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Article ; Online: Adaptation of a community health outreach model during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of the Mexican consulates in the United States of America.

Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Vilar-Compte, Mireya / Bustamante, Arturo Vargas

International journal for equity in health

2023 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 138

Abstract: The Ventanillas de Salud (VDS - "Health Windows") are a culturally sensitive outreach program within the 49 Mexican Consulates in the United States that provides information and health care navigation support to underserved and uninsured Mexican ... ...

Abstract	The Ventanillas de Salud (VDS - "Health Windows") are a culturally sensitive outreach program within the 49 Mexican Consulates in the United States that provides information and health care navigation support to underserved and uninsured Mexican immigrants. During the COVID-19 pandemic the VDS rapidly transitioned to remote operations adding new services. Based on the EquIR implementation framework, this qualitative study investigates how adaptations to improve emergency preparedness were performed. We conducted motivational interviews with three actors - six VDS coordinators, eight partner organizations, and ten VDS users- in two VDS, Los Angeles and New York, to document specific needs of the target population and identify implementation processes to adapt and continue operating. The VDS adapted their model by adding new services for emerging needs, by switching service provision modalities, and by expanding the network of partner organizations. According to the VDS staff, these adaptations increased their topics, depth, reach, and diversified their users. Users had mostly positive opinions about the VDS adaptation, although they highlighted some heterogeneity across service provision. The VDS is a public health intervention able to serve a marginalized population and its implementation offers valuable lessons to complement health systems and to improve preparedness and resiliency for future crises.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Public Health ; Pandemics ; Qualitative Research ; Mexico
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2092056-8
ISSN	1475-9276 ; 1475-9276
ISSN (online)	1475-9276
ISSN	1475-9276
DOI	10.1186/s12939-023-01911-9
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Article ; Online: Time and gender measurement invariance in the modified Calderon depression scale.

Arenas, Erika / Teruel, Graciela / Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo

Health and quality of life outcomes

2022 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 100

Abstract: Background: Assessing change and comparing groups requires high quality and invariant scales. However, there is limited evidence of simultaneous longitudinal and gender measurement invariance for depression scales. This evidence is even more scant with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Assessing change and comparing groups requires high quality and invariant scales. However, there is limited evidence of simultaneous longitudinal and gender measurement invariance for depression scales. This evidence is even more scant with long-established panel studies from low and middle-income countries. Methods: In this paper, we used three waves (years 2002, 2005, and 2009) of a nationally representative panel study to examine the psychometric properties of the modified Calderon Depression Scale (CAL-DM)-a one-item exclusion of a depression scale designed for a population residing in a middle-income country (i.e., Mexico). Our analytical sample included 16,868 participants: 7,696 men and 9,172 women. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), we first examined overall fit in each wave, and then we tested time, gender, and time-gender measurement invariance across three waves. We also estimated and compared depression score means by gender and time. Finally, we examined the association between depression scores and self-rated health. Results: Our analyses indicated the CAL-DM is a robust scale, suitable for time, gender, and time by gender comparisons. Mean comparisons exemplified how the scale can be used as a latent variable or a summative score. Women have higher depression scores than men and the gap is narrowing from 3.4 in 2002 to 2.5 in 2009. Conclusions: The CAL-DM is a reliable instrument to measure depression in the Mexican general population that can be used for epidemiological research. Our results will contribute to a burgeoning line of research that examines the social determinants of depression, and the risk factors associated with different individuals' depression trajectories over the life course.
MeSH term(s)	Depression/diagnosis ; Depression/epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychometrics/methods ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2098765-1
ISSN	1477-7525 ; 1477-7525
ISSN (online)	1477-7525
ISSN	1477-7525
DOI	10.1186/s12955-022-02007-8
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Article ; Online: Association between Feelings of Trust and Security with Subjective Health among Mexican Migrants in the New York City Area.

Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Vilar-Compte, Mireya / Ferré-Eguiluz, Isabel / Ortiz, Luis / Garcia, Erika

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 4

Abstract: The size of the foreign-born population living in the United States makes migrants' health a substantive policy issue. The health status of Mexican immigrants might be affected by the level of social capital and the social context, including the rhetoric ...

