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  1. Article ; Online: When I say … pipeline programme.

    Mauney, Carrinton A / Garcia, Alejandro V

    Medical education

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 195274-2
    ISSN 1365-2923 ; 0308-0110
    ISSN (online) 1365-2923
    ISSN 0308-0110
    DOI 10.1111/medu.15373
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  2. Article ; Online: Access to Laparoscopic Pediatric Surgery: Do Ethnic and Racial Disparities Exist?

    Chidiac, Charbel / Phan, Paul / Rhee, Daniel S / Garcia, Alejandro V

    The Journal of surgical research

    2024  Volume 296, Page(s) 265–272

    Abstract: Introduction: Disparate access to laparoscopic surgery may contribute to poorer health outcomes among racial and ethnic minorities, especially among children. We investigated whether racial and ethnic disparities in laparoscopic procedures existed among ...

    Abstract Introduction: Disparate access to laparoscopic surgery may contribute to poorer health outcomes among racial and ethnic minorities, especially among children. We investigated whether racial and ethnic disparities in laparoscopic procedures existed among four common surgical operations in the pediatric population in the United States.
    Methods: Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatrics, we conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients, aged less than 18 y old, undergoing appendectomy, fundoplication, cholecystectomy, and colectomy from 2012 to 2021. To compare the surgical approach (laparoscopy or open), a propensity score matching algorithm was used to compare laparoscopic and open procedures between non-Hispanic Black with non-Hispanic White children and Hispanic with non-Hispanic White children.
    Results: 143,205, 9,907, 4,581, and 26,064 children underwent appendectomy, fundoplication, colectomy, and cholecystectomy, respectively. After propensity score matching, non-Hispanic Black children undergoing appendectomy were found to be treated laparoscopically less than non-Hispanic White children (93.5% versus 94.4%, P = 0.007). With fundoplication, Hispanic children were more likely to be treated laparoscopically than White ones (86.7% versus 80.9%, P < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between Black or Hispanic children and White children in rates of laparoscopy for other procedures.
    Conclusions: Though some racial and ethnic disparities exist with appendectomies and fundoplications, there is limited evidence to indicate that widespread inequities among common laparoscopic procedures exist in the pediatric population.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; United States/epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Racial Groups ; Laparoscopy ; Hispanic or Latino ; Black People ; Healthcare Disparities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80170-7
    ISSN 1095-8673 ; 0022-4804
    ISSN (online) 1095-8673
    ISSN 0022-4804
    DOI 10.1016/j.jss.2023.12.041
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  3. Article ; Online: Cryoablation Reduces Opioid Consumption and Length of Stay After Pulmonary Metastasectomy.

    Chidiac, Charbel / Wharton, Kristin / Garcia, Alejandro V / Rhee, Daniel S

    The Journal of surgical research

    2024  Volume 296, Page(s) 704–710

    Abstract: Introduction: Intraoperative cryoablation of intercostal thoracic nerves is gaining popularity as a technique that decreases postoperative pain in thoracic surgery. Our study evaluates the efficacy and safety of cryoablation in pain management of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Intraoperative cryoablation of intercostal thoracic nerves is gaining popularity as a technique that decreases postoperative pain in thoracic surgery. Our study evaluates the efficacy and safety of cryoablation in pain management of pediatric cancer patients undergoing thoracotomy.
    Methods: We reviewed cancer patients undergoing thoracotomies for pulmonary metastasis resection at our children's hospital from 2017 to 2023. Patients who received cryoablation were compared to those who did not. Our primary outcomes were self-reported postoperative pain scores (from 0 to 10) and opioid consumption, measured as oral morphine equivalent per kilogram.
    Results: Thirty eight procedures were performed in 17 patients, of which 11 (64.7%) were males. Cryoablation was used in 14 (32.4%) procedures, while it was not in 24 (67.6%). Median age (17 y in both groups, P = 0.84) and length of surgery (300 cryoablation versus 282 no cryoablation, P = 0.65) were similar between the groups. Patients treated with cryoablation had a shorter hospital stay compared to those who did not (3.0 versus 4.5 d, respectively, P = 0.04) and received a lower total dose of opioids (2.2 oral morphine equivalent per kilogram versus 14.4, P = 0.004). No significant difference was noted in daily pain scores between the two groups (3.8 cryoablation versus 3.9 no cryoablation, P = 0.93). There was no difference in rates of readmissions between the cryoablation and no-cryoablation groups (14.3% versus 8.3%, P = 0.55).
    Conclusions: Our study suggests that cryoablation of the thoracic nerves during a thoracotomy is associated with reduced opiate consumption and shorter hospital stay. Cryoablation appears to be a promising technique for pain management in this patient population.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Cryosurgery/adverse effects ; Metastasectomy ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies ; Pain, Postoperative/etiology ; Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control ; Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy ; Morphine/therapeutic use ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Opioid ; Morphine (76I7G6D29C)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80170-7
    ISSN 1095-8673 ; 0022-4804
    ISSN (online) 1095-8673
    ISSN 0022-4804
    DOI 10.1016/j.jss.2024.01.044
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  4. Article ; Online: Characteristics and trends of pediatric firepit burns: insights for prevention and safety.

