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Article ; Online: Measurements of atmospheric HONO vertical distribution and temporal evolution in Madrid (Spain) using the MAX-DOAS technique.

Garcia-Nieto, David / Benavent, Nuria / Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso

2018 Volume 643, Page(s) 957–966

Abstract: Nitrous acid (HONO) stands as one of the main species in tropospheric chemistry, primarily in polluted, urban regions. Due to its fast photodissociation, it is considered as one the main sources of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most relevant oxidant in ... ...

Abstract	Nitrous acid (HONO) stands as one of the main species in tropospheric chemistry, primarily in polluted, urban regions. Due to its fast photodissociation, it is considered as one the main sources of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most relevant oxidant in the atmosphere. Therefore, the evaluation of HONO concentration profiles and their temporal evolution is important for urban atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we report a year-round measurement of HONO vertical concentration profiles, as well as their diurnal and seasonal evolution during 2016 in Madrid. Making use of the Multi-AXis Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) technique in addition to inversion algorithms, we retrieved the aerosol extinction and trace gas concentrations. Our results show HONO maximum values of 3.5-4 ppbv in the early morning and late afternoon, and minima around noon, when the lifetime of HONO against photolysis is shortest. On average, there is a pronounced HONO concentration gradient across different seasons, being higher during the autumn and winter months. Finally, we estimate and discuss the production rate of OH radicals from HONO photolysis, along with its variability throughout the year.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.180
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Article: Measurements of atmospheric HONO vertical distribution and temporal evolution in Madrid (Spain) using the MAX-DOAS technique

Garcia-Nieto, David / Benavent, Nuria / Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso

Science of the total environment. 2018 Dec. 01, v. 643

2018

Abstract	Nitrous acid (HONO) stands as one of the main species in tropospheric chemistry, primarily in polluted, urban regions. Due to its fast photodissociation, it is considered as one the main sources of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most relevant oxidant in the atmosphere. Therefore, the evaluation of HONO concentration profiles and their temporal evolution is important for urban atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we report a year-round measurement of HONO vertical concentration profiles, as well as their diurnal and seasonal evolution during 2016 in Madrid. Making use of the Multi-AXis Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) technique in addition to inversion algorithms, we retrieved the aerosol extinction and trace gas concentrations. Our results show HONO maximum values of 3.5–4 ppbv in the early morning and late afternoon, and minima around noon, when the lifetime of HONO against photolysis is shortest. On average, there is a pronounced HONO concentration gradient across different seasons, being higher during the autumn and winter months. Finally, we estimate and discuss the production rate of OH radicals from HONO photolysis, along with its variability throughout the year.
Keywords	algorithms ; atmospheric chemistry ; autumn ; free radicals ; hydroxyl radicals ; nitrous acid ; oxidants ; photolysis ; spatial distribution ; spectroscopy ; troposphere ; urban areas ; winter ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-1201
Size	p. 957-966.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.180
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part I: Diagnostic and analysis from observations" [Sci. Total Environ. 635C (2018) 1561-1574].

Borge, Rafael / Artíñano, Begoña / Yagüe, Carlos / Gomez-Moreno, Francisco Javier / Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso / Sastre, Mariano / Narros, Adolfo / García-Nieto, David / Benavent, Nuria / Maqueda, Gregorio / Barreiro, Marcos / de Andrés, Juan Manuel / Cristóbal, Ángeles

The Science of the total environment

2018 Volume 637-638, Page(s) 1626

Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.201
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Article ; Online: Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part I: Diagnostic and analysis from observations.

The Science of the total environment

2018 Volume 635, Page(s) 1561–1573

Abstract: Exceedances of ... ...

Abstract	Exceedances of NO
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Cities ; Environmental Monitoring ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Spain ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter ; Vehicle Emissions
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.149
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Article: Application of a short term air quality action plan in Madrid (Spain) under a high-pollution episode - Part I: Diagnostic and analysis from observations

Science of the total environment. 2018 Sept. 01, v. 635

2018

Abstract: Exceedances of NO2 hourly limit value (200 μg·m−3) imply the need to implement short term action plans to avoid adverse effects on human health in urban areas. The Madrid City Council applied the stage 3 of the NO2 protocol during a high-pollution ... ...

