence for this is poor. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken to reappraise the safety ...

Abstract	Surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease (HD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been considered to be potentially harmful, but the evidence for this is poor. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken to reappraise the safety and effectiveness of surgical treatments in this special circumstance. A MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library search was performed to retrieve studies reporting the outcomes of surgical treatment of HD in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). From a total of 2072 citations, 10 retrospective studies including 222 (range, 2–70) patients were identified. Of these, 119 (54%) had CD and 103 (46%) UC. Mean age was between 41 and 49 years (range 14–77). Most studies lacked information on the interval between surgery and the onset of complications. Operative treatments included open or closed hemorrhoidectomy ( n = 156 patients (70%)), rubber band ligation ( n = 39 (18%)), excision or incision of thrombosed hemorrhoid ( n = 14 (6%)), and doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation (DG-HAL, n = 13 (6%)). In total, 23 patients developed a complication (pooled prevalence, 9%; (95%CI, 3–16%)), with a more than two-fold higher rate in patients with CD compared to UC (11% (5–16%) vs. 5% (0–13%), respectively). Despite the low quality evidence, surgical management of HD in IBD and particularly in CD patients who have failed nonoperative therapy should still be performed with caution and limited to inactive disease. Further studies should determine whether advantages in terms of safety and effectiveness with the use of non-excisional techniques (e.g., DG-HAL) can be obtained in this patient population.
Keywords	hemorrhoidal disease ; IBD ; Crohn ; ulcerative colitis ; hemorrhoidectomy ; surgery ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome in an Adult Patient

Paolo Izzo / Gaetano Gallo / Massimo Codacci Pisanelli / Giuliano D’Onghia / Leonardo Macci / Raimondo Gabriele / Andrea Polistena / Luciano Izzo / Sara Izzo / Luigi Basso

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 3253, p

Case Report and Review of the Literature

2022 Volume 3253

Abstract: Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a rare condition characterized by progressive loss, destruction, and disappearance of the intra-hepatic bile ducts, leading to cholestasis and ductopenia. The exact mechanism of development of VDBS has not been ... ...

Abstract	Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a rare condition characterized by progressive loss, destruction, and disappearance of the intra-hepatic bile ducts, leading to cholestasis and ductopenia. The exact mechanism of development of VDBS has not been established yet. Diagnosis of VBDS mainly relies on clinical and disease related presentations, but liver biopsy is compulsory for diagnosis. Due to the low incidence reported in the literature, a standardized treatment of VDBS has not been established; hence, this rare condition must be managed at a tertiary liver referral center. Here, we report the management and treatment of VBDS of an 81-year-old woman without any history of exposure to antibiotics, neoplasms, etc.
Keywords	vanishing bile duct syndrome ; cholestasis ; ductopenia ; ursodeoxycholic acid ; prednisolone ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mast Cells, microRNAs and Others

Giuseppe Sammarco / Gaetano Gallo / Giuseppina Vescio / Arcangelo Picciariello / Gilda De Paola / Mario Trompetto / Giuseppe Currò / Michele Ammendola

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 2852, p

The Role of Translational Research on Colorectal Cancer in the Forthcoming Era of Precision Medicine

2020 Volume 2852

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, molecularly and anatomically, that develops in a multi-step process requiring the accumulation of several genetic or epigenetic mutations that lead to the gradual transformation of normal mucosa into ... ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, molecularly and anatomically, that develops in a multi-step process requiring the accumulation of several genetic or epigenetic mutations that lead to the gradual transformation of normal mucosa into cancer. In fact, tumorigenesis is extremely complex, with many immunologic and non-immunologic factors present in the tumor microenvironment that can influence tumorigenesis. In the last few years, a role for mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B (BRAF) in cancer development and progression has been suggested, and numerous efforts have been made to thoroughly assess their correlation with CRC to improve patient survival and quality of life. The identification of easily measurable, non-invasive and cost-effective biomarkers, the so-called “ideal biomarkers”, for CRC screening and treatment remains a high priority. The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging role of mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), KRAS and BRAF as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, evaluating their influence as potential therapy targets in the forthcoming era of precision medicine.
Keywords	mast cells ; microRNAs ; KRAS ; BRAF ; colorectal cancer ; precision medicine ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Faecal miRNA profiles associated with age, sex, BMI, and lifestyle habits in healthy individuals

