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  1. Article ; Online: Local Pterional Advancement Flap: A Minimally Invasive Option to Reconstruct Spheno-Temporal Extracranial Soft Tissues Dehiscences in Fragile Patients.

    Gagliardi, Filippo / Giordano, Leone / Bussi, Mario / Mortini, Pietro

    The Journal of craniofacial surgery

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 910–912

    Abstract: Background: Late-onset, extracranial soft tissues dehiscence in the spheno-temporal region after major neurosurgical procedures might represent a potentially life-threatening complication.Due to surgery-related galeal/pericranial and myofascial temporal ...

    Abstract Background: Late-onset, extracranial soft tissues dehiscence in the spheno-temporal region after major neurosurgical procedures might represent a potentially life-threatening complication.Due to surgery-related galeal/pericranial and myofascial temporal atrophy, classical regional flaps are often unavailable, enforcing potential indication for free vascularized flaps.Nevertheless, in elderly multioperated patients, who are not eligible for major surgery, it becomes mandatory to consider less invasive options for reconstruction.Authors describe the application of a reconstructive option for late-onset, pterional soft tissues dehiscence in fragile patients, using a local pterional advancement flap.
    Methods: Technique is stepwise described and illustrated in its clinical application.
    Results: Local pterional advancement flap provides an excellent coverage, being extremely pliable, and flexible in contents and design. Vascular pedicle is independent from distal branches of the superficial temporal artery and provides adequate blood flow. Pedicle length enables a good arc of rotation, which facilitates its transposition. Flap preparation is very easy and minimally time consuming, due to its immediate regional availability and the easy harvesting technique.
    Conclusions: Local pterional advancement flap represents an effective option as regional flap for the reconstruction of late-onset, pterional soft tissues dehiscence in fragile patients.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Cadaver ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Skin Transplantation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1159501-2
    ISSN 1536-3732 ; 1049-2275
    ISSN (online) 1536-3732
    ISSN 1049-2275
    DOI 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008051
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Resection of Intracranial Tumors with a Robotic-Assisted Digital Microscope: A Preliminary Experience with Robotic Scope.

    Piloni, Martina / Bailo, Michele / Gagliardi, Filippo / Mortini, Pietro

    World neurosurgery

    2021  Volume 152, Page(s) e205–e211

    Abstract: Background: Magnified intraoperative visualization is of paramount importance during microsurgical procedures. Although the introduction of the operating microscope represented one of the most relevant innovations in modern neurosurgery, surgical vision ...

    Abstract Background: Magnified intraoperative visualization is of paramount importance during microsurgical procedures. Although the introduction of the operating microscope represented one of the most relevant innovations in modern neurosurgery, surgical vision and maneuverability can be limited in cases with unfavorable angles of attack. In such cases, the placement of the operating microscope can be difficult and result in significant discomfort to the surgeon. In previous decades, exoscopes were introduced as alternative tools to provide optimal ergonomics by decoupling the line of sight of the surgeon from the binocular lenses. However, exoscopic platforms entail interim manual adjustments of the camera position and setting. To overcome this limitation, robotic-assisted digital microscopy was developed. We have reported our preliminary experience with the RoboticScope to investigate the feasibility and safety of this novel digital system for intraoperative magnification.
    Methods: In September 2020, the RoboticScope was used to perform 3 cranial procedures for the resection of brain tumors. The surgeon's opinion was recorded to evaluate the quality of the intraoperative vision, the safety and efficacy of the surgical maneuverability, and the surgeon's personal comfort.
    Results: RoboticScope provided remarkable advantages in terms of enhanced workflow efficacy and increased comfort of the surgeon during the microsurgical phase of the cranial procedures. The overall quality of the intraoperative digital imaging was rated not inferior to that of traditional optical microscopes.
    Conclusions: The RoboticScope is a promising device that might represent a valuable alternative to conventional tools for intraoperative visualization in the resection of intracranial tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Astrocytoma/surgery ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma/surgery ; Microscopy/instrumentation ; Microsurgery/methods ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures/instrumentation ; Neurosurgical Procedures/methods ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Robotics/methods ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.075
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  3. Article: The carotid sheath route: An option to approach retrocarotid prespinal tumors with paravertebral extension.