    Fazal, Maria / Chidiac, Charbel / Ahmad, Raheel / Issa, Oussama / Hodgman, Erica / Garcia, Alejandro V

    World journal of pediatric surgery

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e000700

    Abstract: Introduction: As fire pits grow in popularity, so do the associated burn injuries. Our study examines pediatric fire pit burns characteristics to raise awareness and promote safety precautions.: Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: As fire pits grow in popularity, so do the associated burn injuries. Our study examines pediatric fire pit burns characteristics to raise awareness and promote safety precautions.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients (≤21 years) with firepit burns at a tertiary care hospital from 2016 to 2021.
    Results: Eighty-four patients were identified, of whom 70.2% were male, with a median age of 62 months. The median percent total body surface area burned was 2% (interquartile range (IQR)=1-4). Thirty-five (41.7%) patients were admitted and 7 (8.3%) underwent grafting. Neck and trunk burns had the highest grafting rates (66% and 33%, respectively). The hands (41.7%) and the lower extremities (27.4%) were the most frequently burned body areas. The leading causes of burns were ashes/hot coals (34.5%), flames (31.0%), and direct contact (25.0%), often resulting from falling into the fire (59.5%) or running or playing in activities near it (26.2%). Thirty-five (41.7%) were admitted for inpatient management, while 49 (58.3%) were treated as outpatient. Eleven (13.2%) underwent at least one reconstructive surgery, 7 (8.4%) had at least one rehabilitation visit, and 65 (77.4%) had follow-up clinic visits. The median length of stay was 2 days (IQR=1.0-3.5). The peak months for burns were from August through October (
    Conclusions: Given the significant proportion of firepit burns resulting from unsafe fire behaviors, it is crucial that caretakers are aware of proper firepit safety precautions.
    Level of evidence: III.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2516-5410
    ISSN (online) 2516-5410
    DOI 10.1136/wjps-2023-000700
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Ethnic disparities in pediatric appendicitis: the impact of hispanic ethnicity on presentation, complications, and postoperative outcomes.

    Chidiac, Charbel / Liu, Olivia / Gorijavolu, Rahul / Rhee, Daniel S / Garcia, Alejandro V

    International journal of colorectal disease

    2024  Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 29

    Abstract: Purpose: Our study investigates ethnic disparities in pediatric appendicitis, focusing on the impact of Hispanic ethnicity on presentation, complications, and postoperative outcomes.: Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Our study investigates ethnic disparities in pediatric appendicitis, focusing on the impact of Hispanic ethnicity on presentation, complications, and postoperative outcomes.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis from 2015 to 2020 using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. We compared 30-day postoperative complications, postoperative length of stay, and postoperative interventions between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients.
    Results: 65,976 patients were included, of which 23,462 (35.56%) were Hispanic and 42,514 (64.44%) non-Hispanic White. Hispanic children were more likely to present to the hospital with complicated appendicitis (31.75% vs. 25.15%, P < 0.0001) and sepsis (25.22% vs. 19.02%, P < 0.0001) compared to non-Hispanic White. Hispanics had higher rates of serious complications (4.06% vs. 3.55%, P = 0.001) but not overall complications (5.37% vs. 5.09%, P = 0.12). However, after multivariate analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was not associated with an increased rate of serious postoperative complications (OR 0.93, CI 0.85-1.01, P = 0.088); it was associated with less overall complications (OR 0.88, CI 0.81-0.96, P = 0.003) but a longer postoperative length of stay (OR 1.09, CI 1.04-1.14, P < 0.0001).
    Conclusion: Hispanic children are more likely to present with complicated appendicitis, contributing to increased postoperative complications. Notably, upon adjustment for the impact of complicated appendicitis, our findings suggest potentially favorable outcomes for Hispanic ethnicity. This emphasizes the need to understand delays in presentation to improve outcomes in the Hispanic population.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Appendicitis/surgery ; Ethnicity ; Hispanic or Latino ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Healthcare Disparities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 84975-3
    ISSN 1432-1262 ; 0179-1958
    ISSN (online) 1432-1262
    ISSN 0179-1958
    DOI 10.1007/s00384-024-04598-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Who moved my fellow: changes to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education fellowships in pediatric surgery and what may be yet to come.

