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Article: The Impact of Harvesting Mechanization on Oolong Tea Quality.

Zhou, Junling / Gao, Shuilian / Du, Zhenghua / Xu, Tongda / Zheng, Chao / Liu, Ying

2024 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: Mechanization is the inevitable future of tea harvesting, but its impact on tea chemistry and quality remains uncertain. Our study examines untargeted metabolomic data from 185 oolong tea products (Tieguanyin) made from leaves harvested by hand or ... ...

Abstract	Mechanization is the inevitable future of tea harvesting, but its impact on tea chemistry and quality remains uncertain. Our study examines untargeted metabolomic data from 185 oolong tea products (Tieguanyin) made from leaves harvested by hand or machine based on UPLC-QToF-MS analysis. The data revealed a minimum 50% loss for over half of the chemicals in the machine-harvested group, including catechins, theaflavin, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and kaempferol-3-gluocside. Integrating sensory evaluation, OPLS-DA identified the six most important metabolites as significant contributors to sensory decline caused by harvesting mechanization. Furthermore, our research validates the possibility of using DD-SIMCA modelling with untargeted metabolomic data for distinguishing handpicked from machine-harvested tea products. The model was able to achieve 93% accuracy. This study provides crucial insights into the chemical and sensory shifts during mechanization, along with tools to manage and monitor these changes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants13040552
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Article ; Online: Rapid varietal authentication of oolong tea products by microfluidic-based SNP genotyping

Lin, Yi / Yu, Wentao / Cai, Chunping / Wang, Pengjie / Gao, Shuilian / Zhang, Jianming / Fan, Xiaojing / Fang, Wanping / Ye, Naixing

Food Research International. 2022 Dec., v. 162 p.111970-

2022

Abstract: Oolong tea is one of the most popular Chinese teas, and its quality is significantly affected by the variety of tea plant. The growing demands lead to the adulteration of premium oolong tea products, e.g., Tieguanyin oolong tea. In this study, ... ...

Abstract	Oolong tea is one of the most popular Chinese teas, and its quality is significantly affected by the variety of tea plant. The growing demands lead to the adulteration of premium oolong tea products, e.g., Tieguanyin oolong tea. In this study, microfluidic technology and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) biomarkers were used to authenticate the varieties of oolong tea products. Forty-eight pairs of primers were screened, and they can be used to authenticate Tieguanyin oolong tea via high-throughput microfluidic SNP chips. Through the combination of the NJ tree and PCoA plot methods, the study found that the most frequent adulterant of Tieguanyin oolong tea on the market is Benshan. For the first time, the commercial behavior of using Fuyun6 and Jinguanyin as adulterants or contamination in the production of Tieguanyin oolong tea was reported. This research has proposed rapid authentication technology for oolong tea to provide food quality supervision and promote consumer trust.
Keywords	adulterants ; adulterated products ; biomarkers ; food quality ; food research ; genotyping ; markets ; microfluidic technology ; oolong tea ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; Camellia sinensis ; DNA fingerprints ; Tieguanyin ; Microfluidics ; SNP ; Adulteration
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111970
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Rhizosphere Microbial Community Shows a Greater Response Than Soil Properties to Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Cultivars

Wei, Sirou / Liu, Boheng / Ni, Kang / Ma, Lifeng / Shi, Yuanzhi / Leng, Y. / Zheng, Shenghong / Gao, Shuilian / Yang, Xiangde / Ruan, Jianyun

Agronomy. 2023 Jan. 11, v. 13, no. 1

2023

Abstract: Rhizosphere microbes play pivotal roles in regulating the soil ecosystem by influencing and directly participating in the nutrient cycle. Evidence shows that the rhizosphere microbes are highly dependent on plant genotype and cultivars; however, their ... ...