    Gagliardi, Filippo / Giordano, Leone / Medone, Marzia / Snider, Silvia / Roncelli, Francesca / Pompeo, Edoardo / Mortini, Pietro

    Journal of craniovertebral junction & spine

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–15

    Abstract: Background: The elective route to approach paravertebral lesions growing into the anterolateral lodge of the neck is widely recognized as the prespinal route with its two major variants. Recently, attention has been focused on the possibility of opening ...

    Abstract Background: The elective route to approach paravertebral lesions growing into the anterolateral lodge of the neck is widely recognized as the prespinal route with its two major variants. Recently, attention has been focused on the possibility of opening the inter-carotid-jugular window in case of reparative surgery for traumatic brachial plexus injury.
    Aims: For the first time, the authors validate the clinical application of the carotid sheath route in the surgical treatment of paravertebral lesions expanding into the anterolateral lodge of the neck.
    Methods: A microanatomic study was conducted to collect anthropometric measurements. The technique was illustrated in a clinical setting.
    Results: The opening of the inter-carotid-jugular surgical window allows additional access to the prevertebral and periforaminal space. It optimizes the operability on the prevertebral compartment, compared to the retro-sternocleidomastoid (SCM) approach, and on the periforaminal compartment, compared to the standard pre-SCM approach. The surgical control of the vertebral artery is comparable to that obtained with the retro-SCM approach, while the control of the esophagotracheal complex and the retroesophageal space is comparable to the pre-SCM approach. The risk profile on the inferior thyroid vessels, recurrent nerve, and sympathetic chain is superimposable to the pre-SCM approach.
    Conclusions: The carotid sheath route is a safe and effective option to approach prespinal lesions with retrocarotid monolateral paravertebral extension.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-13
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2573344-8
    ISSN 0976-9285 ; 0974-8237
    ISSN (online) 0976-9285
    ISSN 0974-8237
    DOI 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_148_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Efficacy of neoadjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy in brain metastases from solid cancer: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis.

    Gagliardi, Filippo / De Domenico, Pierfrancesco / Snider, Silvia / Nizzola, Maria Grazia / Mortini, Pietro

    Neurosurgical review

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 130

    Abstract: Neoadjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy (NaSRT) is a novel strategy for brain metastasis (BM) treatment, promising to achieve good local control, improved survival, and low toxicity. This is a systematic review of available literature and meta-analysis of ... ...

    Abstract Neoadjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy (NaSRT) is a novel strategy for brain metastasis (BM) treatment, promising to achieve good local control, improved survival, and low toxicity. This is a systematic review of available literature and meta-analysis of 8 articles eligible for inclusion after searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Web-of-science, Cochrane Wiley, and Embase databases up to March 2023. A total of 484 patients undergoing NaSRT to treat 507 lesions were included. The median age was 60.9 (IQR 57-63) years, with a median tumor volume of 12.1 (IQR 9-14) cm
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Radiosurgery/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-31
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Systematic Review ; Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 6907-3
    ISSN 1437-2320 ; 0344-5607
    ISSN (online) 1437-2320
    ISSN 0344-5607
    DOI 10.1007/s10143-023-02031-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Primary Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for pineal region tumors: A systematic review and pooled analysis of available literature with histological stratification.

    Gagliardi, Filippo / De Domenico, Pierfrancesco / Garbin, Enrico / Snider, Silvia / Mortini, Pietro

    Journal of pineal research

    2023  Volume 75, Issue 4, Page(s) e12910

    Abstract: Pineal region tumors (PTs) represent extremely rare pathologies, characterized by highly heterogeneous histological patterns. Most of the available evidence for Gamma Knife radiosurgical (GKSR) treatment of PTs arises from multimodal regimens, including ... ...

