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Article ; Online: Astragaloside IV ameliorates podocyte apoptosis via inhibiting the PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling axis.

Yu, Xiaoxia / Dong, He / Gao, Bihu

2023 Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 776–777

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Podocytes ; Cells, Cultured ; Saponins/pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Activating Transcription Factor 4
Chemical Substances	astragaloside A (3A592W8XKE) ; Saponins ; ATF4 protein, human ; Activating Transcription Factor 4 (145891-90-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1068461-x
ISSN	0219-3108 ; 1015-9584
ISSN (online)	0219-3108
ISSN	1015-9584
DOI	10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.10.031
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Article ; Online: Improvement of diabetes-induced spinal cord axon injury with taurine via nerve growth factor-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway.

Wang, Yachen / Gao, Bihu / Chen, Xiaochi / Shi, Xiaoxia / Li, Shuangyue / Zhang, Qing / Zhang, Cong / Piao, Fengyuan

Amino acids

2024 Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 32

Abstract: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common neurological complication caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Axonal degeneration is generally accepted to be the major pathological change in peripheral DN. Taurine has been evidenced to be neuroprotective in various ... ...

Abstract	Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common neurological complication caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Axonal degeneration is generally accepted to be the major pathological change in peripheral DN. Taurine has been evidenced to be neuroprotective in various aspects, but its effect on spinal cord axon injury (SCAI) in DN remains barely reported. This study showed that taurine significantly ameliorated axonal damage of spinal cord (SC), based on morphological and functional analyses, in a rat model of DN induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Taurine was also found to induce neurite outgrowth in cultured cerebral cortex neurons with high glucose exposure. Moreover, taurine up-regulated the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurite outgrowth relative protein GAP-43 in rat DN model and cultured cortical neurons/VSC4.1 cells. Besides, taurine increased the activating phosphorylation signals of TrkA, Akt, and mTOR. Mechanistically, the neuroprotection by taurine was related to the NGF-pAKT-mTOR axis, because either NGF-neutralizing antibody or Akt or mTOR inhibitors was found to attenuate its beneficial effects. Together, our results demonstrated that taurine promotes spinal cord axon repair in a model of SCAI in STZ-induced diabetic rats, mechanistically associating with the NGF-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Rats ; Axons/metabolism ; Axons/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factor/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Taurine/pharmacology ; Taurine/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	mTOR protein, rat (EC 2.7.1.1) ; Nerve Growth Factor (9061-61-4) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Taurine (1EQV5MLY3D) ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Ngf protein, rat
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1121341-3
ISSN	1438-2199 ; 0939-4451
ISSN (online)	1438-2199
ISSN	0939-4451
DOI	10.1007/s00726-024-03392-8
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Zs.A 3490: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Urinary proteomics investigations into contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Zhu, Hong / Chu, Wenwen / Han, Shuai / Gao, Bihu / Wang, Xin

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) e0258736

Abstract: Some patients have a decline in renal function after contrast medium injection, and this phenomenon is called contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI); a small number of people even suffer severe renal failure. To date, the mechanism of CI-AKI ... ...

Abstract	Some patients have a decline in renal function after contrast medium injection, and this phenomenon is called contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI); a small number of people even suffer severe renal failure. To date, the mechanism of CI-AKI remains unclear. We aimed to identify novel potential biomarkers in the urine of patients with CI-AKI through LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis. We enrolled patients who underwent coronary angiography (contrast agent: iohexol). The CI-AKI group included 4 cases, and the non-CI-AKI group included 20 cases. We mixed the 4 CI-AKI samples and 20 non-CI-AKI samples. Then, a 0.6 ml urine sample was used for proteome analysis with LC-MS/MS approach. Metascape, ExPASy, and the Human Protein Atlas were utilized for bioinformatics analysis. We obtained 724 and 830 urine proteins from the CI-AKI and non-CI-AKI groups, respectively. The distribution of the pI values and molecular weights (MWs) of postoperative urine proteins showed no significant difference between the CI-AKI group and the non-CI-AKI group. A total of 99differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected, among which 18 proteins were detected only in tubule cells, and 19 proteins were detected in both tubule cells and glomeruli. With GO analysis, the GEPs were mainly associated with immune response and inflammation. Although biomarkers cannot be asserted from this single pilot study, our results may help advance the understanding of the mechanisms of CI-AKI and identify potential novel biomarkers for further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced ; Acute Kidney Injury/metabolism ; Acute Kidney Injury/urine ; Aged ; Biomarkers/urine ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Contrast Media/adverse effects ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Proteomics/methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Distribution
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Contrast Media
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0258736
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Article ; Online: Identification of 8 Feature Genes Related to Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression Based on Co-Expression Analysis.