Abstract	Exceedances of NO2 hourly limit value (200 μg·m−3) imply the need to implement short term action plans to avoid adverse effects on human health in urban areas. The Madrid City Council applied the stage 3 of the NO2 protocol during a high-pollution episode under stable meteorological conditions on December 2016 for the first time. This included road traffic access restrictions to the city centre (50% of conventional private vehicles based on plate numbers). In this contribution we analyse different meteorological and air quality observations, including non-standard parameters (such as number of ultrafine particles and remote sensing techniques MAXDOAS) for a better understanding of the effectivity of short-term emission abatement measures under real conditions and to identify options to improve the NO2 protocol in the future. According to our results, the inversion base height computed from vertical temperature soundings is a meaningful index to anticipate very unfavourable conditions and trigger the actions included in the protocol. The analysis of the concentration levels of the main pollutants from the Madrid air quality monitoring network indicate that only stage 3 of the protocol had a significant effect on NO2 maximum concentrations. The restrictions applied may have prevented NO2 concentrations to further increase in the city centre (up to 15%) although pollution levels in the city outskirts, outside the area directly affected by the traffic restrictions, remained unchanged or may have been slightly increased. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to estimate more precisely the effect of the measures taken and to assess potential trade-offs. Our results suggest that emissions play an important role also under very strong stability conditions although drastic measures are needed to achieve a significant impact. This highlights the importance of an appropriate timing for short-term actions and the need of permanent abatement measures related to air quality plans and policies.
Keywords	adverse effects ; air quality ; emissions ; human health ; issues and policy ; meteorological parameters ; monitoring ; nitrogen dioxide ; pollutants ; pollution ; remote sensing ; temperature ; traffic ; urban areas ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0901
Size	p. 1561-1573.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.149
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Inter-comparison of MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric HONO slant column densities and vertical profiles during the CINDI-2 campaign

Wang, Yang / Apituley, Arnoud / Bais, Alkiviadis / Beirle, Steffen / Benavent, Nuria / Borovski, Alexander / Bruchkouski, Ilya / Chan, Ka Lok / Donner, Sebastian / Drosoglou, Theano / Finkenzeller, Henning / Friedrich, Martina M. / Frieß, Udo / Garcia-Nieto, David / Gómez-Martín, Laura / Hendrick, François / Hilboll, Andreas / Jin, Junli / Johnston, Paul /

eISSN: 1867-8548

2020

Abstract: We present the inter-comparison of delta slant column densities (SCDs) and vertical profiles of nitrous acid (HONO) derived from measurements of different multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments and using different ... ...