Abstract	Rhizosphere microbes play pivotal roles in regulating the soil ecosystem by influencing and directly participating in the nutrient cycle. Evidence shows that the rhizosphere microbes are highly dependent on plant genotype and cultivars; however, their characteristics in soils with different tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivars are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the rhizosphere soil properties, microbial community composition, and their potential functions under four tea cultivars Huangjinya (HJY), Tieguanyin (TGY), Zhongcha No.108 (ZC108), and Zijuan (ZJ). The study found a minor impact of cultivars on rhizosphere soil properties but a significant influence on microbial community structure. Except for available potassium (AK) (HJY > TGY > ZC108 > ZJ), tea cultivars had no significant impact on other soil properties. The tea cultivars resulted in substantial differences only in the diversity of soil bacteria of lower taxonomic levels (family to species), as well as significantly changed communities’ structure of bacteria and fungi (R² = 0.184, p = 0.013 and R² = 0.226, p = 0.001). Specifically, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes accounted for approximately 96% of the bacterial phyla in the tea soils, while Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Monoblepharomycota (90% of the total) predominated the soil fungal community. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified soil pH (14.53%) and ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N; 16.74%) as the key factors for the changes in bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Finally, FAPROTAX analysis predicted significant differences in the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (C-N-S)-cycling among the soils with different tea cultivars, specifically, ZJ cultivar showed the highest C-cycling but the lowest N- and S-cycling, while FUNGuild analysis revealed that the pathotroph group was significantly lower in ZC108 than the other cultivars. These findings improve our understanding of the differences in microbial community characteristics among tea cultivars and provide a basis for precisely selecting and introducing excellent tea varieties in the agriculture practices.
Keywords	Actinobacteria ; Ascomycota ; Basidiomycota ; Camellia sinensis ; Chloroflexi ; Firmicutes ; Proteobacteria ; agronomy ; ammonium nitrogen ; carbon ; community structure ; cultivars ; genotype ; microbial communities ; nitrogen ; potassium ; rhizosphere ; soil ecosystems ; soil fungi ; soil pH ; sulfur ; tea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0111
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2607043-1
ISSN	2073-4395
ISSN	2073-4395
DOI	10.3390/agronomy13010221
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Article ; Online: Rapid varietal authentication of oolong tea products by microfluidic-based SNP genotyping.

Lin, Yi / Yu, Wentao / Cai, Chunping / Wang, Pengjie / Gao, Shuilian / Zhang, Jianming / Fan, Xiaojing / Fang, Wanping / Ye, Naixing

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

2022 Volume 162, Issue Pt A, Page(s) 111970

Abstract	Oolong tea is one of the most popular Chinese teas, and its quality is significantly affected by the variety of tea plant. The growing demands lead to the adulteration of premium oolong tea products, e.g., Tieguanyin oolong tea. In this study, microfluidic technology and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) biomarkers were used to authenticate the varieties of oolong tea products. Forty-eight pairs of primers were screened, and they can be used to authenticate Tieguanyin oolong tea via high-throughput microfluidic SNP chips. Through the combination of the NJ tree and PCoA plot methods, the study found that the most frequent adulterant of Tieguanyin oolong tea on the market is Benshan. For the first time, the commercial behavior of using Fuyun6 and Jinguanyin as adulterants or contamination in the production of Tieguanyin oolong tea was reported. This research has proposed rapid authentication technology for oolong tea to provide food quality supervision and promote consumer trust.
MeSH term(s)	Microfluidics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genotype ; DNA Primers ; Camellia sinensis/genetics ; Tea/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA Primers ; Tea
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111970
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Widely targeted metabolomics analysis reveals the formation of nonvolatile flavor qualities during oolong tea manufacturing: a case study of Jinguanyin.

Hu, Qingcai / Zheng, Yucheng / Yang, Yun / Ni, Zi-Xin / Chen, Bin / Wu, Zongjie / Huang, Huiqing / Wu, Qingyang / Zhou, Zi-Wei / Gao, Shuilian / Lai, Zhongxiong / Lin, Hongzheng / Sun, Yun

Frontiers in nutrition

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1283960

Abstract: Background: The manufacturing processes of oolong tea significantly impact its nonvolatile components, leading to the emergence of distinct flavor attributes. Understanding the dynamic changes in nonvolatile components during the manufacturing stages of ...

Abstract	Background: The manufacturing processes of oolong tea significantly impact its nonvolatile components, leading to the emergence of distinct flavor attributes. Understanding the dynamic changes in nonvolatile components during the manufacturing stages of the Jinguanyin (JGY) cultivar is crucial for unraveling the potential mechanism behind flavor formation. Methods: Comprehensive metabolomics and sensomics analyses were conducted to investigate the dynamic changes in nonvolatile components throughout various phases of oolong tea processing, focusing on the JGY cultivar. Results: A total of 1,005 nonvolatile metabolites were detected, with 562 recognized as significant differential metabolites during various phases of oolong tea processing. Notably, the third turning-over, third setting, and high-temperature treatments exhibited the most significant effects on the nonvolatile metabolites of oolong tea. JGY finished tea demonstrated a characteristic flavor profile, marked by mellowness, sweetness in aftertaste, and a significant Yin rhyme. This flavor profile was collectively promoted by the accumulation of amino acids and organic acids, the decrease in flavonols (3-O-glycosides) and sugar substances, the alteration of phenolic acids, and the stabilization of caffeine. Conclusion: This study contribute to the understanding of the formation of oolong tea flavor qualities. The dynamic changes observed in various types of nonvolatile compounds during oolong tea processing shed light on the intricate interplay of metabolites and their influence on the final flavor characteristics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2023.1283960
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Article ; Online: Light control of catechin accumulation is mediated by photosynthetic capacity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Xiang, Ping / Zhu, Qiufang / Tukhvatshin, Marat / Cheng, Bosi / Tan, Meng / Liu, Jianghong / Wang, Xingjian / Huang, Jiaxin / Gao, Shuilian / Lin, Dongyi / Zhang, Yue / Wu, Liangyu / Lin, Jinke

BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Dec., v. 21, no. 1 p.478-478

2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Catechins are crucial in determining the flavour and health benefits of tea, but it remains unclear that how the light intensity regulates catechins biosynthesis. Therefore, we cultivated tea plants in a phytotron to elucidate the response ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Catechins are crucial in determining the flavour and health benefits of tea, but it remains unclear that how the light intensity regulates catechins biosynthesis. Therefore, we cultivated tea plants in a phytotron to elucidate the response mechanism of catechins biosynthesis to light intensity changes. RESULTS: In the 250 μmol·m⁻ ²·s⁻ ¹ treatment, the contents of epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and total catechins were increased by 98.94, 14.5 and 13.0% respectively, compared with those in the 550 μmol·m⁻ ²·s⁻ ¹ treatment. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic capacity was enhanced in the 250 μmol·m⁻ ²·s⁻ ¹ treatment, including the electron transport rate, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and expression of related genes (such as CspsbA, CspsbB, CspsbC, CspsbD, CsPsbR and CsGLK1). In contrast, the extremely low or high light intensity decreased the catechins accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of the tea plants. The comprehensive analysis revealed that the response of catechins biosynthesis to the light intensity was mediated by the photosynthetic capacity of the tea plants. Appropriately high light upregulated the expression of genes related to photosynthetic capacity to improve the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and electron transfer rate (ETR), which enhanced the contents of substrates for non-esterified catechins biosynthesis (such as EGC). Meanwhile, these photosynthetic capacity-related genes and gallic acid (GA) biosynthesis-related genes (CsaroB, CsaroDE1, CsaroDE2 and CsaroDE3) co-regulated the response of GA accumulation to light intensity. Eventually, the epigallocatechin gallate content was enhanced by the increased contents of its precursors (EGC and GA) and the upregulation of the CsSCPL gene. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the catechin content and photosynthetic capacity of tea plants increased under appropriately high light intensities (250 μmol·m⁻ ²·s⁻ ¹ and 350 μmol·m⁻ ²·s⁻ ¹) but decreased under extremely low or high light intensities (150 μmol·m⁻ ²·s⁻ ¹ or 550 μmol·m⁻ ²·s⁻ ¹). We found that the control of catechin accumulation by light intensity in tea plants is mediated by the plant photosynthetic capacity. The research provided useful information for improving catechins content and its light-intensity regulation mechanism in tea plant.
Keywords	Camellia sinensis ; biosynthesis ; catechin ; electron transfer ; epigallocatechin gallate ; flavor ; gallic acid ; genes ; light intensity ; photosynthesis ; tea ; transpiration
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 478.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-021-03260-7
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Article ; Online: Consecutive soybean (Glycine max) planting and covering improve acidified tea garden soil.

Gao, Shuilian / He, Peng / Lin, Tianxiu / Liu, Haijuan / Guo, Bin / Lin, Huiling / Hu, Yunfei / Chen, Qianjie / Xiang, Ping / Zou, Lifeng / Li, Xinghui / Xiong, Zhongguo / Lin, Jinke

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) e0254502

Abstract: Planting soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in tea gardens decreased soil pH in theory but increased it in practice. This controversy was addressed in this study by treating the tea garden soil consecutively with different parts of a soybean cover crop: ... ...