    Abstract Pineal region tumors (PTs) represent extremely rare pathologies, characterized by highly heterogeneous histological patterns. Most of the available evidence for Gamma Knife radiosurgical (GKSR) treatment of PTs arises from multimodal regimens, including GKSR as an adjuvant modality or as a salvage treatment at recurrence. We aimed to gather existing evidence on the topic and analyze single-patient-level data to address the efficacy and safety of primary GKSR. This is a systematic review of the literature (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Science Direct) and pooled analysis of single-patient-level data. A total of 1054 original works were retrieved. After excluding duplicates and irrelevant works, we included 13 papers (n = 64 patients). An additional 12 patients were included from the authors' original series. A total of 76 patients reached the final analysis; 56.5% (n = 43) received a histological diagnosis. Confirmed lesions included pineocytoma WHO grade I (60.5%), pineocytoma WHO grade II (14%), pineoblastoma WHO IV (7%), pineal tumor with intermediate differentiation WHO II/III (4.7%), papillary tumor of pineal region WHO II/III (4.7%), germ cell tumor (2.3%), neurocytoma WHO I (2.3%), astrocytoma WHO II (2.3%) and WHO III (2.3%). Presumptive diagnoses were achieved in the remaining 43.5% (n = 33) of cases and comprised of pineocytoma (9%), germ cell tumor (6%), low-grade glioma (6%), high-grade glioma (3%), meningioma (3%) and undefined in 73%. The mean age at the time of GKSR was 38.7 years and the mean lesional volume was 4.2 ± 4 cc. All patients received GKSR with a mean marginal dose of 14.7 ± 2.1 Gy (50% isodose). At a median 36-month follow-up, local control was achieved in 80.3% of cases. Thirteen patients showed progression after a median time of 14 months. Overall mortality was 13.2%. The median OS was not reached for all included lesions, except high-grade gliomas (8mo). The 3-year OS was 100% for LGG and pineal tumors with intermediate differentiation, 91% for low-grade pineal lesions, 66% for high-grade pineal lesions, 60% for germ cell tumors (GCTs), 50% for HGG, and 82% for undetermined tumors. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 100% for LGG and pineal intermediate tumors, 86% for low-grade pineal, 66% for high-grade pineal, 33.3% for GCTs, and 0% for HGG. Median PFS was 5 months for HGG and 34 months for GCTs. The radionecrosis rate was 6%, and cystic degeneration was observed in 2%. Ataxia as a presenting symptom strongly predicted mortality (odds ratio [OR] 104, p = .02), while GCTs and HGG histology well predicted PD (OR: 13, p = .04). These results support the efficacy and safety of primary GKSR treatment of PTs. Further studies are needed to validate these results, which highlight the importance of the initial presumptive diagnosis for choosing the best therapeutic strategy.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pinealoma/surgery ; Pinealoma/pathology ; Radiosurgery/methods ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Melatonin ; Pineal Gland/surgery ; Pineal Gland/pathology ; Glioma/pathology ; Glioma/surgery ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/surgery
    Chemical Substances Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632697-3
    ISSN 1600-079X ; 0742-3098
    ISSN (online) 1600-079X
    ISSN 0742-3098
    DOI 10.1111/jpi.12910
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Brain Tumors Affecting the Orbit Globe and Orbit Tumors Affecting the Brain.

    Spina, Alfio / Boari, Nicola / Calvanese, Francesco / Gagliardi, Filippo / Bailo, Michele / Piloni, Martina / Mortini, Pietro

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2023  Volume 1405, Page(s) 507–526

    Abstract: Brain tumors affecting the orbit and orbital tumors affecting the brain are a heterogeneous group of lesions, with histological features, behaviors, diagnostic criteria, and treatments varying from each other. Dermoid cyst and cavernous hemangiomas are ... ...

