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Article ; Online: Low coverage of species constrains the use of DNA barcoding to assess mosquito biodiversity.

Moraes Zenker, Maurício / Portella, Tatiana Pineda / Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa / Bengtsson-Palme, Johan / Galetti, Pedro Manoel

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7432

Abstract: Mosquitoes (Culicidae) represent the main vector insects globally, and they also inhabit many of the terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the world. DNA barcoding and metabarcoding are now widely used in both research and routine practices involving ... ...

Abstract	Mosquitoes (Culicidae) represent the main vector insects globally, and they also inhabit many of the terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the world. DNA barcoding and metabarcoding are now widely used in both research and routine practices involving mosquitoes. However, these methodologies rely on information available in databases consisting of barcode sequences representing taxonomically identified voucher specimens. In this study, we assess the availability of public data for mosquitoes in the main online databases, focusing specifically on the two most widely used DNA barcoding markers in Culicidae: COI and ITS2. In addition, we test hypotheses on possible factors affecting species coverage (i.e., the percentage of species covered in the online databases) for COI in different countries and the occurrence of the DNA barcode gap for COI. Our findings showed differences in the data publicly available in the repositories, with a taxonomic or species coverage of 28.4-30.11% for COI in BOLD + GenBank, and 12.32% for ITS2 in GenBank. Afrotropical, Australian and Oriental biogeographic regions had the lowest coverages, while Nearctic, Palearctic and Oceanian had the highest. The Neotropical region had an intermediate coverage. In general, countries with a higher diversity of mosquitoes and higher numbers of medically important species had lower coverage. Moreover, countries with a higher number of endemic species tended to have a higher coverage. Although our DNA barcode gap analyses suggested that the species boundaries need to be revised in half of the mosquito species available in the databases, additional data must be gathered to confirm these results and to allow explaining the occurrence of the DNA barcode gap. We hope this study can help guide regional species inventories of mosquitoes and the completion of a publicly available reference library of DNA barcodes for all mosquito species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Culicidae/genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; Mosquito Vectors ; Australia ; DNA/genetics ; Biodiversity
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-58071-1
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Article ; Online: Genetic diversity in ex situ populations of the endangered Leontopithecus chrysomelas and implications for its conservation.

Aliaga-Samanez, Gabriela Guadalupe / Bulhões Javarotti, Nathalia / Orecife, Gisele / Chávez-Congrains, Karla / Pissinatti, Alcides / Monticelli, Cauê / Cristina Marques, Mara / Galbusera, Peter / Galetti, Pedro Manoel / Domingues de Freitas, Patrícia

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0288097

Abstract: Leontopithecus chrysomelas, the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (GHLT), is an endangered and endemic Neotropical primate from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil that has suffered a reduction of its habitat and population size in the wild. Ex situ populations have ... ...

Abstract	Leontopithecus chrysomelas, the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (GHLT), is an endangered and endemic Neotropical primate from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil that has suffered a reduction of its habitat and population size in the wild. Ex situ populations have been established as a relevant alternative to safeguard the species and retain its genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of the two main Brazilian captive populations of GHLT, which have been under human care at the Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ) and the Zoological Park Foundation of São Paulo (FPZSP). Our results revealed levels of genetic diversity overall comparable to those observed for other Leontopithecus species and for ex situ and in situ populations of GHLT previously studied. Bayesian and principal coordinate analyses showed a moderate differentiation between CPRJ and FPZSP populations. Both populations presented observed heterozygosity values higher than expected heterozygosity values for most of the microsatellites used in this study, suggesting that the management has been efficient in avoiding an increase in homozygosity. However, simulations point to a significant loss of genetic diversity in the next 100 years, mainly in the FPZSP population. Such data are relevant for further decision-making on the metapopulation management of L. chrysomelas in captive conditions and for integrating in situ and ex situ conservation plans.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Leontopithecus/genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Endangered Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0288097
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Article: Moderate Genetic Diversity and Demographic Reduction in the Threatened Giant Anteater,

Barragán-Ruiz, Carmen Elena / Silva-Santos, Rosane / Saranholi, Bruno H / Desbiez, Arnaud L J / Galetti, Pedro Manoel

Frontiers in genetics

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 669350

Abstract: In general, large mammal species with highly specialized feeding behavior and solitary habits are expected to suffer genetic consequences from habitat loss and fragmentation. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the genetic diversity distribution of the ... ...

