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  1. AU="Gancitano, Giuseppe"
  2. AU="Beaty, B J"
  3. AU="Kiès, Philippine"
  4. AU="Zlatko Trajanoski"
  5. AU="Hopke, Philip K"
  6. AU="Kothandaraman, Venkatraman"
  7. AU="Wiencek, Joesph R"
  8. AU="Gachon, Philippe"
  9. AU="Tsuboi, Yoshio"
  10. AU=Woolard Stacie N AU=Woolard Stacie N
  11. AU="Rowland, Jonathan"
  12. AU="Chloe C. Y. Wong"

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  1. Artikel: The Multiple Functions of Melatonin: Applications in the Military Setting.

    Gancitano, Giuseppe / Reiter, Russel J

    Biomedicines

    2022  Band 11, Heft 1

    Abstract: The aim of this review is to provide the reader with a general overview on the rationale for the use of melatonin by military personnel. This is a technique that is being increasingly employed to manage growing psycho-physical loads. In this context, ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this review is to provide the reader with a general overview on the rationale for the use of melatonin by military personnel. This is a technique that is being increasingly employed to manage growing psycho-physical loads. In this context, melatonin, a pleotropic and regulatory molecule, has a potential preventive and therapeutic role in maintaining the operational efficiency of military personnel. In battlefield conditions in particular, the time to treatment after an injury is often a major issue since the injured may not have immediate access to medical care. Any drug that would help to stabilize a wounded individual, especially if it can be immediately administered (e.g., per os) and has a very high safety profile over a large range of doses (as melatonin does) would be an important asset to reduce morbidity and mortality. Melatonin may also play a role in the oscillatory synchronization of the neuro-cardio-respiratory systems and, through its epigenetic action, poses the possibility of restoring the main oscillatory waves of the cardiovascular system, such as the Mayer wave and RSA (respiratory sinus arrhythmia), which, in physiological conditions, result in the oscillation of the heartbeat in synchrony with the breath. In the future, this could be a very promising field of investigation.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-12-21
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720867-9
    ISSN 2227-9059
    ISSN 2227-9059
    DOI 10.3390/biomedicines11010005
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: Echinacea as a Potential Force against Coronavirus Infections? A Mini-Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults and Children

    Nicolussi, Simon / Ardjomand-Woelkart, Karin / Stange, Rainer / Gancitano, Giuseppe / Klein, Peter / Ogal, Mercedes

    Microorganisms. 2022 Jan. 19, v. 10, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Echinacea purpurea has been shown to broadly inhibit coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. This review discusses the available clinical evidence from randomized, blinded and controlled human studies. Two RCTs capturing incidence of viral respiratory ... ...

    Abstract Echinacea purpurea has been shown to broadly inhibit coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. This review discusses the available clinical evidence from randomized, blinded and controlled human studies. Two RCTs capturing incidence of viral respiratory tract infections during Echinacea preventative treatment were identified including coronavirus infections. Incidence and/or viral loads were measured by RT-PCR and symptom severity was recorded. In a first study, Jawad et al. collected nasopharyngeal swabs from adults (N = 755) over 4 months of continuous prevention. Overall, 24 and 47 enveloped virus infections occurred, including 21 and 33 coronavirus detections (229E; HKU1; OC43) with Echinaforce® extract (2400 mg daily) and placebo, respectively (p = 0.0114). In a separate study, Ogal et al. administered the same extract (1200 mg) or control for 4 months to children (4–12 years) (N = 203). Echinacea reduced the incidence of enveloped virus infections from 47 to 29 (p = 0.0038) whereas 11 and 13 coronavirus detections (229E, OC43, NL63) were counted (p > 0.05). Respiratory symptoms during coronavirus infections were significantly lower with area-under-curve AUC = 75.8 (+/−50.24) versus 27.1 (+/−21.27) score points (p = 0.0036). Importantly, viral loads in nasal secretions were significantly reduced by 98.5% in the Echinacea group, with Ct-values 31.1 [95% CI 26.3; 35.9] versus 25.0 [95% CI 20.5; 29.5] in the control group (p = 0.0479). Results from clinical studies confirm the antiviral activity found for Echinacea in vitro, embracing enveloped respiratory pathogens and therefore coronaviruses as well. Substantiating results from a new, completed study seem to extrapolate these effects to the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections. As hypothesized, the established broad antiviral activity of Echinacea extract appears to be inclusive for SARS-CoV-2.
    Schlagwörter Echinacea purpurea ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; antiviral properties ; humans ; nose ; placebos ; viruses
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2022-0119
    Erscheinungsort Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10020211
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Artikel: Echinacea

    Nicolussi, Simon / Ardjomand-Woelkart, Karin / Stange, Rainer / Gancitano, Giuseppe / Klein, Peter / Ogal, Mercedes

    Microorganisms

    2022  Band 10, Heft 2

    Abstract: Echinacea ... ...

