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  1. Article ; Online: Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality-of-life impact.

    Garden, Elizabeth Mairenn / Kumaresan, Kala / Clark, Allan / Philpott, Carl Martin

    Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery

    2023  Volume 48, Issue 2, Page(s) 206–212

    Abstract: Background: The Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ) is widely used for patients suffering from olfactory disorders to depict the impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to scale and produce reference values for patients ODQ score ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ) is widely used for patients suffering from olfactory disorders to depict the impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to scale and produce reference values for patients ODQ score according to Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) severity.
    Methods: In this prospective study, a cross-sectional anonymous survey was created, which combined EQ-5D-5L, BDI and ODQ. Correlation was calculated between the three questionnaires. Receiver operator characteristic curves were created to produce cut-off values for ODQ scores based on three BDI categories (mild, borderline clinical and moderate-to-severe depression).
    Results: Of the 578 who responded to the survey, 445 completed all sections and were included in the study. Majority were female (n = 327,73.5%), median age group 55-70 years (n = 193,43.4%). There was a strong correlation between BDI score and total ODQ score. There was a clear gradient in total ODQ score for each BDI classification; those with mild depression had the lowest mean ODQ score (101.8, range 39-168), those with moderate-to-severe depression had the highest (138.24, range 74-177). Due to overlapping of confidence intervals we were unable to grade the ODQ score.
    Conclusion: The study was unable to generate reference values for the ODQ due to lower numbers of patients with borderline clinical to extreme depression. However, we were able to appreciate the general trend, that the higher the ODQ score, the higher the risk of depression. These findings should guide clinical practice to ensure appropriate care and support is provided for those with olfactory dysfunction.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Quality of Life ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Olfaction Disorders/diagnosis ; Depression/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2205891-6
    ISSN 1749-4486 ; 1749-4478 ; 0307-7772 ; 1365-2273
    ISSN (online) 1749-4486
    ISSN 1749-4478 ; 0307-7772 ; 1365-2273
    DOI 10.1111/coa.14017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Medical students' experience of consulting in primary care.

    Cohen, Claudia / Garden, Elizabeth Mairenn

    The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 698, Page(s) 434

    MeSH term(s) Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Humans ; Primary Health Care ; Referral and Consultation ; Students, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1043148-2
    ISSN 1478-5242 ; 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    ISSN (online) 1478-5242
    ISSN 0035-8797 ; 0960-1643
    DOI 10.3399/bjgp20X712229
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Delivery of Topical Drugs to the Olfactory Cleft.

    Espehana, Andreas / Lee, Liam / Garden, Elizabeth Mairenn / Klyvyte, Gabija / Gokani, Shyam / Jegatheeswaran, Lavandan / Wong, Jeremy Jonathan / Philpott, Carl

    Journal of clinical medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 23

    Abstract: Olfactory dysfunction affects approximately 20% of the population globally, with incidence increasing over the age of 60. The pathophysiology is complex, not yet fully understood, and depends on many factors, including the underlying cause. Despite this, ...

    Abstract Olfactory dysfunction affects approximately 20% of the population globally, with incidence increasing over the age of 60. The pathophysiology is complex, not yet fully understood, and depends on many factors, including the underlying cause. Despite this, the present literature on olfaction is limited due to significant heterogeneity in methodological approaches. This has resulted in limited effective treatments available for olfactory dysfunction. Medications for olfactory dysfunction can be administered locally (directly to the olfactory epithelium) or systemically (orally or intravenously). Currently, there are various methods for local drug delivery to the olfactory epithelium (nasal drops, nasal sprays, atomisers, pressured meter-dosed inhalers, rinses, and exhalation delivery systems). The aims of this review are to summarise the different methods of drug delivery to the olfactory cleft, evaluate the current literature to assess which method is the most effective in delivering drugs to the olfactory epithelium, and review the medications currently available to treat olfactory dysfunction topically. Going forward, further research is required to better establish effective methods of drug delivery to the olfactory epithelium to treat smell disorders.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2662592-1
    ISSN 2077-0383
    ISSN 2077-0383
    DOI 10.3390/jcm12237387
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  4. Article: Assessment of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction and its association with psychological, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms.