    Abstract Brain tumors affecting the orbit and orbital tumors affecting the brain are a heterogeneous group of lesions, with histological features, behaviors, diagnostic criteria, and treatments varying from each other. Dermoid cyst and cavernous hemangiomas are considered the most frequent benign lesions, while non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor in this region. Sharing the same anatomical region, clinical manifestations of orbital lesions may be often common to different types of lesions. Imaging studies are useful in the differential diagnosis of orbital lesions and the planning of their management. Lesions can be classified into ocular or extra-ocular ones: the latter can be further differentiated into extraconal or intraconal, based on the relationship with the extraocular muscles. Surgical therapy is the treatment of choice for most orbital lesions; however, based on the degree of removal, their histology and extension, other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are indicated for the management of orbital lesions. In selected cases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the primary treatments. This chapter aimed to discuss the orbital anatomy, the clinical manifestations, the clinical testing and the imaging studies for orbital lesions, and the principal pathological entities affecting the orbit together with the principles of orbital surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Orbital Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Orbital Neoplasms/surgery ; Orbit/diagnostic imaging ; Orbit/surgery ; Orbit/pathology ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410187-X
    ISSN 0065-2598
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Craniopharyngioma in Pediatrics and Adults.

    Piloni, Martina / Gagliardi, Filippo / Bailo, Michele / Losa, Marco / Boari, Nicola / Spina, Alfio / Mortini, Pietro

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2023  Volume 1405, Page(s) 299–329

    Abstract: Craniopharyngiomas are rare malignancies of dysembryogenic origin, involving the sellar and parasellar areas. These low-grade, epithelial tumors account for two main histological patterns (adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and papillary ... ...

    Abstract Craniopharyngiomas are rare malignancies of dysembryogenic origin, involving the sellar and parasellar areas. These low-grade, epithelial tumors account for two main histological patterns (adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma), which differ in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and histomorphological appearance. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas typically show a bimodal age distribution (5-15 years and 45-60 years), while papillary craniopharyngiomas are limited to adult patients, especially in the fifth and sixth decades of life. Recently, craniopharyngioma histological subtypes have been demonstrated to harbor distinct biomolecular signatures. Somatic mutations in CTNNB1 gene encoding β-catenin have been exclusively detected in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, which predominantly manifest as cystic lesions, while papillary craniopharyngiomas are driven by BRAF V600E mutations in up to 95% of cases and are typically solid masses. Despite the benign histological nature (grade I according to the World Health Organization classification), craniopharyngiomas may heavily affect long-term survival and quality of life, due to their growth pattern in a critical region for the presence of eloquent neurovascular structures and possible neurological sequelae following their treatment. Clinical manifestations are mostly related to the involvement of hypothalamic-pituitary axis, optic pathways, ventricular system, and major blood vessels of the circle of Willis. Symptoms and signs referable to intracranial hypertension, visual disturbance, and endocrine deficiencies should promptly raise the clinical suspicion for sellar and suprasellar pathologies, advocating further neuroimaging investigations, especially brain MRI. The optimal therapeutic management of craniopharyngiomas is still a matter of debate. Over the last decades, the surgical strategy for craniopharyngiomas, especially in younger patients, has shifted from the aggressive attempt of radical resection to a more conservative and individualized approach via a planned subtotal resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, aimed at preserving functional outcomes and minimizing surgery-related morbidity. Whenever gross total removal is not safely feasible, adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have gained an increasingly important role to manage tumor residual or recurrence. The role of intracavitary therapies, including antineoplastic drugs or sealed radioactive sources, is predominantly limited to monocystic craniopharyngiomas as secondary therapeutic option. Novel findings in genetic profiling of craniopharyngiomas have unfold new scenarios in the development of targeted therapies based on brand-new biomolecular markers, advancing the hypothesis of introducing neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in order to reduce tumor burden prior to resection. Indeed, the rarity of these neoplasms requires a multispecialty approach involving an expert team of endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-ophthalmologists, neuroradiologists, radiotherapists, and neuro-oncologists, in order to pursue a significant impact on postoperative outcomes and long-term prognosis.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Craniopharyngioma/genetics ; Craniopharyngioma/therapy ; Craniopharyngioma/diagnosis ; Quality of Life ; Radiosurgery ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics ; Pituitary Neoplasms/therapy ; Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Pediatrics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410187-X
    ISSN 0065-2598
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_11
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Meningioma and Other Meningeal Tumors.

