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  1. Article ; Online: Ionotropic and metabotropic kainate receptor signalling regulates Cl

    Garand, Danielle / Mahadevan, Vivek / Woodin, Melanie A

    The Journal of physiology

    2019  Volume 597, Issue 6, Page(s) 1677–1690

    Abstract: Key points: Potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) plays a critical role in regulating chloride homeostasis, which is essential for hyperpolarizing inhibition in the mature nervous system. KCC2 interacts with many proteins involved in excitatory ... ...

    Abstract Key points: Potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) plays a critical role in regulating chloride homeostasis, which is essential for hyperpolarizing inhibition in the mature nervous system. KCC2 interacts with many proteins involved in excitatory neurotransmission, including the GluK2 subunit of the kainate receptor (KAR). We show that activation of KARs hyperpolarizes the reversal potential for GABA (E
    Abstract: Potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) plays a critical role in the regulation of chloride (Cl
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/physiology ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism ; CA3 Region, Hippocampal/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal/metabolism ; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Receptors, GABA/metabolism ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Symporters/metabolism ; K Cl- Cotransporters ; GluK2 Kainate Receptor
    Chemical Substances Chlorides ; Gluk1 kainate receptor ; Receptors, GABA ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Symporters
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3115-x
    ISSN 1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
    ISSN (online) 1469-7793
    ISSN 0022-3751
    DOI 10.1113/JP276901
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Hippocampal-hypothalamic circuit controls context-dependent innate defensive responses.

    Bang, Jee Yoon / Sunstrum, Julia Kathryn / Garand, Danielle / Parfitt, Gustavo Morrone / Woodin, Melanie / Inoue, Wataru / Kim, Junchul

    eLife

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: Preys use their memory - where they sensed a predatory threat and whether a safe shelter is nearby - to dynamically control their survival instinct to avoid harm and reach safety. However, it remains unknown which brain regions are involved, and how such ...

    Abstract Preys use their memory - where they sensed a predatory threat and whether a safe shelter is nearby - to dynamically control their survival instinct to avoid harm and reach safety. However, it remains unknown which brain regions are involved, and how such top-down control of innate behavior is implemented at the circuit level. Here, using adult male mice, we show that the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN) is best positioned to control this task as an exclusive target of the hippocampus (HPC) within the medial hypothalamic defense system. Selective optogenetic stimulation and inhibition of hippocampal inputs to the AHN revealed that the HPC→AHN pathway not only mediates the contextual memory of predator threats but also controls the goal-directed escape by transmitting information about the surrounding environment. These results reveal a new mechanism for experience-dependent, top-down control of innate defensive behaviors.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Fear/physiology ; Hippocampus ; Hypothalamus/physiology ; Instinct ; Male ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2687154-3
    ISSN 2050-084X ; 2050-084X
    ISSN (online) 2050-084X
    ISSN 2050-084X
    DOI 10.7554/eLife.74736
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Design of the high-yield time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager for OMEGA.

    Ivancic, S T / Theobald, W / Churnetski, K / Michalko, M / Willistein, D / Bittle, W A / Regan, S P / Carpenter, A / Trosseille, C / Kilkenny, J D / Raymond, A / Hares, J D / Dymoke-Bradshaw, A K L / Rochau, G / Garand, D

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2022  Volume 93, Issue 11, Page(s) 113521

    Abstract: Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging of hot spots in inertial confinement fusion experiments along several lines of sight provides critical information on the pressure and the transient morphology of the hot spot on the University of Rochester's ... ...

    Abstract Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging of hot spots in inertial confinement fusion experiments along several lines of sight provides critical information on the pressure and the transient morphology of the hot spot on the University of Rochester's OMEGA Laser System. At least three quasi-orthogonal lines of sight are required to infer the tomographic information of the hot spots of deuterium-tritium cryogenic layered implosions. OMEGA currently has two time-gated x-ray hot-spot imagers: the time-resolved Kirkpatrick-Baez x-ray microscope and the single-line-of-sight, time-resolved x-ray imager (SLOS-TRXI). The time-gated x-ray hot-spot imager (XRHSI) is being developed for use on OMEGA as the third line of sight for the high-yield operation of up to 4 × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/5.0101673
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Assessing the feasibility and appropriateness of introducing a national health insurance scheme in Malawi.