Abstract	In general, large mammal species with highly specialized feeding behavior and solitary habits are expected to suffer genetic consequences from habitat loss and fragmentation. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the genetic diversity distribution of the threatened giant anteater inhabiting a human-modified landscape. We used 10 microsatellite loci to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 107 giant anteaters sampled in the Brazilian Central-Western region. No genetic population structuring was observed in this region suggesting no gene flow restriction within the studied area. On the other hand, the moderate level of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.54), recent bottleneck detected and inbreeding (F
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606823-0
ISSN	1664-8021
ISSN	1664-8021
DOI	10.3389/fgene.2021.669350
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Article ; Online: A role of asynchrony of seasons in explaining genetic differentiation in a Neotropical toad.

Thomé, Maria Tereza C / Carstens, Bryan C / Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut / Galetti, Pedro Manoel / Alexandrino, João / Haddad, Célio F B

Heredity

2021 Volume 127, Issue 4, Page(s) 363–372

Abstract: The process of diversification can be studied at the phylogeographic level by attempting to identify the environmental features that promote and maintain population divergence. Here we investigate diversification in Rhinella granulosa, a Neotropical toad ...

Abstract	The process of diversification can be studied at the phylogeographic level by attempting to identify the environmental features that promote and maintain population divergence. Here we investigate diversification in Rhinella granulosa, a Neotropical toad from northeastern Brazil, by testing a range of hypotheses that encompass different putative mechanisms reducing gene flow among populations. We sequenced single nucleotide polymorphisms and examined individual predictions related to the role of geographic barriers (rivers), ecological gradients, historical habitat stability, and spatial variation in climate seasonality, also known as the asynchrony of seasons hypothesis. This hypothesis postulates that temporal asynchrony of wet and dry seasons over short distances causes parapatric populations to become isolated by time. After determining genetic structure, inferring past distributions, ranking demographic models, and estimating the power of monthly climatic variables, our results identified two populations that are not associated with geographic barriers, biome gradients, or historical refugia. Instead, they are predicted by spatial variation in monthly rainfall and minimum temperature, consistent with the asynchrony of seasons hypothesis, supported also by our comparative framework using multiple matrix regression and linear mixed effects modeling. Due to the toad's life history, climate likely mediates gene flow directly, with genetic differentiation being provoked by neutral mechanisms related to climate driven population isolation, and/or by natural selection against migrants from populations with different breeding times. The asynchrony of seasons hypothesis is seldom considered in phylogeographic studies, but our results indicate that it should be tested in systems where breeding is tightly coupled with climate.
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Seasons
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2423-5
ISSN	1365-2540 ; 0018-067X
ISSN (online)	1365-2540
ISSN	0018-067X
DOI	10.1038/s41437-021-00460-7
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Article ; Online: Informative microsatellites for genetic population studies of black-faced lion tamarins (Leontopithecus caissara).

Martins, Milene Moura / Galetti, Pedro Manoel

Genetics and molecular biology

2011 Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 173–175

Abstract: Leontopithecus caissara is a critically endangered primate species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Nineteen microsatellite loci, previously developed for congeneric species, were tested with 34 L. caissara individuals from Superagüi Island. Of the 19 ...

Abstract	Leontopithecus caissara is a critically endangered primate species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Nineteen microsatellite loci, previously developed for congeneric species, were tested with 34 L. caissara individuals from Superagüi Island. Of the 19 loci, 17 (89.4%) produced robust alleles, nine (47.4%) of these proved to be polymorphic, with a total of 23 alleles and an average of 2.56 alleles per locus. Expected and observed heterozygosity averaged 0.483 and 0.561, respectively. The exclusion power for identifying the first parent of an arbitrary offspring was 0.315 over all loci. The results thus indicate both the usefulness and limitations of these nine microsatellite loci in the genetic analysis of L. caissara, as well as their potentiality for genetic investigation in other congeneric species.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-03-01
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1445712-x
ISSN	1678-4685 ; 1415-4757
ISSN (online)	1678-4685
ISSN	1415-4757
DOI	10.1590/S1415-47572010005000111
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Article ; Online: Patterns of orchid bee species diversity and turnover among forested plateaus of central Amazonia.