    Bailo, Michele / Gagliardi, Filippo / Boari, Nicola / Spina, Alfio / Piloni, Martina / Castellano, Antonella / Mortini, Pietro

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2023  Volume 1405, Page(s) 73–97

    Abstract: Meningiomas develop from meningothelial cells and approximately account for more than 30 percent of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. They can occur anywhere in the dura, most often intracranially and at dural reflection sites. Half of the cases are ... ...

    Abstract Meningiomas develop from meningothelial cells and approximately account for more than 30 percent of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. They can occur anywhere in the dura, most often intracranially and at dural reflection sites. Half of the cases are usually at parasagittal/falcine and convexity locations; other common sites are sphenoid ridge, suprasellar, posterior fossa, and olfactory groove. The female-to-male ratio is approximately 2 or 3-1, and the median age at diagnosis is 65 years. Meningiomas are generally extremely slow-growing tumors; many are asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic at diagnosis and are discovered incidentally. Clinical manifestations, when present, are influenced by the tumor site and by the time course over which it develops. Meningiomas are divided into three grades. Grade I represents the vast majority of cases; they are considered typical or benign, although their CNS location can still lead to severe morbidity or mortality, resulting in a reported ten-year net survival of over 80%. Atypical (WHO grade II) meningiomas are considered "intermediate grade" malignancies and represent 5-7% of cases. They show a tendency for recurrence and malignant degeneration with a relevant increase in tumor cell migration and surrounding tissue infiltration; ten-year net survival is reported over 60%. The anaplastic subtype (WHO III) represents only 1-3% of cases, and it is characterized by a poor prognosis (ten-year net survival of 15%). The treatment of choice for these tumors stands on complete microsurgical resection in case the subsequent morbidities are assumed minimal. On the other hand, and in case the tumor is located in critical regions such as the skull base, or the patient may have accompanied comorbidities, or it is aimed to avoid intensive treatment, some other approaches, including stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy, were recommended as safe and effective choices to be considered as a primary treatment option or complementary to surgery. Adjuvant radiosurgery/radiotherapy should be considered in the case of atypical and anaplastic histology, especially when a residual tumor is identifiable in postoperative imaging. A "watchful waiting" strategy appears reasonable for extremely old individuals and those with substantial comorbidities or low-performance status, while there is a reduced threshold for therapeutic intervention for relatively healthy younger individuals due to the expectation that tumor progression will inevitably necessitate proactive treatment. To treat and manage meningioma efficiently, the assessments of both neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists are essential. The possibility of other rarer tumors, including hemangiopericytomas, solitary fibrous tumors, lymphomas, metastases, melanocytic tumors, and fibrous histiocytoma, must be considered when a meningeal lesion is diagnosed, especially because the ideal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches might differ significantly in every tumor type.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Meningioma/surgery ; Meningioma/diagnosis ; Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Radiosurgery ; Head ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 410187-X
    ISSN 0065-2598
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_3
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  9. Article ; Online: In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Transfrontal-Sinus-Subcranial Approach to Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Surgical Results and Clinical and Functional Outcome in a Consecutive Series of 21 Patients".

    Spina, Alfio / Barzaghi, Lina Raffaella / Gagliardi, Filippo / Boari, Nicola / Mortini, Pietro

    World neurosurgery

    2022  Volume 159, Page(s) 243

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery ; Meningioma/surgery ; Paranasal Sinuses/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.01.015
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  10. Article ; Online: Efficacy of radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery as adjuvant or salvage treatment in atypical and anaplastic (WHO grade II and III) meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Gagliardi, Filippo / De Domenico, Pierfrancesco / Snider, Silvia / Pompeo, Edoardo / Roncelli, Francesca / Barzaghi, Lina Raffaella / Acerno, Stefania / Mortini, Pietro

    Neurosurgical review

    2023  Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 71

    Abstract: The role of radiotherapy (RT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as adjuvant or salvage treatment in high-grade meningiomas (HGM) is still debated. Despite advances in modern neuro-oncology, HGM (WHO grade II and III) remains refractory to multimodal ... ...