    Gheorghe, Adrian / Straehler-Pohl, Kai / Nkhoma, Dominic / Mughandira, Wathando / Garand, Denis / Malema, Deliwe / Murray-Zmijewski, Alexandra / Kardan, Andrew / Lievens, Tomas

    Global health research and policy

    2019  Volume 4, Page(s) 13

    Abstract: Background: In May 2015 the Malawian Ministry of Health (MOH) contacted the German Development Cooperation to seek technical assistance from the P4H Network for Social Health Protection for an "Assessment of the appropriateness and feasibility of ... ...

    Abstract Background: In May 2015 the Malawian Ministry of Health (MOH) contacted the German Development Cooperation to seek technical assistance from the P4H Network for Social Health Protection for an "Assessment of the appropriateness and feasibility of National Health Insurance in Malawi" against two alternative options: continuing with a tax (and donor)-funded National Health Service, and introducing a purchaser-provider split without a revenue collection function.
    Methods: A health financing benchmarking matrix was agreed with MOH, with six domains corresponding to six objectives: revenue mobilisation, technical efficiency, equity, financial risk protection, policy coordination, and health outcomes. The assessment comprised key informant interviews with Malawian stakeholders, a review of the relevant literature and datasets, rapid assessments of the Malawi Revenue Authority (MRA) and the Unified Beneficiary Registry (UBR), and projections of the National Health Insurance Scheme's (NHIS) revenue collection costs and benefits.
    Results: A key finding was that introducing NHIS in Malawi would increase revenues for health, but these would come predominantly from the formal sector and would be unlikely to cover the health sector funding gap. The performance of existing poverty identification and targeting mechanisms was not commensurate with the requirements of a NHIS. Incentives to enrol in NHI are insufficient to reach scale unless service fees be introduced, which would negatively affect equity and financial risk protection. The assessment identified the Purchaser Scenario as the most favourable reform model.
    Conclusions: As ever more countries look towards implementing National Health Insurance, the proposed assessment framework can provide an orientation for evidence-based policy making in the area of health financing.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2397-0642
    ISSN (online) 2397-0642
    DOI 10.1186/s41256-019-0103-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Effective temperature in an interacting vertex system: theory and experiment on artificial spin ice.

    Nisoli, Cristiano / Li, Jie / Ke, Xianglin / Garand, D / Schiffer, Peter / Crespi, Vincent H

    Physical review letters

    2010  Volume 105, Issue 4, Page(s) 47205

    Abstract: Frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain nanomagnets provide important model systems for statistical mechanics, as they map closely onto well-studied vertex models and are amenable to direct imaging and custom engineering. Although these systems ... ...

    Abstract Frustrated arrays of interacting single-domain nanomagnets provide important model systems for statistical mechanics, as they map closely onto well-studied vertex models and are amenable to direct imaging and custom engineering. Although these systems are manifestly athermal, we demonstrate that an effective temperature, controlled by an external magnetic drive, describes their microstates and therefore their full statistical properties.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-07-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.047205
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  6. Article: Isometric axial rotation of the trunk in the neutral posture.

