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Article ; Online: A thermometer circuit for hot temperature adjusts Drosophila behavior to persistent heat.

Alpert, Michael H / Gil, Hamin / Para, Alessia / Gallio, Marco

2022 Volume 32, Issue 18, Page(s) 4079–4087.e4

Abstract: Small poikilotherms such as the fruit fly Drosophila depend on absolute temperature measurements to identify external conditions that are above (hot) or below (cold) their preferred range and to react accordingly. Hot and cold temperatures have a ... ...

Abstract	Small poikilotherms such as the fruit fly Drosophila depend on absolute temperature measurements to identify external conditions that are above (hot) or below (cold) their preferred range and to react accordingly. Hot and cold temperatures have a different impact on fly activity and sleep, but the circuits and mechanisms that adjust behavior to specific thermal conditions are not well understood. Here, we use patch-clamp electrophysiology to show that internal thermosensory neurons located within the fly head capsule (the AC neurons
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Drosophila/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Temperature ; Thermometers
Chemical Substances	Drosophila Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.060
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Article ; Online: Sensory biology: The bitter aftertaste.

Lee, Hojoon / Alpert, Michael H / Gallio, Marco

Current biology : CB

2021 Volume 31, Issue 24, Page(s) R1570–R1573

Abstract: Bitter taste signals a potentially toxic food that should be avoided. A new study shows that taste neurons in Drosophila produce distinct responses after a bitter sip. A bitter aftertaste may help the fly make wise food choices. ...

Abstract	Bitter taste signals a potentially toxic food that should be avoided. A new study shows that taste neurons in Drosophila produce distinct responses after a bitter sip. A bitter aftertaste may help the fly make wise food choices.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biology ; Drosophila/physiology ; Food Preferences ; Taste/physiology ; Taste Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.021
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Article ; Online: Catching more flies with vinegar.

Jouandet, Genevieve C / Gallio, Marco

eLife

2015 Volume 4

Abstract: Two signalling pathways work together to reshape olfactory responses so that hungry flies are attracted to food sources they would otherwise ignore. ...

Abstract	Two signalling pathways work together to reshape olfactory responses so that hungry flies are attracted to food sources they would otherwise ignore.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Appetitive Behavior ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Olfactory Perception ; Starvation
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.10535
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Article ; Online: Recovery from cold-induced reproductive dormancy is regulated by temperature-dependent AstC signaling.

Meiselman, Matthew R / Alpert, Michael H / Cui, Xinyue / Shea, Jamien / Gregg, Ian / Gallio, Marco / Yapici, Nilay

Current biology : CB

2022 Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 1362–1375.e8

Abstract: Animals have evolved a variety of behaviors to cope with adverse environmental conditions. Similar to other insects, the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, responds to sustained cold by reducing its metabolic rate and arresting its reproduction. Here, we show ...

Abstract	Animals have evolved a variety of behaviors to cope with adverse environmental conditions. Similar to other insects, the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, responds to sustained cold by reducing its metabolic rate and arresting its reproduction. Here, we show that a subset of dorsal neurons (DN3s) that express the neuropeptide allatostatin C (AstC) facilitates recovery from cold-induced reproductive dormancy. The activity of AstC-expressing DN3s, as well as AstC peptide levels, are suppressed by cold. Cold temperature also impacts AstC levels in other Drosophila species and mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. The stimulatory effect of AstC on egg production is mediated by cholinergic AstC-R2 neurons. Our results demonstrate that DN3s coordinate female reproductive capacity with environmental temperature via AstC signaling. AstC/AstC-R2 is conserved across many insect species and their role in regulating female reproductive capacity makes them an ideal target for controlling the population of agricultural pests and human disease vectors.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Female ; Mosquito Vectors ; Neuropeptides/genetics ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Neuropeptides ; allatostatin (110119-33-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.061
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Article ; Online: Rapid threat assessment in the Drosophila thermosensory system.