    Alaish, Samuel M / Garcia, Alejandro V

    Current opinion in pediatrics

    2019  Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 409–413

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Over the past 15 years, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has significantly altered the regulatory framework governing fellowship training in pediatric surgery. The daily experiences of pediatric ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Over the past 15 years, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has significantly altered the regulatory framework governing fellowship training in pediatric surgery. The daily experiences of pediatric surgical trainees have been impacted by these changes, but training program directors and faculty have not developed a consistent approach to managing this shift. This review highlights the changes, which have occurred, analyzes the current state of fellowship training, and proposes potential strategies for management.
    Recent findings: The implementation of work hour restrictions, increased supervision requirements, the milestone evaluation program and most recently, enforcement of required critical care experience, have caused significant changes in the curriculum. Pediatric surgical trainees record more total cases, and more minimally invasive surgical (MIS) cases, in particular, than ever before. A subset of this increase may result from trainees performing cases previously assigned to general surgery residents. Teaching cases performed by fellows have decreased. Although the relationship between these shifts in training experience and the didactic curriculum is not clear, we also note that the Pediatric Surgery Certifying Examination failure rate has increased, approaching 20% in recent years.
    Summary: It is unclear whether the changes in Pediatric Surgery training programs have been effective, or (conversely) have led to unintended consequences. Paradigm shifts in our training model may be required to address the changes in surgical education and skill acquisition, so that well tolerated, competent and skillful pediatric surgeons continue to enter the workforce.
    MeSH term(s) Accreditation ; Child ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; General Surgery/education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Pediatrics/education
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049374-8
    ISSN 1531-698X ; 1040-8703
    ISSN (online) 1531-698X
    ISSN 1040-8703
    DOI 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000762
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  7. Article ; Online: Early resuscitation and management of severe pediatric burns.

    Arbuthnot, Mary K / Garcia, Alejandro V

    Seminars in pediatric surgery

    2019  Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 73–78

    Abstract: Pediatric burns are a leading cause of injury and mortality in children in the United States. Prompt resuscitation and management is vital to survival in severe pediatric burns. Although management principles are similar to their adult counterparts, ... ...

    Abstract Pediatric burns are a leading cause of injury and mortality in children in the United States. Prompt resuscitation and management is vital to survival in severe pediatric burns. Although management principles are similar to their adult counterparts, children have unique pathophysiologic responses to burn injury thus an understanding of the differences in fluid resuscitation requirements, airway management, burn and wound care is essential to optimize their outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Airway Management/methods ; Burns/diagnosis ; Burns/therapy ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Fluid Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Resuscitation/methods ; Severity of Illness Index
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1133381-9
    ISSN 1532-9453 ; 1055-8586
    ISSN (online) 1532-9453
    ISSN 1055-8586
    DOI 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.01.013
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  8. Article ; Online: Impact of red blood cell transfusion on regional cerebral oxygen saturation during pediatric ECMO.

    Garcia, Alejandro V / Velez, Ana Karen / Surma, Victoria / Jager, Leah R / Bembea, Melania M

    Transfusion

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 5, Page(s) 942–951

    Abstract: Background: Low cerebral regional tissue oxygenation (crSO2) is associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes in children requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion can improve brain oxygenation ... ...