Antonini, Yasmine / Machado, Carolina de Barros / Galetti, Pedro Manoel / Oliveira, Marcio / Dirzo, Rodolfo / Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) e0175884

Abstract: The knowledge of spatial pattern and geographic beta-diversity is of great importance for biodiversity conservation and interpreting ecological information. Tropical forests, especially the Amazon Rainforest, are well known for their high species ... ...

Abstract	The knowledge of spatial pattern and geographic beta-diversity is of great importance for biodiversity conservation and interpreting ecological information. Tropical forests, especially the Amazon Rainforest, are well known for their high species richness and low similarity in species composition between sites, both at local and regional scales. We aimed to determine the effect and relative importance of area, isolation and climate on species richness and turnover in orchid bee assemblages among plateaus in central Brazilian Amazonia. Variance partitioning techniques were applied to assess the relative effects of spatial and environmental variables on bee species richness, phylogeny and composition. We hypothesized that greater abundance and richness of orchid bees would be found on larger plateaus, with a set of core species occurring on all of them. We also hypothesized that smaller plateaus would possess lower phylogenetic diversity. We found 55 bee species distributed along the nine sampling sites (plateaus) with 17 of them being singletons. There was a significant decrease in species richness with decreasing size of plateaus, and a significant decrease in the similarity in species composition with greater distance and climatic variation among sampling sites. Phylogenetic diversity varied among the sampling sites but was directly related to species richness. Although not significantly related to plateau area, smaller or larger PDFaith were observed in the smallest and the largest plateaus, respectively.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Bees/classification ; Bees/genetics ; Bees/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Genetic Loci ; Male ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Rainforest ; Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0175884
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Article: Contributions to the cytogenetics of the Neotropical fish fauna.

Bertollo, Luiz Antônio Carlos / Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello / Galetti, Pedro Manoel / Filho, Orlando Moreira

Comparative cytogenetics

2017 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 665–690

Abstract: Brazilian fish cytogenetics started as early as the seventies in three pioneering research groups, located at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, Botucatu, SP), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar, São Carlos, SP) and Universidade de São ... ...

Abstract	Brazilian fish cytogenetics started as early as the seventies in three pioneering research groups, located at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, Botucatu, SP), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar, São Carlos, SP) and Universidade de São Paulo (USP, São Paulo, SP). Investigations that have been conducted in these groups led to the discovery of a huge chromosomal and genomic biodiversity among Neotropical fishes. Besides, they also provided the expansion of this research area, with the genesis of several other South American research groups, in view of a number of dissertations and doctoral theses developed over years. The current authors were encouraged to make their thesis catalog accessible from a public source, in order to share informations on the taxa and subject matter analyzed. Some of the key contributions to evolutionary fish cytogenetics are also being highligthed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-20
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572457-5
ISSN	1993-078X ; 1993-0771
ISSN (online)	1993-078X
ISSN	1993-0771
DOI	10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.14713
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Article ; Online: Next-Generation Sequencing of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Endangered Species Black Lion Tamarin

de Freitas, Patrícia Domingues / Mendez, Fernando Luis / Chávez-Congrains, Karla / Galetti, Pedro Manoel / Coutinho, Luiz Lehmann / Pissinatti, Alcides / Bustamante, Carlos Daniel

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

2018 Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) 1985–1991

Abstract: We describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Black Lion Tamarin, an endangered primate species endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. We assembled ... ...

Abstract	We describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Black Lion Tamarin, an endangered primate species endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. We assembled the
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Base Sequence ; Endangered Species ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Leontopithecus/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Nucleotides/genetics ; Phylogeny
Chemical Substances	Nucleotides
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2629978-1
ISSN	2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
ISSN (online)	2160-1836
ISSN	2160-1836
DOI	10.1534/g3.118.200153
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Article: Early replication banding in Leporinus species (Osteichthyes, Characiformes) bearing differentiated sex chromosomes (ZW).