Abstract	The size of the foreign-born population living in the United States makes migrants' health a substantive policy issue. The health status of Mexican immigrants might be affected by the level of social capital and the social context, including the rhetoric around immigration. We hypothesize that a diminished perception of trust and safety in the community has a negative impact on self-reported health. In a cross-sectional study, we conducted a survey among 266 Mexican Immigrants in the New York City Area who used the Mexican Consulate between May and June 2019 for regular services provided to documented and undocumented immigrants. A univariate and bivariate descriptive analysis by trust and security items first shows the diversity of the Mexican population living in the US and the conditions of vulnerability. Then, logistic regression models estimate the association between trust and security items with self-reported health status. Results show that safety is consistently associated with good self-rated health, especially when rating the neighborhood, and trust showed mixed results, more reliant to the way it is operationalized. The study illustrates a pathway by which perceptions of the social context are associated with migrants' health.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; United States ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Trust ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; New York City ; Emotions ; Transients and Migrants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20042981
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of food insecurity and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

De la Vega Martínez Alán / Rosas-Carrasco Oscar / Gaitán-Rossi Pablo / Ancira-Moreno Mónica / López-Teros Miriam

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

A secondary analysis of ENCOVID-19 survey

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: IntroductionCOVID-19 infection has caused high rates of morbi-mortality in older adults (OAs). In addition, conditions such as depression, anxiety, unemployment, and poverty frequently contribute to this population being at higher risk of food insecurity ...

Abstract	IntroductionCOVID-19 infection has caused high rates of morbi-mortality in older adults (OAs). In addition, conditions such as depression, anxiety, unemployment, and poverty frequently contribute to this population being at higher risk of food insecurity (FI) during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the prevalence of FI and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms in Mexican OAs during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis study involved a secondary analysis of the National Survey on the Effects of COVID-19 on the Wellbeing of Mexican Households (ENCOVID-19), a series of cross-sectional telephone surveys conducted between April and October 2020. The OA subsample was 1,065. FI was measured by using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA), and depression and anxiety symptoms were measured by using the Depression Scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies (CESD-7) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), respectively. Socioeconomic status (SES), occupation, schooling, and pension were also evaluated. ANOVA was used to compare the variables between the different FI groups, and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk between FI and the anxiety and depression variables.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 67.31 ± 6.4 years, and FI was classified as mild, moderate, and severe, with prevalences of 38.6, 15.04, and 8.16%, respectively. Overall, 28.01% of the OAs presented symptoms of anxiety and 39.09% of depression. In the comparison between groups, a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed with a higher degree of FI, with 65.75% in moderate-to-severe, 10.39% in mild, and 9.40% without FI, p ≤ 0.000. Regarding anxiety symptoms, 48% of the OAs showed moderate-to-severe, 30.05% showed mild, and 15.38% were without FI, p ≤ 0.000. Using multiple logistic regression, an OR of 5.50 (95% CI 2.74–11.04) was observed for depressive symptoms when moderate-to-severe FI is present. In the case of the risk of anxiety symptoms, it was ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; depression ; anxiety ; food insecurity ; older adults ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: A Qualitative Assessment of the Essential Health and Nutrition Service Delivery in the Context of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: The Perspective of Divisional Directors.

Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Vilar-Compte, Mireya / Cruz-Villalba, Valeria / Sabina, Nazme / Villar-Uribe, Manuela

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 9

Abstract: Bangladesh suffered disruptions in the utilization of essential health and nutrition services (EHNS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The magnitude of the pandemic has been documented, but little is known from the perspectives of health administrators. A ... ...

Abstract	Bangladesh suffered disruptions in the utilization of essential health and nutrition services (EHNS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The magnitude of the pandemic has been documented, but little is known from the perspectives of health administrators. A rapid qualitative assessment of division-level capacity identified successes and bottlenecks in providing EHNS- and COVID-19-related services during the first months of the pandemic in Bangladesh. Semi-structured interviews were held with the Health and Family Planning Divisional Directors of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The Primary Health Care System Framework guided the content analysis, focusing on (i) service delivery, (ii) communication and community outreach, and (iii) surveillance and service monitoring. Our findings identified low care seeking due to fears of getting infected and unawareness that EHNS were still available. Adaptations to telemedicine were highly heterogeneous between divisions, but collaboration with NGOs were fruitful in reinstating outreach activities. Guidelines were centered on COVID-19 information and less so on EHNS. The inflexibility of spending capacities at divisional and clinic levels hindered service provision. Misinformation and information voids were difficult to handle all around the country. Community health workers were useful for outreach communication. EHNS must be guaranteed during sanitary emergencies, and Bangladesh presented with both significant efforts and areas of opportunity for improvement.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10091619
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Article ; Online: Barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Mexico City.

Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Mendez-Rosenzweig, Miranda / García-Alberto, Erika / Vilar-Compte, Mireya

International journal for equity in health

2022 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 85

Abstract: Vaccines are effective to reduce COVID-19 related outcomes, but universal vaccination campaigns can reveal within-country access inequities. Mexico City has had high rates of COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality and a population survey warned that ... ...

Abstract	Vaccines are effective to reduce COVID-19 related outcomes, but universal vaccination campaigns can reveal within-country access inequities. Mexico City has had high rates of COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality and a population survey warned that vaccine acceptance was lowest in older adults. Since February 2021, Mexico started a universal and free vaccination campaign prioritizing older adults. By April 17, every older adult in Mexico City had been eligible to receive the first dose. A week later, we conducted a telephone survey representative of older adults residing in Mexico City (n = 503). We asked if they received their first dose and, if they haven't, we followed-up with an open question to register their reasons. In addition to sociodemographic characteristics and food insecurity, we also inquired about vaccine hesitancy, health concerns related to COVID-19, self-rated health, comorbidities, frailty, and depression. The objective of the study was to identify the main barriers to receive the first dose of the vaccine. We estimated descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Results show that 7.6% of older adults in Mexico City did not receive their first dose. Barriers for not receiving it were vaccine hesitancy (60.4%), not having COVID-19 health concerns (46.4%), poor self-rated health (46.7%), a previous diagnosis of depression (35.7%), low socioeconomic status (65.4%), and household food insecurity (59.8%). Responses to the open question clustered in four themes: misinformation about the process (30%), distrust of the vaccine (24%), personal health problems (24%), and difficulties to get an appointment (22%). Logistic regression models adjusted for vaccine hesitancy and revealed two distinct reasons for not having their first dose: 1) vaccine hesitancy and misinformation on COVID-19, and 2) household food insecurity. Reaching these two groups requires active and differentiated public-health measures; the first with additional information from trusted sources, and the second by facilitating vaccination in neighborhoods with high levels of food insecurity and informal labor, where missing a day's work is a strong disincentive. Vaccination campaigns need an equity lens to reach universal coverage; ensuring full access demands thorough and carefully tailored new interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2092056-8
ISSN	1475-9276 ; 1475-9276
ISSN (online)	1475-9276
ISSN	1475-9276
DOI	10.1186/s12939-022-01685-6
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Article ; Online: [No title information]

Lozano-Hidalgo, Erika / Hernández Fernández, Mauricio / Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Vilar-Compte, Mireya

Salud publica de Mexico

2022 Volume 64, Issue 4, jul-ago, Page(s) 357–366

Abstract: Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia con la que se consumen algunos alimentos recomendables y no recomendables du-rante la pandemia por Covid-19 en México, y su asociación con características sociodemográficas y seguridad alimentaria. Material y métodos. Se ... ...

Title translation	Aproximación al consumo de alimentos recomendables y no recomendables en la primera ola de la pandemia por Covid-19 en México.
Abstract	Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia con la que se consumen algunos alimentos recomendables y no recomendables du-rante la pandemia por Covid-19 en México, y su asociación con características sociodemográficas y seguridad alimentaria. Material y métodos. Se analizó la Encuesta de Seguimien-to de los Efectos del Covid en el Bienestar de los Hogares Mexicanos (Encovid-19). Se identificaron cuatro grupos con información de la frecuencia de su consumo y se estimaron modelos de regresión logística ajustando por características sociodemográficas y seguridad alimentaria. Resultados: Los niveles socioeconómicos más altos A/B y C se asociaron con una mayor frecuencia de consumo de alimentos recomenda-bles y no recomendables. La inseguridad leve se asoció con un menor consumo de alimentos recomendables, y la inseguridad moderada y severa se asociaron con un menor consumo de todos los grupos estudiados. Conclusiones: Comprender la experiencia de la inseguridad alimentaria durante una cri-sis como la pandemia puede indicar la necesidad de incluir grupos de población tradicionalmente no considerados en los programas de apoyo.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Food ; Humans ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Chemokine CCL5
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2022-06-29
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	954220-6
ISSN	1606-7916 ; 0036-3634
ISSN (online)	1606-7916
ISSN	0036-3634
DOI	10.21149/13342
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Article ; Online: [No title information]

Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Pérez-Hernández, Víctor / Vilar-Compte, Mireya / Teruel-Belismelis, Graciela

Salud publica de Mexico

2022 Volume 64, Issue 4, jul-ago, Page(s) 341–342

Abstract: No disponible. ...