    Kumar, S / Narayan, Y / Garand, D

    European journal of applied physiology

    2001  Volume 86, Issue 1, Page(s) 53–61

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure the torque, the magnitude of the electromyogram (EMG) signal and the phase relationship of 14 muscles during trunk axial rotation. Fifty normal healthy volunteers (27 males and 23 females) with no lower-back ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure the torque, the magnitude of the electromyogram (EMG) signal and the phase relationship of 14 muscles during trunk axial rotation. Fifty normal healthy volunteers (27 males and 23 females) with no lower-back injury participated in the study. The subjects were seated in an upright position in the axial rotation tester (AROT) after applying surface electrodes bilaterally to the following muscles: pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae at T10 and L3. They were stabilized from the hip down, and the shoulder harness of the AROT was applied to their shoulders. These subjects performed maximal isometric axial rotations to the left and right in a random order. The torque and 14 channels of EMG were monitored, and their magnitude, slope of the increase in magnitude, and timing of the anticipation and onset activity were determined. The results revealed that the females produced 65% of the torque of their male counterparts. The pattern and magnitude of EMG in performing these tasks were significantly different between males and females (P<0.01). Males generated the greatest activity in their ipsilateral latissimus dorsi followed by their contralateral external oblique muscles. In the females, maximal EMG activity was observed in their contralateral pectoralis muscle. Thus, under the current experimental conditions, the females employed a different muscle recruitment strategy compared to the males. Each muscle involved in axial rotation was significantly different from the other (P < 0.01). The timing pattern for these activities was inconsistent, implying that there is no fixed-order phasic recruitment of the torso muscles during maximal isometric axial rotation.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Back/physiology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Low Back Pain/physiopathology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Posture/physiology ; Rotation ; Torque
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124793-1
    ISSN 1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 1439-6319 ; 0301-5548
    ISSN (online) 1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
    ISSN 1439-6319 ; 0301-5548
    DOI 10.1007/s004210100510
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Cortical interneuron-mediated inhibition delays the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

    Khademullah, C Sahara / Aqrabawi, Afif J / Place, Kara M / Dargaei, Zahra / Liang, Xinyi / Pressey, Jessica C / Bedard, Simon / Yang, Jy Wei / Garand, Danielle / Keramidis, Iason / Gasecka, Alicja / Côté, Daniel / De Koninck, Yves / Keith, Julia / Zinman, Lorne / Robertson, Janice / Kim, Jun Chul / Woodin, Melanie A

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2020  Volume 143, Issue 3, Page(s) 800–810

    Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal disease resulting from motor neuron degeneration in the cortex and spinal cord. Cortical hyperexcitability is a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and is accompanied by decreased intracortical ... ...

    Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal disease resulting from motor neuron degeneration in the cortex and spinal cord. Cortical hyperexcitability is a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and is accompanied by decreased intracortical inhibition. Using electrophysiological patch-clamp recordings, we revealed parvalbumin interneurons to be hypoactive in the late pre-symptomatic SOD1*G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We discovered that using adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of chemogenetic technology targeted to increase the activity of the interneurons within layer 5 of the primary motor cortex, we were able to rescue intracortical inhibition and reduce pyramidal neuron hyperexcitability. Increasing the activity of interneurons in the layer 5 of the primary motor cortex was effective in delaying the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated motor deficits, slowing symptom progression, preserving neuronal populations, and increasing the lifespan of SOD1*G93A mice. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    MeSH term(s) Adenoviridae ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology ; Animals ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Motor Skills/physiology ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Superoxide Dismutase-1/genetics ; Transfection
    Chemical Substances Sod1 protein, mouse (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Superoxide Dismutase-1 (EC 1.15.1.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awaa034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Top-down modulation of olfactory-guided behaviours by the anterior olfactory nucleus pars medialis and ventral hippocampus.

    Aqrabawi, Afif J / Browne, Caleb J / Dargaei, Zahra / Garand, Danielle / Khademullah, C Sahara / Woodin, Melanie A / Kim, Jun Chul

    Nature communications

    2016  Volume 7, Page(s) 13721

    Abstract: Olfactory processing is thought to be actively modulated by the top-down input from cortical regions, but the behavioural function of these signals remains unclear. Here we find that cortical feedback from the anterior olfactory nucleus pars medialis ( ... ...

    Abstract Olfactory processing is thought to be actively modulated by the top-down input from cortical regions, but the behavioural function of these signals remains unclear. Here we find that cortical feedback from the anterior olfactory nucleus pars medialis (mAON) bidirectionally modulates olfactory sensitivity and olfaction-dependent behaviours. To identify a limbic input that tunes this mAON switch, we further demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of ventral hippocampal inputs to the mAON is sufficient to alter olfaction-dependent behaviours.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cyanates/pharmacology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Olfactory Cortex/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/drug effects ; Olfactory Pathways/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Smell/physiology ; Red Fluorescent Protein
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Cyanates ; Luminescent Proteins ; yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/ncomms13721
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  9. Article: Static and dynamic lifting strength at different reach distances in symmetrical and asymmetrical planes.