Antonio Francavilla / Amedeo Gagliardi / Giulia Piaggeschi / Sonia Tarallo / Francesca Cordero / Ruggero G. Pensa / Alessia Impeduglia / Gian Paolo Caviglia / Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone / Gaetano Gallo / Sara Grioni / Giulio Ferrero / Barbara Pardini / Alessio Naccarati

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract For their stability and detectability faecal microRNAs represent promising molecules with potential clinical interest as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, there is no evidence on how stool miRNA profiles change ... ...

Abstract	Abstract For their stability and detectability faecal microRNAs represent promising molecules with potential clinical interest as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. However, there is no evidence on how stool miRNA profiles change according to an individual’s age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) or how lifestyle habits influence the expression levels of these molecules. We explored the relationship between the stool miRNA levels and common traits (sex, age, BMI, and menopausal status) or lifestyle habits (physical activity, smoking status, coffee, and alcohol consumption) as derived by a self-reported questionnaire, using small RNA-sequencing data of samples from 335 healthy subjects. We detected 151 differentially expressed miRNAs associated with one variable and 52 associated with at least two. Differences in miR-638 levels were associated with age, sex, BMI, and smoking status. The highest number of differentially expressed miRNAs was associated with BMI (n = 92) and smoking status (n = 84), with several miRNAs shared between them. Functional enrichment analyses revealed the involvement of the miRNA target genes in pathways coherent with the analysed variables. Our findings suggest that miRNA profiles in stool may reflect common traits and lifestyle habits and should be considered in relation to disease and association studies based on faecal miRNA expression.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Short-Term Outcomes of Polycarbophil and Propionibacterium acnes Lysate Gel after Open Hemorrhoidectomy

Gaetano Gallo / Ugo Grossi / Gian Luca Di Tanna / Giulio Aniello Santoro / Gilda De Paola / Giuseppe Clerico / Alberto Realis Luc / Mario Trompetto / Giuseppe Sammarco

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 3996, p

A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 Volume 3996

Abstract: Background: Pain is the most common complication after open excisional hemorrhoidectomy (OEH). We assessed the effectiveness of polycarbophil and Propionibacterium acnes lysate gel (Emorsan ® Gel) on pain control after OEH. Research design and methods: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pain is the most common complication after open excisional hemorrhoidectomy (OEH). We assessed the effectiveness of polycarbophil and Propionibacterium acnes lysate gel (Emorsan ® Gel) on pain control after OEH. Research design and methods: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing OEH were included. All patients received stool softeners and oral analgesia in the post-operative period. Emorsan ® Gel was also used topically by the last 25 patients (Emorsan ® Gel group (EG)) until Post-Operative Day 20 (POD 20). The primary outcome was the effectiveness of Emorsan ® Gel on pain relief using an 11-point visual analogue scale (VAS). Morbidity, wound healing (WH), and time to work were documented at POD 1, POD 10, POD 20, and POD 40. Results: Of the 50 patients enrolled, twenty-eight (56%) were males; median age, 49 (range, 28–73) years. The VAS score decreased over time in all patients, with significantly lower scores at POD 20 in the EG (1.44 (SD, 1.16) vs. 2.12 (0.93) in the control group (CG); p = 0.045). All patients in the EG achieved complete WH at last follow-up, compared to only 17 (68%) in the CG ( p = 0.004). The likelihood of WH was 66% higher in the EG (OR, 1.66 [95%CI, 0.80–3.44; p = 0.172). Conclusions: Emorsan ® Gel is safe and effective at reducing pain after EOH, promoting earlier WH compared to standard care treatment.
Keywords	Emorsan ® Gel ; hemorrhoidal disease ; hemorrhoidectomy ; pain ; wound healing ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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