Title translation	Respuesta a la crítica del artículo “Prevalencia mensual de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en México”.
Abstract	No disponible.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety Disorders ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Mexico ; Pandemics ; Prevalence
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	954220-6
ISSN	1606-7916 ; 0036-3634
ISSN (online)	1606-7916
ISSN	0036-3634
DOI	10.21149/13653
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Article ; Online: A declaration on the value of experiential measures of food and water insecurity to improve science and policies in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Melgar-Quiñonez, Hugo / Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael / Shamah-Levy, Teresa / Teruel-Belismelis, Graciela / Young, Sera L

International journal for equity in health

2023 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 184

Abstract: Background: Water security is necessary for good health, nutrition, and wellbeing, but experiences with water have not typically been measured. Given that measurement of experiences with food access, use, acceptability, and reliability (stability) has ... ...

Abstract	Background: Water security is necessary for good health, nutrition, and wellbeing, but experiences with water have not typically been measured. Given that measurement of experiences with food access, use, acceptability, and reliability (stability) has greatly expanded our ability to promote food security, there is an urgent need to similarly improve the measurement of water security. The Water InSecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales show promise in doing so because they capture user-side experiences with water in a more holistic and precise way than traditional supply- side indicators. Early use of the WISE Scales in Latin American & the Caribbean (LAC) has revealed great promise, although representative data are lacking for most of the region. Concurrent measurement of experiential food and water insecurity has the potential to inform the development of better-targeted interventions that can advance human and planetary health. Main text: On April 20-21, 2023, policymakers, community organizers, and researchers convened at Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City to discuss lessons learned from using experiential measures of food and water insecurity in LAC. At the meeting's close, organizers read a Declaration that incorporated key meeting messages. The Declaration recognizes the magnitude and severity of the water crisis in the region as well as globally. It acknowledges that traditional measurement tools do not capture many salient water access, use, and reliability challenges. It recognizes that the WISE Scales have the potential to assess the magnitude of water insecurity more comprehensively and accurately at community, state, and national levels, as well as its (inequitable) relationship with poverty, poor health. As such, WISE data can play an important role in ensuring more accountability and strengthening water systems governance through improved public policies and programs. Declaration signatories express their willingness to promote the widespread use of the WISE Scales to understand the prevalence of water insecurity, guide investment decisions, measure the impacts of interventions and natural shocks, and improve public health. Conclusions: Fifty-three attendees endorsed the Declaration - available in English, Spanish and Portuguese- as an important step to making progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6, "Clean Water and Sanitation for All", and towards the realization of the human right to water.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Latin America ; Reproducibility of Results ; Water Insecurity ; Caribbean Region ; Public Policy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2092056-8
ISSN	1475-9276 ; 1475-9276
ISSN (online)	1475-9276
ISSN	1475-9276
DOI	10.1186/s12939-023-01956-w
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Article ; Online: Prevalencia mensual de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en México.

Gaitán-Rossi, Pablo / Pérez-Hernández, Víctor / Vilar-Compte, Mireya / Graciela, Teruel-Belismelis

Salud publica de Mexico

2021 Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 478–485

Abstract: Objective. Estimate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from April to June 2020. Materials and methods. Repeated cross-sections design based in the Encovid-19, a series of monthly mobile surveys with representative samples of Mexico (N= ... ...

Title translation	Monthly prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico.
Abstract	Objective. Estimate the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from April to June 2020. Materials and methods. Repeated cross-sections design based in the Encovid-19, a series of monthly mobile surveys with representative samples of Mexico (N= 833-1 674). The questionnaire includes the GAD-2 scale, and, in July, the GAD-7 scale was added; we examined its internal validity with confirmatory factor analysis and its concurrent validity with sociodemographic variables. Using GAD-7 as criterion, we analyzed the predictive validity of the GAD-2. We estimated the monthly prevalence with the GAD-2. Results. The GAD-7 and the GAD-2 are reliable and valid. The GAD-2 has a sensitivity of 0.87 and a specificity of 0.90. The monthly prevalence remains high and stable, between 30.7 and 32.6%. GAD concentrated in women, unemployed and persons with low socioeconomic status. Conclusions. GAD is a public health problem that worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	954220-6
ISSN	1606-7916 ; 0036-3634
ISSN (online)	1606-7916
ISSN	0036-3634
DOI	10.21149/12257
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