    Abstract Echinacea purpurea
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-19
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10020211
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm.

    Reiter, Russel J / Sharma, Ramaswamy / Cucielo, Maira Smaniotto / Tan, Dun Xian / Rosales-Corral, Sergio / Gancitano, Giuseppe / de Almeida Chuffa, Luiz Gustavo

    Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

    2023  Band 80, Heft 4, Seite(n) 88

    Abstract: The brain lacks a classic lymphatic drainage system. How it is cleansed of damaged proteins, cellular debris, and molecular by-products has remained a mystery for decades. Recent discoveries have identified a hybrid system that includes cerebrospinal ... ...

    Abstract The brain lacks a classic lymphatic drainage system. How it is cleansed of damaged proteins, cellular debris, and molecular by-products has remained a mystery for decades. Recent discoveries have identified a hybrid system that includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled perivascular spaces and classic lymph vessels in the dural covering of the brain and spinal cord that functionally cooperate to remove toxic and non-functional trash from the brain. These two components functioning together are referred to as the glymphatic system. We propose that the high levels of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland directly into the CSF play a role in flushing pathological molecules such as amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain via this network. Melatonin is a sleep-promoting agent, with waste clearance from the CNS being highest especially during slow wave sleep. Melatonin is also a potent and versatile antioxidant that prevents neural accumulation of oxidatively-damaged molecules which contribute to neurological decline. Due to its feedback actions on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, CSF melatonin rhythm functions to maintain optimal circadian rhythmicity, which is also critical for preserving neurocognitive health. Melatonin levels drop dramatically in the frail aged, potentially contributing to neurological failure and dementia. Melatonin supplementation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) defers Aβ accumulation, enhances its clearance from the CNS, and prolongs animal survival. In AD patients, preliminary data show that melatonin use reduces neurobehavioral signs such as sundowning. Finally, melatonin controls the mitotic activity of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone, suggesting its involvement in neuronal renewal.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Melatonin/cerebrospinal fluid ; Sleep ; Glymphatic System ; Aging ; Humans
    Chemische Substanzen Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-14
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-023-04736-5
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm

    Reiter, Russel J. / Sharma, Ramaswamy / Cucielo, Maira Smaniotto / Tan, Dun Xian / Rosales-Corral, Sergio / Gancitano, Giuseppe / de Almeida Chuffa, Luiz Gustavo

    Cell. Mol. Life Sci.. 2023 Apr., v. 80, no. 4 p.88-88

    2023  

    Abstract: The brain lacks a classic lymphatic drainage system. How it is cleansed of damaged proteins, cellular debris, and molecular by-products has remained a mystery for decades. Recent discoveries have identified a hybrid system that includes cerebrospinal ... ...

    Abstract The brain lacks a classic lymphatic drainage system. How it is cleansed of damaged proteins, cellular debris, and molecular by-products has remained a mystery for decades. Recent discoveries have identified a hybrid system that includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled perivascular spaces and classic lymph vessels in the dural covering of the brain and spinal cord that functionally cooperate to remove toxic and non-functional trash from the brain. These two components functioning together are referred to as the glymphatic system. We propose that the high levels of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland directly into the CSF play a role in flushing pathological molecules such as amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain via this network. Melatonin is a sleep-promoting agent, with waste clearance from the CNS being highest especially during slow wave sleep. Melatonin is also a potent and versatile antioxidant that prevents neural accumulation of oxidatively-damaged molecules which contribute to neurological decline. Due to its feedback actions on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, CSF melatonin rhythm functions to maintain optimal circadian rhythmicity, which is also critical for preserving neurocognitive health. Melatonin levels drop dramatically in the frail aged, potentially contributing to neurological failure and dementia. Melatonin supplementation in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) defers Aβ accumulation, enhances its clearance from the CNS, and prolongs animal survival. In AD patients, preliminary data show that melatonin use reduces neurobehavioral signs such as sundowning. Finally, melatonin controls the mitotic activity of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone, suggesting its involvement in neuronal renewal.
    Schlagwörter animals ; antioxidants ; brain ; cerebrospinal fluid ; dementia ; drainage systems ; lymph ; melatonin ; mitosis ; neurons ; peptides ; pineal body ; sleep ; spinal cord ; toxicity
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2023-04
    Umfang p. 88.
    Erscheinungsort Springer International Publishing
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Anmerkung Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-023-04736-5
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Artikel: Echinacea Purpurea

    Kolev, Emil / Mircheva, Lilyana / Edwards, Michael R / Johnston, Sebastian L / Kalinov, Krassimir / Stange, Rainer / Gancitano, Giuseppe / Berghe, Wim Vanden / Kreft, Samo

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2022  Band 13, Seite(n) 856410

    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is effective in preventing severe Covid-19, but efficacy in reducing viral load and transmission wanes over time. In addition, the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants increases the threat of uncontrolled dissemination and ... ...