    Kumar, S / Garand, D

    Ergonomics

    1992  Volume 35, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 861–880

    Abstract: Postural and therefore biomechanical standardization in strength testing has not been rigorously and consistently applied. To develop a quantitative relationship between strength and posture (body position, symmetry, and reach) 30 normal subjects (18 ... ...

    Abstract Postural and therefore biomechanical standardization in strength testing has not been rigorously and consistently applied. To develop a quantitative relationship between strength and posture (body position, symmetry, and reach) 30 normal subjects (18 male and 12 females) were required to stoop and squat lift or exert in the relevant posture against a standardized instrumented handle. The isometric lifting efforts and isokinetic lifts were studied. The isokinetic lifts were done at a linear velocity of 50cm/s of the hand displacement from the floor to the knuckle heights of the respective subjects in stoop and squat postures. The isometric stoop lifting efforts were exerted in two standardized postures: (a) with 60 degrees hip flexion; and (b) with 90 degrees hip flexion. The isometric squat lifting efforts were also exerted in two standardized postures: (a) with 90 degrees knee flexion; and (b) with 135 degrees knee flexion. All isometric lifting efforts and isokinetic lifts were performed at half, three-quarters, and full horizontal reach in sagitally symmetrical, 30 degrees left lateral, and 60 degrees left lateral planes. Isometric stoop and squat lifting efforts were also measured in self-selected optimal postures. These 56 conditions were tested in random order. The analysis of variance revealed that the gender, the mode of lifting, the postural asymmetry and reach of lifting affected the strength significantly (p less than 0.0001). Most two-way and three-way interactions were significant (p less than 0.01). Of 108 prediction regression equations, 103 were significant with up to 90% of the variation explained by anthropometric variables and sagittal plane strength. The reach affected the strength most profoundly followed by postural asymmetry and the mode of lifting.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Functional Laterality/physiology ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Lumbar Vertebrae/physiology ; Male ; Posture/physiology ; Reference Values ; Weight-Bearing/physiology ; Work Capacity Evaluation
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1920-3
    ISSN 1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
    ISSN (online) 1366-5847
    ISSN 0014-0139
    DOI 10.1080/00140139208967367
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  10. Article ; Online: Charge Radii of Neutron Deficient ^{52,53}Fe Produced by Projectile Fragmentation.

    Minamisono, K / Rossi, D M / Beerwerth, R / Fritzsche, S / Garand, D / Klose, A / Liu, Y / Maaß, B / Mantica, P F / Miller, A J / Müller, P / Nazarewicz, W / Nörtershäuser, W / Olsen, E / Pearson, M R / Reinhard, P-G / Saperstein, E E / Sumithrarachchi, C / Tolokonnikov, S V

    Physical review letters

    2016  Volume 117, Issue 25, Page(s) 252501

    Abstract: Bunched-beam collinear laser spectroscopy is performed on neutron deficient ^{52,53}Fe prepared through in-flight separation followed by a gas stopping. This novel scheme is a major step to reach nuclides far from the stability line in laser spectroscopy. ...

    Abstract Bunched-beam collinear laser spectroscopy is performed on neutron deficient ^{52,53}Fe prepared through in-flight separation followed by a gas stopping. This novel scheme is a major step to reach nuclides far from the stability line in laser spectroscopy. Differential mean-square charge radii δ⟨r^{2}⟩ of ^{52,53}Fe are determined relative to stable ^{56}Fe as δ⟨r^{2}⟩^{56,52}=-0.034(13)  fm^{2} and δ⟨r^{2}⟩^{56,53}=-0.218(13)  fm^{2}, respectively, from the isotope shift of atomic hyperfine structures. The multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method is used to calculate atomic factors to deduce δ⟨r^{2}⟩. The values of δ⟨r^{2}⟩ exhibit a minimum at the N=28 neutron shell closure. The nuclear density functional theory with Fayans and Skyrme energy density functionals is used to interpret the data. The trend of δ⟨r^{2}⟩ along the Fe isotopic chain results from an interplay between single-particle shell structure, pairing, and polarization effects and provides important data for understanding the intricate trend in the δ⟨r^{2}⟩ of closed-shell Ca isotopes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.252501
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