Artikel ; Online: Antibody titer levels and the effect on subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large US-based cohort
Heliyon. 2023 Feb., v. 9, no. 2 p.e13103-
2023
Abstract: Despite a growing amount of data around the kinetics and durability of the antibody response induced by vaccination and previous infection, there is little understanding of whether or not a given quantitative level of antibodies correlates to protection ... ...
| Abstract | Despite a growing amount of data around the kinetics and durability of the antibody response induced by vaccination and previous infection, there is little understanding of whether or not a given quantitative level of antibodies correlates to protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or reinfection. In this study, we examine SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests in a large cohort of US-based patients. We analyzed antibody test results in a cohort of 22,204 individuals, 6.8% (n = 1,509) of whom eventually tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting infection or reinfection. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to understand the effect of various levels of anti-spike RBD antibody titers (classified into discrete ranges) on subsequent RT-PCR positivity rates. Statistical analyses included fitting a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the age-, sex- and exposure-adjusted hazard ratios for S antibody titer, using zip-code positivity rates by week as a proxy for COVID-19 exposure. It was found that the best models of the temporally associated infection risk were those based on log antibody titer level (HR = 0.836 (p < 0.05)). When titers were binned, the hazard ratio associated with antibody titer >250 Binding Antibody Units (BAU) was 0.27 (p < 0.05, 95% CI [0.18, 0.41]), while the hazard ratio associated with previous infection was 0.20 (p < 0.05, 95% CI [0.10, 0.39]). Fisher exact odds ratio (OR) for Ab titers <250 BAU showed OR = 2.84 (p < 0.05; 95% CI: [2.30, 3.53]) for predicting the outcome of a subsequent PCR test. Antibody titer levels correlate with protection against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection or reinfection when examining a cohort of real-world patients who had the spike RBD antibody assay performed. |
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| Schlagwörter | COVID-19 infection ; RNA ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; antibodies ; antibody formation ; durability ; hazard ratio ; models ; odds ratio ; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; risk ; vaccination ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibody ; Spike ; Nucleocapsid ; Seroprevalence ; AUC ; BAU ; HR ; IQR ; OR ; ROC ; RBD ; RT-PCR |
| Sprache | Englisch |
| Erscheinungsverlauf | 2023-02 |
| Erscheinungsort | Elsevier Ltd |
| Dokumenttyp | Artikel ; Online |
| Anmerkung | Use and reproduction |
| ZDB-ID | 2835763-2 |
| ISSN | 2405-8440 |
| ISSN | 2405-8440 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13103 |
| Datenquelle | NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA) |
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