Yu, Xiaoxia / Wu, Hua / Wang, Hongmei / Dong, He / Gao, Bihu

Kidney & blood pressure research

2021 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 113–124

Abstract: Background: The aim of the study was to screen biomarkers related to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression and prognosis.: Methods: 1,026 ccRCC-related genes were dug from 494 ccRCC samples in TCGA based on weighted gene co-expression ... ...

Abstract	Background: The aim of the study was to screen biomarkers related to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression and prognosis. Methods: 1,026 ccRCC-related genes were dug from 494 ccRCC samples in TCGA based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and 7 modules were identified. Afterward, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted on modules of interest. Genes in these modules were taken as the input to construct a protein-protein interaction network. Thereafter, 30 genes with the highest connectivity were taken as core genes. Univariate Cox regression, LASSO Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on core genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed on patients' clinical characteristics and risk scores. Results: Stage displayed significantly strong correlations with green module and red module (p < 0.001). Genes in modules participated in biological functions including T-cell proliferation and regulation of lymphocyte activation. GSEA showed that high- and low-risk groups exhibited significant enrichment differences in pathways related to immunity, cell migration, and invasion. Immune infiltration analysis also presented a strong correlation between the expression of these 8 genes and immune cell infiltration in ccRCC samples. It was displayed that risk score could be an independent factor to assess patients' prognosis. Conclusion: We determined biomarkers relevant to ccRCC progression, offering candidate targets for ccRCC treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1326018-2
ISSN	1423-0143 ; 1420-4096
ISSN (online)	1423-0143
ISSN	1420-4096
DOI	10.1159/000520832
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Article: Taurine Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in Spinal Cords of Diabetic Rats via Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling.

Piao, Fengyuan / Gao, Bihu / Yuan, Xiaolin / Li, Shuangyue / Zhang, Cong / Sun, Xiuyan / Zhang, Qing

Advances in experimental medicine and biology

2022 Volume 1370, Page(s) 235–242

Abstract: Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) causes oxidative stress, which is involved in the onset and development of diabetic neuropathy. Taurine, a powerful antioxidant, is an effective inhibitor of oxidative stress. The present experiment ... ...

Abstract	Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) causes oxidative stress, which is involved in the onset and development of diabetic neuropathy. Taurine, a powerful antioxidant, is an effective inhibitor of oxidative stress. The present experiment was conducted to explore the effect of taurine treatment on alterations in body weight, blood glucose, oxidative stress, and Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in the spinal cords of DM rats. The DM rat model was established by STZ injection, and taurine was administered in the drinking water. Body weight and blood glucose were recorded during the experiment. The expression of Gap-43 and MBP proteins was examined by Western blot. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were examined as indicators of oxidative stress. The expression of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 gene was examined by real-time PCR. The results showed that compared with the control group, the body weight was decreased, blood glucose was increased, and both Gap-43 and MBP expression were decreased in DM rats, which were all remarkably reversed by taurine treatment. Oxidative stress, as reflected by lower SOD activity and higher MDA concentration, was inhibited in taurine-treated DM rats. Supplemental taurine also downregulated the mRNA level of Keap1, while upregulating Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA levels. These results showed that taurine inhibits oxidative stress in the spinal cords of DM rats, an effect that might involve the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; GAP-43 Protein/metabolism ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Taurine/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; GAP-43 Protein ; KEAP1 protein, rat ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; RNA, Messenger ; Taurine (1EQV5MLY3D) ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2214-8019 ; 0065-2598
ISSN (online)	2214-8019
ISSN	0065-2598
DOI	10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_23
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Article: A strategy for the rapid discovery and validation of active diterpenoids as quality markers in different habitats of Langdu using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical analysis

Fang, Linlin / Zhang, Jianbin / Li, Fengqi / Zhang, Yingli / Zhang, Baojing / Huang, Shanshan / Deng, Sa / Zhang, Houli / Yu, Zhenlong / Gao, Bihu / Wang, Chao / Ma, Xiaochi

Journal of separation science. 2022 July, v. 45, no. 13

2022

Abstract: Langdu, known as a traditional Chinese medicine, was identified as the roots of species of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, displaying anti‐tuberculosis activity. To clarify the potent quality markers of Langdu, this ... ...