    Abstract SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is effective in preventing severe Covid-19, but efficacy in reducing viral load and transmission wanes over time. In addition, the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants increases the threat of uncontrolled dissemination and additional antiviral therapies are urgently needed for effective containment. In previous
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-04-26
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2022.856410
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel: Echinacea Reduces Antibiotics by Preventing Respiratory Infections: A Meta-Analysis (ERA-PRIMA).

    Gancitano, Giuseppe / Mucci, Nicola / Stange, Rainer / Ogal, Mercedes / Vimalanathan, Selvarani / Sreya, Mahfuza / Booker, Anthony / Hadj-Cherif, Bushra / Albrich, Werner C / Woelkart-Ardjomand, Karin / Kreft, Samo / Vanden Berghe, Wim / Hoexter, Godehard / Schapowal, Andreas / Johnston, Sebastian L

    Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Band 13, Heft 4

    Abstract: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions, primarily due to the risk for secondary bacterial infections. In this study, we examined ... ...

    Abstract Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions, primarily due to the risk for secondary bacterial infections. In this study, we examined whether
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-16
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2681345-2
    ISSN 2079-6382
    ISSN 2079-6382
    DOI 10.3390/antibiotics13040364
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Echinacea purpurea for the Long-term Prevention of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized, Open, Controlled, Exploratory Clinical Study

    Kolev, Emil / Mircheva, Lilyana / Edwards, Michael / Johnston, Sebastian L / Kalinov, Krassimir / Stange, Rainer / Gancitano, Giuseppe / Vanden Berghe, Wim / Kreft, Samo

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Introduction: SARS CoV2 vaccination is effective in preventing severe COVID 19, but efficacy in reducing viral load and transmission wanes over time. In addition, the emergence of novel SARS CoV2 variants increases the threat of uncontrolled ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: SARS CoV2 vaccination is effective in preventing severe COVID 19, but efficacy in reducing viral load and transmission wanes over time. In addition, the emergence of novel SARS CoV2 variants increases the threat of uncontrolled dissemination and additional antiviral therapies are urgently needed for effective containment. In previous in vitro studies Echinacea purpurea demonstrated strong antiviral activity against enveloped viruses, including SARS CoV2. In this study, we examined the potential of Echinacea purpurea in preventing and treating respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and in particular, SARS CoV2 infections. Methods: 120 healthy volunteers (m,f, 18 to 75 years) were randomly assigned to Echinacea prevention or control group without any intervention. After a run-in week, participants went through 3 prevention cycles of 2, 2 and 1 months with daily 2400mg Echinacea purpurea extract (Echinaforce, EF). The prevention cycles were interrupted by breaks of 1 week. Acute respiratory symptoms were treated with 4000 mg EF for up to 10 days, and their severity assessed via a diary. Naso/oropharyngeal swabs and venous blood samples were routinely collected every month and during acute illnesses for detection and identification of respiratory viruses, including SARS CoV2 via RT qPCR and serology. Results: Summarized over all phases of prevention, 21 and 29 samples tested positive for any virus in the EF and control group, of which 5 and 14 samples tested SARS-CoV-2 positive (RR=0.37, Chi square test, p=0.03). Overall, 10 and 14 symptomatic episodes occurred, of which 5 and 8 were COVID 19 (RR=0.70, Chi-square test, p>0.05). EF treatment when applied during acute episodes significantly reduced the overall virus load by at least 2.12 log10 or approx. 99% (t test, p<0.05), the time to virus clearance by 8.0 days for all viruses (Wilcoxon test, p=0.02) and by 4.8 days for SARS CoV2 (p>0.05) in comparison to control. Finally, EF treatment significantly reduced fever days (1 day vs 11 days, Chi square test, p=0.003) but not the overall symptom severity. There were fewer COVID-19 related hospitalizations in the EF treatment group (N=0 vs N=2). Discussion/Conclusion: EF exhibited antiviral effects and reduced the risk of viral RTIs, including SARS CoV2. By substantially reducing virus loads in infected subjects, EF offers a supportive addition to existing mandated treatments like vaccinations. Future confirmatory studies are warranted. Keywords: Echinacea purpurea, ethanolic extract, COVID 19, SARS CoV2, antiviral, prevention, randomized clinical trial Clinical Trials registration Nr: NCT05002179
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-12-14
    Verlag Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.12.10.21267582
    Datenquelle COVID19

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