Abstract	We present the inter-comparison of delta slant column densities (SCDs) and vertical profiles of nitrous acid (HONO) derived from measurements of different multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments and using different inversion algorithms during the Second Cabauw Inter-comparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) in September 2016 at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97 ∘ N, 4.93 ∘ E). The HONO vertical profiles, vertical column densities (VCDs), and near-surface volume mixing ratios are compared between different MAX-DOAS instruments and profile inversion algorithms for the first time. Systematic and random discrepancies of the HONO results are derived from the comparisons of all data sets against their median values. Systematic discrepancies of HONO delta SCDs are observed in the range of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">15</mn></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="57pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="43a41b50450f09413c2cd4391af6a649"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00001.svg" width="57pt" height="14pt" src="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> molec. cm −2 , which is half of the typical random discrepancy of 0.6×10 15 molec. cm −2 . For a typical high HONO delta SCD of 2×10 15 molec. cm −2 , the relative systematic and random discrepancies are about 15 % and 30 %, respectively. The inter-comparison of HONO profiles shows that both systematic and random discrepancies of HONO VCDs and near-surface volume mixing ratios (VMRs) are mostly in the range of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">14</mn></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="68pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c83bbdf4e8b1b463629f8347397daba8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00002.svg" width="68pt" height="14pt" src="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> molec. cm −2 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.1</mn></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="35pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c25eb3cfd166b0622ce04645e8595f6d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00003.svg" width="35pt" height="10pt" src="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> ppb (typically ∼20 %). Further we find that the discrepancies of the retrieved HONO profiles are dominated by discrepancies of the HONO delta SCDs. The profile retrievals only contribute to the discrepancies of the HONO profiles by ∼5 %. However, some data sets with substantially larger discrepancies than the typical values indicate that inappropriate implementations of profile inversion algorithms and configurations of radiative transfer models in the profile retrievals can also be an important uncertainty source. In addition, estimations of measurement uncertainties of HONO dSCDs, which can significantly impact profile retrievals using the optimal estimation method, need to consider not only DOAS fit errors, but also atmospheric variability, especially for an instrument with a DOAS fit error lower than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">14</mn></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="51pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="65a824df87a7b2fc64bf1447398db2c6"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00004.svg" width="51pt" height="14pt" src="amt-13-5087-2020-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg> molec. cm −2 . The MAX-DOAS results during the CINDI-2 campaign indicate that the peak HONO levels (e.g. near-surface VMRs of ∼0.4 ppb) often appeared in the early morning and below 0.2 km. The near-surface VMRs retrieved from the MAX-DOAS observations are compared with those measured using a co-located long-path DOAS instrument. The systematic differences are smaller than 0.15 and 0.07 ppb during early morning and around noon, respectively. Since true HONO values at high altitudes are not known in the absence of real measurements, in order to evaluate the abilities of profile inversion algorithms to respond to different HONO profile shapes, we performed sensitivity studies using synthetic HONO delta SCDs simulated by a radiative transfer model with assumed HONO profiles. The tests indicate that the profile inversion algorithms based on the optimal estimation method with proper configurations can reproduce the different HONO profile shapes well. Therefore we conclude that the features of HONO accumulated near the surface derived from MAX-DOAS measurements are expected to represent the ambient HONO profiles well.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-29
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Inter-comparison of MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric HONO slant column densities and vertical profiles during the CINDI-2 Campaign

eISSN: 1867-8548

2020

Abstract: We present the inter-comparison of delta slant column densities (SCDs) and vertical profiles of nitrous acid (HONO) derived from measurements of different MAX-DOAS instruments and using different inversion algorithms during the Second Cabauw Inter- ... ...