Abstract	Langdu, known as a traditional Chinese medicine, was identified as the roots of species of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, displaying anti‐tuberculosis activity. To clarify the potent quality markers of Langdu, this research first developed a fast and sensitive ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of 13 diterpenoids in Langdu. The developed method was further applied in the analyses of 12 authentic E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana samples collected in northern and southeastern China. Then, the anti‐tuberculosis evaluation of 12 batches of Langdu samples was performed in vitro. Finally, partial least squares discrimination analysis was used in the discrimination of E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana from different origins and processing methods. Jolkinolide A (1), jolkinolide E (3), yuexiandajisu D (6), and ebractenone A (11) were identified as key, potent diterpenoids for the quality control of E. ebracteolata Hayata and E. fischeriana Steud. The present study established a qualitative chemical analysis method for Langdu (E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana) and suggested the key bioactive components that will improve qualitative control methodology for this important medicine.
Keywords	Euphorbia fischeriana ; Oriental traditional medicine ; chemical analysis ; control methods ; diterpenoids ; liquid chromatography ; quality control ; separation ; tandem mass spectrometry ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 2118-2127.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2047990-6
ISSN	1615-9314 ; 1615-9306
ISSN (online)	1615-9314
ISSN	1615-9306
DOI	10.1002/jssc.202100846
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Article ; Online: NGF mediates protection of mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium against 2,5-hexanedione-induced apoptosis of VSC4.1 cells via Akt/Bad pathway.

Bai, Qiufang / Zou, Ming / Zhang, Jizhi / Tian, Ye / Wu, Fei / Gao, Bihu / Piao, Fengyuan

Molecular and cellular biochemistry

2020 Volume 469, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 53–64

Abstract: It has been shown that the conditioned medium of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-CM) can inhibit apoptosis of neural cells exposed to 2,5-hexanedione (HD), but its protective mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanism, VSC4.1 ... ...

Abstract	It has been shown that the conditioned medium of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-CM) can inhibit apoptosis of neural cells exposed to 2,5-hexanedione (HD), but its protective mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanism, VSC4.1 cells were given HD and 5, 10 and 15% BMSC-CM (v/v) in the current experiment. Our data showed that BMSC-CM concentration-dependently attenuated HD-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, BMSC-CM remarkably decreased the mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt C) release and the caspase-3 activity in HD-given VSC4.1 cells. Given a relatively high expression of NGF in BMSCs and BMSC-CM, we hypothesized that NGF might be an important mediator of the protection of BMSC-CM against apoptosis induced by HD. To verify our hypothesis, the VSC4.1 cells were administrated with NGF and anti-NGF antibody in addition to HD. As expected, NGF could perfectly mimic BMSC-CM's protective role and these beneficial effects were abolished by anti-NGF antibody intervention. To further explore its mechanism, inhibitors of TrkA and Akt were given to the VSC4.1 cells and NGF/Akt/Bad pathway turned out to be involved in anti-apoptotic role of BMSC-CM. Based on these findings, it was revealed that BMSC-CM beneficial role was mediated by NGF and relied on the Akt/Bad pathway.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; Hexanones/toxicity ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria/drug effects ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/ultrastructure ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, trkA/antagonists & inhibitors ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bad protein, rat ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Hexanones ; bcl-Associated Death Protein ; Cytochromes c (9007-43-6) ; Nerve Growth Factor (9061-61-4) ; 2,5-hexanedione (C0Z8884J3P) ; Receptor, trkA (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184833-1
ISSN	1573-4919 ; 0300-8177
ISSN (online)	1573-4919
ISSN	0300-8177
DOI	10.1007/s11010-020-03727-5
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Zs.A 892: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Overexpression of miR‑30c‑5p reduces cellular cytotoxicity and inhibits the formation of kidney stones through ATG5.

Wang, Xin / Zhang, Yanan / Han, Shuai / Chen, Hongshen / Chen, Chen / Ji, Lingling / Gao, Bihu

International journal of molecular medicine

2019 Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) 375–384

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are critical regulators in various diseases. In the current study, the role of miR‑30c‑5p in the formation of sodium oxalate‑induced kidney stones was investigated. For this purpose, human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK‑2 ... ...