Molina, Wagner Franco / Galetti, Pedro Manoel

Genetica

2007 Volume 130, Issue 2, Page(s) 153–160

Abstract: There are few examples of differentiated sex chromosomes in fishes. In the genus Leporinus, seven species present a highly differentiated ZW system, derived from heterochromatinization process. Cytogenetic analyses carried out in three of these fish ... ...

Abstract	There are few examples of differentiated sex chromosomes in fishes. In the genus Leporinus, seven species present a highly differentiated ZW system, derived from heterochromatinization process. Cytogenetic analyses carried out in three of these fish species, Leporinus obtusidens, L. elongatus and L. reinhardti, through RBG-banding, showed late replication bands, coincident with heterochromatic regions in both Z and W chromosomes. A similar interstitial early replication segment was observed in the complex heterochromatic region along the Wq arms in the three species, which might correspond to a pseudoautosomal segment (SD, sex determining locus). Asynchrony related to the replication pattern among different Z chromosomes was not observed. When the identification of nuclear organizer regions by silver nitrate was performed over chromosomal preparations previously exposed to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), remarkable positive signals at interstitial and telomeric position were observed on the q arms of W chromosomes in the species L. elongatus and L. reinhardti. The absence of 18S ribosomal RNA gene loci in this region, formerly demonstrated by FISH, indicates that this argentophilic behavior is putatively due to heterochromatin decondensation caused by BrdU incorporation, favoring such Ag+ reaction. Early and late replication bands were also observed in the heterochromatic portions of Z and W chromosomes, indicating that euchromatic and heterochromatic regions are interspersed. The present data suggest a significant level of heterochromatic complexity in the sex chromosomes of each species. On the other hand, the replication pattern shared by them supports a monophyletic origin.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Base Composition ; Chromosome Banding ; DNA/chemistry ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Replication Timing ; Female ; Fishes/genetics ; Heterochromatin/genetics ; Male ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; Species Specificity
Chemical Substances	Heterochromatin ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2165-9
ISSN	0016-6707
ISSN	0016-6707
DOI	10.1007/s10709-006-9002-z
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Article: Mapping of the 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in the fish Prochilodus argenteus Agassiz, 1829 (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae).

Hatanaka, Terumi / Galetti, Pedro Manoel Júnior

Genetica

2004 Volume 122, Issue 3, Page(s) 239–244

Abstract: A single NOR-bearing chromosome pair was identified by silver nitrate staining in a previous study of the fish Prochilodus argenteus from the São Francisco River (MG, Brazil), with a third metacentric chromosome sporadically bearing active NOR. The ... ...

Abstract	A single NOR-bearing chromosome pair was identified by silver nitrate staining in a previous study of the fish Prochilodus argenteus from the São Francisco River (MG, Brazil), with a third metacentric chromosome sporadically bearing active NOR. The present study focused on an analysis of the chromosomal localization of both the major (45S) and the minor (5S) rRNA genes using FISH. The use of the 18S rDNA probe confirmed the previous Ag-NOR sites interstitially located in a large metacentric pair and also identified up to three other sites located in the telomeric regions of distinct chromosomes, characterizing an interindividual variation of these sites. In addition, the 5S rDNA site was revealed adjacent to the major NOR site, identified at the end of the large Ag-NOR bearing metacentric chromosome. In a few metaphases, an additional weak hybridization signal was observed in a third chromosome, possibly indicating the presence of another 5S rDNA cluster. Despite a lower karyotype diversification (2n = 54 and FN = 108) often observed among species of Prochilodontidae, variations involving both 45S and 5S rRNA genes could play an important role in their chromosome diversification.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Female ; Fishes/genetics ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Nucleolus Organizer Region/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5S ; RNA, ribosomal, 45S
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-11-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2165-9
ISSN	0016-6707
ISSN	0016-6707
DOI	10.1007/s10709-004-2039-y
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