Abstract	Planting soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in tea gardens decreased soil pH in theory but increased it in practice. This controversy was addressed in this study by treating the tea garden soil consecutively with different parts of a soybean cover crop: aboveground soybean (ASB) parts, underground soybean (USB) root residues, and the whole soybean (WSB) plants. In comparison with the control, the soil pH increased significantly after the third ASB and WSB treatments, but there was no significant change in the soil pH in the USB treatment. Concordantly, the soil exchangeable acidity decreased significantly and the soil exchangeable bases increased significantly in the ASB and WSB treatments. The exchangeable acidity increased in the USB treatment, but the amount of the increased acidity was less than that of the increased bases in the ASB treatment, resulting in a net increase in the exchangeable bases in the WSB treatment. Soybean planting and covering also increased the microbial richness and abundance significantly, which led to significantly more soil organic matters. Exchangeable K+ and Mg2+, and soil organic matters played significantly positive roles and exchangeable Al3+ played negative roles in improving soil pH. Our data suggest that consecutive plantings of soybean cover crop increase the pH of the acidified tea garden soil.
MeSH term(s)	Fabaceae/metabolism ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants/metabolism ; Glycine max/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Soil Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0254502
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Genetic basis of high aroma and stress tolerance in the oolong tea cultivar genome.

Wang, Pengjie / Yu, Jiaxin / Jin, Shan / Chen, Shuai / Yue, Chuan / Wang, Wenling / Gao, Shuilian / Cao, Hongli / Zheng, Yucheng / Gu, Mengya / Chen, Xuejin / Sun, Yun / Guo, Yuqiong / Yang, Jiangfan / Zhang, Xingtan / Ye, Naixing

Horticulture research

2021 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 107

Abstract: Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are commercially cultivated in >60 countries, and their fresh leaves are processed into tea, which is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Although several chromosome-level tea plant genomes have been published, ... ...

Abstract	Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) are commercially cultivated in >60 countries, and their fresh leaves are processed into tea, which is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Although several chromosome-level tea plant genomes have been published, they collapsed the two haplotypes and ignored a large number of allelic variations that may underlie important biological functions in this species. Here, we present a phased chromosome-scale assembly for an elite oolong tea cultivar, "Huangdan", that is well known for its high levels of aroma. Based on the two sets of haplotype genome data, we identified numerous genetic variations and a substantial proportion of allelic imbalance related to important traits, including aroma- and stress-related alleles. Comparative genomics revealed extensive structural variations as well as expansion of some gene families, such as terpene synthases (TPSs), that likely contribute to the high-aroma characteristics of the backbone parent, underlying the molecular basis for the biosynthesis of aroma-related chemicals in oolong tea. Our results uncovered the genetic basis of special features of this oolong tea cultivar, providing fundamental genomic resources to study evolution and domestication for the economically important tea crop.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-6810
ISSN	2662-6810
DOI	10.1038/s41438-021-00542-x
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Article ; Online: Light control of catechin accumulation is mediated by photosynthetic capacity in tea plant (Camellia sinensis).

Xiang, Ping / Zhu, Qiufang / Tukhvatshin, Marat / Cheng, Bosi / Tan, Meng / Liu, Jianghong / Wang, Xingjian / Huang, Jiaxin / Gao, Shuilian / Lin, Dongyi / Zhang, Yue / Wu, Liangyu / Lin, Jinke

BMC plant biology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 478

Abstract: Background: Catechins are crucial in determining the flavour and health benefits of tea, but it remains unclear that how the light intensity regulates catechins biosynthesis. Therefore, we cultivated tea plants in a phytotron to elucidate the response ... ...

Abstract	Background: Catechins are crucial in determining the flavour and health benefits of tea, but it remains unclear that how the light intensity regulates catechins biosynthesis. Therefore, we cultivated tea plants in a phytotron to elucidate the response mechanism of catechins biosynthesis to light intensity changes. Results: In the 250 μmol·m Conclusions: In this study, the catechin content and photosynthetic capacity of tea plants increased under appropriately high light intensities (250 μmol·m
MeSH term(s)	Camellia sinensis/genetics ; Camellia sinensis/physiology ; Camellia sinensis/radiation effects ; Catechin/analogs & derivatives ; Catechin/metabolism ; Catechin/radiation effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects ; Light ; Photosynthesis/radiation effects ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Seedlings/genetics ; Seedlings/physiology ; Seedlings/radiation effects ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	Plant Proteins ; Catechin (8R1V1STN48) ; epigallocatechin gallate (BQM438CTEL) ; gallocatechol (HEJ6575V1X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-021-03260-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Co-regulation of catechins biosynthesis responses to temperature changes by shoot growth and catechin relatedgene expressionin tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

Xiang, Ping / Wilson, Iain W. / Huang, Jiaxin / Zhu, Qiufang / Tan, Meng / Lu, Jing / Liu, Jianghong / Gao, Shuilian / Zheng, Shizhong / Lin, Dongyi / Zhang, Yue / Lin, Jinke

The journal of horticultural science & biotechnology

2021 Volume 96, Issue 2, Page(s) 228

Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1416403-6
ISSN	1462-0316
Database	Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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