Abstract	MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are critical regulators in various diseases. In the current study, the role of miR‑30c‑5p in the formation of sodium oxalate‑induced kidney stones was investigated. For this purpose, human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK‑2 cells) were incubated with sodium oxalate at the concentrations of 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 µM. Cell viability and the miR‑30c‑5p expression level were respectively measured by CCK‑8 assay and RT‑qPCR. After separately transfecting miR‑30c‑5p mimic and inhibitor into the HK‑2 cells, the cell apoptotic rate, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ROS were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of oxidative stress indicators [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] were determined using commercial kits. Crystal‑cell adhesion assay was performed to evaluate the crystal adhesion capacity in vitro. miR‑30c‑5p binding at autophagy related 5 (ATG5) was predicted by TargetScan7.2 and further verified by dual‑luciferase reporter assay. Rescue experiments were performed to confirm the molecular mechanisms underlying sodium oxalate‑induced kidney formation in HK‑2 cells. The results revealed that sodium oxalate decreased the viability of HK‑2 cells in a concentration‑dependent manner, and that miR‑30c‑5p expression was significantly downregulated by exposure to 750 µM sodium oxalate. In addition, the increase in cell apoptosis and crystal number, and the upregulated levels of LDH, MDA and ROS were reversed by the overexpression of miR‑30c‑5p. Moreover, the overexpression of miR‑30c‑5p upregulated the levels of SOD, CAT and MMP induced by sodium oxalate. ATG5 was directly regulated by miR‑30c‑5p, and the inhibition of cell cytotoxicity and crystal‑cell adhesion induced by miR‑30c‑5p mimic was blocked by ATG5. These data indicated that the overexpression of miR‑30c‑5p alleviated cell cytotoxicity and crystal‑cell adhesion induced by sodium oxalate through ATG5. Thus, the current study provides a better understanding of the role of miR‑30c‑5p in sodium oxalate‑induced kidney stones.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis ; Autophagy-Related Protein 5/genetics ; Autophagy-Related Protein 5/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/genetics ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/pathology ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Oxalic Acid/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	ATG5 protein, human ; Autophagy-Related Protein 5 ; MIRN30b microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs ; Oxalic Acid (9E7R5L6H31)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-23
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1444428-8
ISSN	1791-244X ; 1107-3756
ISSN (online)	1791-244X
ISSN	1107-3756
DOI	10.3892/ijmm.2019.4440
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Article ; Online: LncRNA H19 inhibits kidney injury in sepsis rats through MAPK pathway.

Wang, Xin / Zhang, Yanan / Han, Shuai / Yin, Yutong / Chen, Chen / Chen, Hongshen / Gao, Bihu

Minerva medica

2019 Volume 112, Issue 3, Page(s) 412–413

MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control ; Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Activation ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding/agonists ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism ; Rats ; Sepsis/complications ; Sepsis/metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
Chemical Substances	H19 long non-coding RNA ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hspb1 protein, rat ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-17
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	123586-2
ISSN	1827-1669 ; 0026-4806
ISSN (online)	1827-1669
ISSN	0026-4806
DOI	10.23736/S0026-4806.19.06208-6
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Article ; Online: A strategy for the rapid discovery and validation of active diterpenoids as quality markers in different habitats of Langdu using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical analysis.

Fang, Linlin / Zhang, Jianbin / Li, Fengqi / Zhang, Yingli / Zhang, Baojing / Huang, Shanshan / Deng, Sa / Zhang, Houli / Yu, Zhenlong / Gao, Bihu / Wang, Chao / Ma, Xiaochi

Journal of separation science

2022 Volume 45, Issue 13, Page(s) 2118–2127

Abstract: Langdu, known as a traditional Chinese medicine, was identified as the roots of species of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, displaying anti-tuberculosis activity. To clarify the potent quality markers of Langdu, this ... ...

Abstract	Langdu, known as a traditional Chinese medicine, was identified as the roots of species of Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, displaying anti-tuberculosis activity. To clarify the potent quality markers of Langdu, this research first developed a fast and sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of 13 diterpenoids in Langdu. The developed method was further applied in the analyses of 12 authentic E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana samples collected in northern and southeastern China. Then, the anti-tuberculosis evaluation of 12 batches of Langdu samples was performed in vitro. Finally, partial least squares discrimination analysis was used in the discrimination of E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana from different origins and processing methods. Jolkinolide A (1), jolkinolide E (3), yuexiandajisu D (6), and ebractenone A (11) were identified as key, potent diterpenoids for the quality control of E. ebracteolata Hayata and E. fischeriana Steud. The present study established a qualitative chemical analysis method for Langdu (E. ebracteolata and E. fischeriana) and suggested the key bioactive components that will improve qualitative control methodology for this important medicine.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Diterpenes/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Euphorbia/chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Roots/chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Diterpenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2047990-6
ISSN	1615-9314 ; 1615-9306
ISSN (online)	1615-9314
ISSN	1615-9306
DOI	10.1002/jssc.202100846
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