Jouandet, Genevieve C / Alpert, Michael H / Simões, José Miguel / Suhendra, Richard / Frank, Dominic D / Levy, Joshua I / Para, Alessia / Kath, William L / Gallio, Marco

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7067

Abstract: Neurons that participate in sensory processing often display "ON" responses, i.e., fire transiently at the onset of a stimulus. ON transients are widespread, perhaps universal to sensory coding, yet their function is not always well-understood. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	Neurons that participate in sensory processing often display "ON" responses, i.e., fire transiently at the onset of a stimulus. ON transients are widespread, perhaps universal to sensory coding, yet their function is not always well-understood. Here, we show that ON responses in the Drosophila thermosensory system extrapolate the trajectory of temperature change, priming escape behavior if unsafe thermal conditions are imminent. First, we show that second-order thermosensory projection neurons (TPN-IIIs) and their Lateral Horn targets (TLHONs), display ON responses to thermal stimuli, independent of direction of change (heating or cooling) and of absolute temperature. Instead, they track the rate of temperature change, with TLHONs firing exclusively to rapid changes (>0.2 °C/s). Next, we use connectomics to track TLHONs' output to descending neurons that control walking and escape, and modeling and genetic silencing to demonstrate how ON transients can flexibly amplify aversive responses to small thermal change. Our results suggest that, across sensory systems, ON transients may represent a general mechanism to systematically anticipate and respond to salient or dangerous conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drosophila ; Neurons/physiology ; Sensation/physiology ; Temperature ; Cold Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-42864-5
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Article ; Online: A Circuit Encoding Absolute Cold Temperature in Drosophila.

Alpert, Michael H / Frank, Dominic D / Kaspi, Evan / Flourakis, Matthieu / Zaharieva, Emanuela E / Allada, Ravi / Para, Alessia / Gallio, Marco

Current biology : CB

2020 Volume 30, Issue 12, Page(s) 2275–2288.e5

Abstract: Animals react to environmental changes over timescales ranging from seconds to days and weeks. An important question is how sensory stimuli are parsed into neural signals operating over such diverse temporal scales. Here, we uncover a specialized circuit, ...

Abstract	Animals react to environmental changes over timescales ranging from seconds to days and weeks. An important question is how sensory stimuli are parsed into neural signals operating over such diverse temporal scales. Here, we uncover a specialized circuit, from sensory neurons to higher brain centers, that processes information about long-lasting, absolute cold temperature in Drosophila. We identify second-order thermosensory projection neurons (TPN-IIs) exhibiting sustained firing that scales with absolute temperature. Strikingly, this activity only appears below the species-specific, preferred temperature for D. melanogaster (∼25°C). We trace the inputs and outputs of TPN-IIs and find that they are embedded in a cold "thermometer" circuit that provides powerful and persistent inhibition to brain centers involved in regulating sleep and activity. Our results demonstrate that the fly nervous system selectively encodes and relays absolute temperature information and illustrate a sensory mechanism that allows animals to adapt behavior specifically to cold conditions on the timescale of hours to days.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Cold Temperature ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; Sleep/physiology ; Thermosensing/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.038
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Article ; Online: Robustness and plasticity in Drosophila heat avoidance.

Simões, José Miguel / Levy, Joshua I / Zaharieva, Emanuela E / Vinson, Leah T / Zhao, Peixiong / Alpert, Michael H / Kath, William L / Para, Alessia / Gallio, Marco

Nature communications

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2044

Abstract: Simple innate behavior is often described as hard-wired and largely inflexible. Here, we show that the avoidance of hot temperature, a simple innate behavior, contains unexpected plasticity in Drosophila. First, we demonstrate that hot receptor neurons ... ...