Abstract	We present the inter-comparison of delta slant column densities (SCDs) and vertical profiles of nitrous acid (HONO) derived from measurements of different MAX-DOAS instruments and using different inversion algorithms during the Second Cabauw Inter-comparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2), in September 2016, at Cabauw, The Netherlands (51.97° N, 4.93° E). Systematic discrepancies of HONO delta SCDs are observed in the range of ±0.3 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 , which is half of the typical random discrepancy of 0.6 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 . For a typical high HONO delta SCD of 2 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 , the relative systematic and random discrepancies are about 15 % and 30 %, respectively. The inter-comparison of HONO profiles shows that both systematic and random discrepancies of HONO VCDs and near-surface volume mixing ratios (VMRs) are mostly in the range of ~ ±0.5 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 and ~ ±0.1 ppb (typically ~ 20 %). Further we find that the discrepancies of the retrieved HONO profiles are dominated by discrepancies of the HONO delta SCDs. The profile retrievals only contribute to the discrepancies of the HONO profiles by ~ 5 %. However, some data sets with substantial larger discrepancies than the typical values indicate that inappropriate implementations of profile inversion algorithms and configurations of radiative transfer models in the profile retrievals can also be an important uncertainty source. In addition, estimations of measurement uncertainties of HONO dSCDs, which can significantly impact profile retrievals using the optimal estimation method, need to consider not only DOAS fit errors, but also atmospheric variability, especially for an instrument with a DOAS fit error lower than ~ 3 × 10 15 molecules cm −2 . The MAX-DOAS results during the CINDI-2 campaign indicate that the peak HONO levels (e.g. near-surface VMRs of ~ 0.4 ppb) often appeared in the early morning and below 0.2 km. The near-surface VMRs retrieved from the MAX-DOAS observations are compared with those measured using a co-located long-path DOAS instrument. The systematic differences are smaller than 0.15 ppb and 0.07 ppb during early morning and around noon, respectively. Since true HONO values at high altitudes are not known in the absence of real measurements, in order to evaluate the abilities of profile inversion algorithms to respond to different HONO profile shapes, we performed sensitivity studies using synthetic HONO delta SCDs simulated by a radiative transfer model with assumed HONO profiles. The tests indicate that the profile inversion algorithms based on the optimal estimation method with proper configurations can well reproduce the different HONO profile shapes. Therefore we conclude that the feature of HONO accumulated near the surface derived from MAX-DOAS measurements are expected to well represent the ambient HONO profiles.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-04
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Kreher, Karin / Roozendael, Michel / Hendrick, Francois / Apituley, Arnoud / Dimitropoulou, Ermioni / Frieß, Udo / Richter, Andreas / Wagner, Thomas / Lampel, Johannes / Abuhassan, Nader / Ang, Li / Anguas, Monica / Bais, Alkis / Benavent, Nuria / Bösch, Tim / Bognar, Kristof / Borovski, Alexander / Bruchkouski, Ilya / Cede, Alexander /

Chan, Ka Lok / Donner, Sebastian / Drosoglou, Theano / Fayt, Caroline / Finkenzeller, Henning / Garcia-Nieto, David / Gielen, Clio / Gómez-Martín, Laura / Hao, Nan / Henzing, Bas / Herman, Jay R. / Hermans, Christian / Hoque, Syedul / Irie, Hitoshi / Jin, Junli / Johnston, Paul / Khayyam Butt, Junaid / Khokhar, Fahim / Koenig, Theodore K. / Kuhn, Jonas / Kumar, Vinod / Liu, Cheng / Ma, Jianzhong / Merlaud, Alexis / Mishra, Abhishek K. / Müller, Moritz / Navarro-Comas, Monica / Ostendorf, Mareike / Pazmino, Andrea / Peters, Enno / Pinardi, Gaia / Pinharanda, Manuel / Piters, Ankie / Platt, Ulrich / Postylyakov, Oleg / Prados-Roman, Cristina / Puentedura, Olga / Querel, Richard / Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso / Schönhardt, Anja / Schreier, Stefan F. / Seyler, André / Sinha, Vinayak / Spinei, Elena / Strong, Kimberly / Tack, Frederik / Tian, Xin / Tiefengraber, Martin / Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas / Gent, Jeroen / Volkamer, Rainer / Vrekoussis, Mihalis / Wang, Shanshan / Wang, Zhuoru / Wenig, Mark / Wittrock, Folkard / Xie, Pinhua H. / Xu, Jin / Yela, Margarita / Zhang, Chengxin / Zhao, Xiaoyi

eISSN: 1867-8548

2020

Abstract: In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, ... ...

Abstract	In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97 ∘ N, 4.93 ∘ E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide ( NO 2 ), the oxygen collision complex ( O 4 ) and ozone ( O 3 ) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO 2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by each instrument and for each of the target data products. The slope and intercept of the regression analysis respectively quantify the mean systematic bias and offset of the individual data sets against the selected reference (which is obtained from the median of either all data sets or a subset), and the rms error provides an estimate of the measurement noise or dispersion. These three criteria are examined and for each of the parameters and each of the data products, performance thresholds are set and applied to all the measurements. The approach presented here has been developed based on heritage from previous intercomparison exercises. It introduces a quantitative assessment of the consistency between all the participating instruments for the MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky DOAS techniques.
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-06
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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