    Abstract The role of radiotherapy (RT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as adjuvant or salvage treatment in high-grade meningiomas (HGM) is still debated. Despite advances in modern neuro-oncology, HGM (WHO grade II and III) remains refractory to multimodal therapies. Published reports present aggregated data and are extremely varied in population size, exclusion criteria, selection bias, and inclusion of mixed histologic grades, making it extremely difficult to draw conclusions when taken individually. This current work aims to gather the existing evidence on RT and SRS as adjuvants following surgery or salvage treatment at recurrence after multimodality therapy failure and to conduct a systematic comparison between these two modalities. An extensive systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed. A total of 42 papers were eligible for final analysis (RT n = 27; SRS n = 15) after searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Web-of-science, Cochrane Wiley, and Embase databases. Adjuvant regimens were addressed in 37 papers (RT n = 26; SRS n = 11); salvage regimens were described in 5 articles (RT n = 1; SRS n = 4). The primary outcomes of the study were the overall recurrence rate and mortality. Other actuarial rates (local and distant control, OS, PFS, and complications) were retrieved and analyzed as secondary outcomes. A total of 2853 patients harboring 3077 HGM were included. The majority were grade II (87%) with a mean pre-radiation volume of 8.7 cc. Adjuvant regimen: 2742 patients (76.4% RT; 23.6% SRS) with an overall grade II/III rate of 6.6/1. Lesions treated adjSRS were more frequently grade III (17 vs 12%, p < 0.001), and received subtotal resection (57 vs 27%, p = 0.001) compared to the RT cohort. AdjSRS cohort had a significantly shorter mean follow-up than adjRT (36.7 vs 50.3 months, p = 0.01). The overall recurrence rate was 38% in adjRT vs 25% in adjSRS (p = 0.01), while mortality did not differ between the groups (20% vs 23%, respectively; p = 0.80). The median time to recurrence was 1.5 times longer in the RT group (p = 0.30). Five-year local control was 55% in adjRT and 26% in adjSRS (p = 0.01), while 5-year OS was 73% and 78% (p = 0.62), and 5-year PFS was 62% and 40% in adjRT and adjSRS (p = 0.008). No difference in the incidence of complications (24% vs 14%, p = 0.53). Salvage regimen: 110 patients (37.3% RT; 62.7% SRS) with a grade II/III rate of 8.6/1. The recurrence rate was 46% in salRT vs 24% in salSRS (p = 0.39), time to recurrence was 1.8 times longer in the salRT group (35 vs 18.5 months, p = 0.74). Mortality was slightly yet not significantly higher in salRT (34% vs 12%, p = 0.54). Data on local and distant control were only available for salSRS. The 5-year OS was 49% and 83% (p = 0.90), and the 5-year PFS was 39% and 50% in salRT and salSRS (p = 0.66), respectively. High-grade meningiomas (WHO grade II and III) receiving adjuvant RT showed a higher overall recurrence rate than meningiomas receiving adjuvant SRS. The adjRT cohort, however, achieved higher 5-year LC and PFS rates, thus suggesting a potentially longer time to recurrence compared to adjSRS patients, who, meanwhile, experienced a significantly shorter follow-up. This result must also consider the higher number of grade III lesions and the smaller extent of resection achieved in the adjSRS group. Overall mortality did not differ between the two groups. No differences in outcome measures were observed in salvage regimens.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Meningioma/radiotherapy ; Meningioma/surgery ; Meningioma/pathology ; Radiosurgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Salvage Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Meningeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery ; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology ; World Health Organization ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Follow-Up Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 6907-3
    ISSN 1437-2320 ; 0344-5607
    ISSN (online) 1437-2320
    ISSN 0344-5607
    DOI 10.1007/s10143-023-01969-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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