Abstract	Simple innate behavior is often described as hard-wired and largely inflexible. Here, we show that the avoidance of hot temperature, a simple innate behavior, contains unexpected plasticity in Drosophila. First, we demonstrate that hot receptor neurons of the antenna and their molecular heat sensor, Gr28B.d, are essential for flies to produce escape turns away from heat. High-resolution fly tracking combined with a 3D simulation of the thermal environment shows that, in steep thermal gradients, the direction of escape turns is determined by minute temperature differences between the antennae (0.1°-1 °C). In parallel, live calcium imaging confirms that such small stimuli reliably activate both peripheral thermosensory neurons and central circuits. Next, based on our measurements, we evolve a fly/vehicle model with two symmetrical sensors and motors (a "Braitenberg vehicle") which closely approximates basic fly thermotaxis. Critical differences between real flies and the hard-wired vehicle reveal that fly heat avoidance involves decision-making, relies on rapid learning, and is robust to new conditions, features generally associated with more complex behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Choice Behavior ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Taxis Response/physiology ; Thermosensing/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-021-22322-w
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Article ; Online: The irritant receptor TRPA1 mediates the mosquito repellent effect of catnip.

Melo, Nadia / Capek, Matthew / Arenas, Oscar M / Afify, Ali / Yilmaz, Ayse / Potter, Christopher J / Laminette, Peter J / Para, Alessia / Gallio, Marco / Stensmyr, Marcus C

Current biology : CB

2021 Volume 31, Issue 9, Page(s) 1988–1994.e5

Abstract: Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a common garden herb well known for its euphoric and hallucinogenic effects on domestic cats, ...

Abstract	Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is a common garden herb well known for its euphoric and hallucinogenic effects on domestic cats,
MeSH term(s)	Aedes/genetics ; Animals ; Cats ; DEET/pharmacology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Insect Repellents/pharmacology ; Irritants ; Nepeta
Chemical Substances	Insect Repellents ; Irritants ; DEET (134-62-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.010
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Article: Providencia may help find a function for a novel, widespread protein family.

Gallio, M / Kylsten, P

Current biology : CB

2000 Volume 10, Issue 19, Page(s) R693–4

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Providencia/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2000-10-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00722-3
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Article ; Online: Temperature representation in the Drosophila brain.

Frank, Dominic D / Jouandet, Genevieve C / Kearney, Patrick J / Macpherson, Lindsey J / Gallio, Marco

Nature

2015 Volume 519, Issue 7543, Page(s) 358–361

Abstract: In Drosophila, rapid temperature changes are detected at the periphery by dedicated receptors forming a simple sensory map for hot and cold in the brain. However, flies show a host of complex innate and learned responses to temperature, indicating that ... ...

Abstract	In Drosophila, rapid temperature changes are detected at the periphery by dedicated receptors forming a simple sensory map for hot and cold in the brain. However, flies show a host of complex innate and learned responses to temperature, indicating that they are able to extract a range of information from this simple input. Here we define the anatomical and physiological repertoire for temperature representation in the Drosophila brain. First, we use a photolabelling strategy to trace the connections that relay peripheral thermosensory information to higher brain centres, and show that they largely converge onto three target regions: the mushroom body, the lateral horn (both of which are well known centres for sensory processing) and the posterior lateral protocerebrum, a region we now define as a major site of thermosensory representation. Next, using in vivo calcium imaging, we describe the thermosensory projection neurons selectively activated by hot or cold stimuli. Fast-adapting neurons display transient ON and OFF responses and track rapid temperature shifts remarkably well, while slow-adapting cell responses better reflect the magnitude of simple thermal changes. Unexpectedly, we also find a population of broadly tuned cells that respond to both heating and cooling, and show that they are required for normal behavioural avoidance of both hot and cold in a simple two-choice temperature preference assay. Taken together, our results uncover a coordinated ensemble of neural responses to temperature in the Drosophila brain, demonstrate that a broadly tuned thermal line contributes to rapid avoidance behaviour, and illustrate how stimulus quality, temporal structure, and intensity can be extracted from a simple glomerular map at a single synaptic station.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Brain/cytology ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Calcium/analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology ; Drosophila melanogaster/physiology ; Mushroom Bodies/innervation ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Temperature ; Thermoreceptors/metabolism ; Thermosensing/physiology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/nature14284
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