    Abstract Background: Low cerebral regional tissue oxygenation (crSO2) is associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes in children requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion can improve brain oxygenation and crSO2 has been proposed as a noninvasive monitoring tool that could aid in RBC transfusion decision-making. However, how crSO2 responds to RBC transfusion is largely unknown.
    Study design and methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of all patients <21 years supported on ECMO at a single institution from 2011 to 2018. Transfusion events were grouped by pre-transfusion hemoglobin concentration (<10, 10- < 12, and ≥ 12 g/dL). Post- versus pre-transfusion crSO2 changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.
    Results: The final cohort included 830 transfusion events in 111 patients. Hemoglobin increased significantly post- versus pre-RBC transfusion (estimated mean increase of 0.47 g/dL [95% CI, 0.35-0.58], p < .001), as did crSO2 (estimated mean increase of 1.82 percentage points [95% CI, 1.23-2.40], p < .001). Larger improvements in crSO2 were associated with lower pre-transfusion crSO2 values (p < .001). There was no difference in mean change in crSO2 across the three hemoglobin groups in unadjusted analysis (p = .5) or after adjusting for age, diagnostic category, and pre-transfusion rSO2 (p = .15). Pre-transfusion crSO2 was <50% for 112 of 830 (13.5%) transfusion events, with only 30 (26.8%) crSO2 measurements noted to increase ≥50% post-transfusion.
    Discussion: Among neonatal and pediatric patients on ECMO support, there was a statistically significant increase in crSO2 following RBC transfusion, although clinical significance needs to be investigated further. The effect was strongest among patients with lower crSO2 pre-transfusion.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Child ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Cohort Studies ; Oxygen Saturation ; Clinical Relevance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17317
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  9. Article ; Online: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the pediatric population - who should go on, and who should not.

    Etchill, Eric W / Dante, Siddhartha A / Garcia, Alejandro V

    Current opinion in pediatrics

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 416–423

    Abstract: Purpose of review: The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a method of providing cardiorespiratory support in instances of cardiac or respiratory failure, in neonates and children continues to expand and evolve. This review details the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a method of providing cardiorespiratory support in instances of cardiac or respiratory failure, in neonates and children continues to expand and evolve. This review details the current landscape of ECMO as it applies to neonates and children.
    Recent findings: Specifically, this review provides the most recent evidence for which patients should be considered for the various forms of ECMO including venovenous ECMO, venoarterial-ECMO, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Specific topics to be discussed include indications and contraindications for the different types of ECMO in neonates and children, anticoagulation strategies and ways to monitor end-organ function, outcomes specific to the different types and populations with a focus on meaningful survival to discharge and neurologic outcomes, and consideration of special populations such as low birth weight infants, traumatically injured patients, and children who received recent bone marrow transplants. This review also discusses still unanswered questions surrounding the most appropriate use of ECMO as its role and applications continue to evolve.
    Summary: With rapidly increasing utilization of ECMO, neonatologists and pediatricians should be aware of the most recent evidence guiding its indications, applications, and limitations.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods ; Child ; Critical Care ; Decision Making ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049374-8
    ISSN 1531-698X ; 1040-8703
    ISSN (online) 1531-698X
    ISSN 1040-8703
    DOI 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000904
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  10. Article: Unusual case of delayed congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Loeys-Dietz syndrome: a case report.

    Lobaton, Gilberto O / Chen, Y Julia / Jelin, Eric / Garcia, Alejandro V

    Journal of surgical case reports

    2021  Volume 2021, Issue 1, Page(s) rjaa604

    Abstract: Congenital diaphragmatic hernias rarely present after 2 months of age and are typically diagnosed in the perinatal period. Moderate to severe diaphragmatic hernias present with respiratory symptoms, while late-onset hernias have a more varied ... ...

    Abstract Congenital diaphragmatic hernias rarely present after 2 months of age and are typically diagnosed in the perinatal period. Moderate to severe diaphragmatic hernias present with respiratory symptoms, while late-onset hernias have a more varied presentation, depending on the age and content of the hernia. Very rarely, such hernias are found on incidental imaging, in which surgical repair is frequently recommended. A young girl with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and prior abdominal surgeries presents with 1-year history of increasingly severe, intermittent, abdominal and left shoulder pain. Prior imaging incidentally revealed a left diaphragmatic hernia with omentum protruding into the thoracic cavity. This was managed expectantly due to her other medical and surgical issues. Serial imaging revealed that the herniated omentum was increasing in size and symptoms began to develop. An uncomplicated primary thoracoscopic repair was performed. We report the first case of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2042-8812
    ISSN 2042-8812
    DOI 10.1093/jscr/rjaa604
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