    Jegatheeswaran, Lavandan / Gokani, Shyam Ajay / Luke, Louis / Klyvyte, Gabija / Espehana, Andreas / Garden, Elizabeth Mairenn / Tarantino, Alessia / Al Omari, Basil / Philpott, Carl Martin

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2023  Volume 17, Page(s) 1165329

    Abstract: Purpose of review: To provide a detailed overview of the assessment of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction and its association with psychological, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms.: Recent findings: COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: To provide a detailed overview of the assessment of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction and its association with psychological, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms.
    Recent findings: COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction can have a detrimental impact to the quality of life of patients. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, olfactory and taste disorders were a common but under-rated, under-researched and under-treated sensory loss. The pandemic has exacerbated the current unmet need for accessing good healthcare for patients living with olfactory disorders and other symptoms secondary to COVID-19. This review thus explores the associations that COVID-19 has with psychological, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms, and provide a framework and rationale for the assessment of patients presenting with COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.
    Summary: Acute COVID-19 infection and long COVID is not solely a disease of the respiratory and vascular systems. These two conditions have strong associations with psychological, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms. A systematic approach with history taking and examination particularly with nasal endoscopy can determine the impact that this has on the patient. Specific olfactory disorder questionnaires can demonstrate the impact on quality of life, while psychophysical testing can objectively assess and monitor olfaction over time. The role of cross-sectional imaging is not yet described for COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Management options are limited to conservative adjunctive measures, with some medical therapies described.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2023.1165329
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The growing burden of long COVID in the United Kingdom: Insights from the UK Coronavirus Infection Survey.

    Gokani, Shyam Ajay / Ta, Ngan Hong / Espehana, Andreas / Garden, Elizabeth Mairenn / Klyvyte, Gabija / Luke, Louis / Myuran, Tharsika / Uththerakunaseelan, Vinushy / Boak, Duncan Cameron / Philpott, Carl Martin

    International forum of allergy & rhinology

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) 1535–1538

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Taste Disorders ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Olfaction Disorders ; Smell ; Taste
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2625826-2
    ISSN 2042-6984 ; 2042-6976
    ISSN (online) 2042-6984
    ISSN 2042-6976
    DOI 10.1002/alr.23103
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  6. Article ; Online: Relationship between primary school healthy eating and physical activity promoting environments and children's dietary intake, physical activity and weight status: a longitudinal study in the West Midlands, UK.

    Garden, Elizabeth Mairenn / Pallan, Miranda / Clarke, Joanne / Griffin, Tania / Hurley, Kiya / Lancashire, Emma / Sitch, Alice J / Passmore, Sandra / Adab, Peymane

    BMJ open

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 12, Page(s) e040833

    Abstract: Objective: We aimed to examine the association between food and physical activity environments in primary schools and child anthropometric, healthy eating and physical activity measures.: Design: Observational longitudinal study using data from a ... ...

    Abstract Objective: We aimed to examine the association between food and physical activity environments in primary schools and child anthropometric, healthy eating and physical activity measures.
    Design: Observational longitudinal study using data from a childhood obesity prevention trial.
    Setting: State primary schools in the West Midlands region, UK.
    Participants: 1392 pupils who participated in the WAVES (West Midlands ActiVe lifestyle and healthy Eating in School children) childhood obesity prevention trial (2011-2015).
    Primary and secondary outcome measures: School environment (exposure) was categorised according to questionnaire responses indicating their support for healthy eating and/or physical activity. Child outcome measures, undertaken at three time points (ages 5-6, 7-8 and 8-9 years), included body mass index z-scores, dietary intake (using a 24-hour food ticklist) and physical activity (using an Actiheart monitor over 5 days). Associations between school food and physical activity environment categories and outcomes were explored through multilevel models.
    Results: Data were available for 1304 children (94% of the study sample). At age 8-9 years, children in 10 schools with healthy eating and physical activity-supportive environments had a higher physical activity energy expenditure than those in 22 schools with less supportive healthy eating/physical activity environments (mean difference=5.3 kJ/kg body weight/24 hours; p=0.05). Children in schools with supportive physical activity environments (n=8) had a lower body mass index z-score than those in schools with less supportive healthy eating/physical activity environments (n=22; mean difference=-0.17, p=0.02). School food and physical activity promoting environments were not significantly associated with dietary outcomes.
    Conclusions: School environments that support healthy food and physical activity behaviours may positively influence physical activity and childhood obesity.
    Trial registration number: ISRCTN97000586.
    MeSH term(s) Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet, Healthy ; Eating ; Exercise ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control ; School Health Services ; Schools ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2599832-8
    ISSN 2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
    ISSN (online) 2044-6055
    ISSN 2044-6055
    DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040833
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