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  1. Article: The Paraguayan Chaco at a crossroads: drivers of an emerging soybean frontier

    Henderson, James / Godar, Javier / Frey, Gabriel Ponzoni / Börner, Jan / Gardner, Toby

    Regional environmental change. 2021 Sept., v. 21, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: Our study analyzes potential agro-industrial soybean expansion dynamics and is the first to project soybean expansion Paraguayan Chaco. This biodiverse region, home to the greatest diversity of indigenous groups in Paraguay, has recently seen some of the ...

    Abstract Our study analyzes potential agro-industrial soybean expansion dynamics and is the first to project soybean expansion Paraguayan Chaco. This biodiverse region, home to the greatest diversity of indigenous groups in Paraguay, has recently seen some of the world’s highest deforestation rates, losing 3.4 Mha of forestland between 2001 and 2014. Soy, a globally traded commodity crop and Paraguay’s largest export product, recently arrived in the area and may exacerbate the high deforestation rates currently attributed to pastureland expansion. We combine extensive field, trade, and satellite data, to analyze the context, and push-pull factors that are driving frontier expansion dynamics, and assess the potential impacts of soybean-based land use change using geo-located accounts of current soybean production sites. Our analysis finds that roughly 742,000 ha in the Paraguayan Chaco are suitable for soybean frontier expansion with an additional 940,000 ha moderately suitable for expansion. We identify the main drivers of soybean expansion in the region as agricultural technology and land price appreciation. However, infrastructure investments are set to further drive soybean expansion dynamics and connect the region via navigable rivers and roads with access to ports on the Atlantic and Pacific oceans as part of the multi-national Corredor-Bioceánico “bi-oceanic corridor” road project. The continued rapid development of this fragile landscape could transform the Paraguayan Chaco into a major South American logistics hub for soybean and other agricultural production. Without appropriate governance systems in place, this development could lead to irreversible large-scale damage to the socio-environmental systems, similar to boom dynamics seen in other South American frontiers.
    Keywords deforestation ; exports ; forest land ; governance ; land use change ; landscapes ; pastures ; prices ; remote sensing ; soybeans ; Paraguay
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Size p. 72.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1464515-4
    ISSN 1436-3798
    ISSN 1436-3798
    DOI 10.1007/s10113-021-01804-z
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7484: Show issues

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  2. Book: Monitoring forest biodiversity

    Gardner, Toby

    improving conservation through ecologically responsible management

    (The Earthscan forest library)

    2010  

    Author's details Toby Gardner
    Series title The Earthscan forest library
    Keywords Sustainable forestry. ; Biodiversity conservation. ; Forest biodiversity. ; Forest management.
    Language English
    Size xxvii, 360 p. :, ill., maps ;, 25 cm.
    Publisher Earthscan
    Publishing place London ; Washington, DC
    Document type Book
    ISBN 9781844076543 ; 1844076547
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Book: Monitoring forest biodiversity

    Gardner, Toby

    improving conservation through ecologically responsible management

    (The Earthscan forest library)

    2010  

    Author's details Toby Gardner
    Series title The Earthscan forest library
    Keywords Biodiversity conservation ; Forest biodiversity ; Forest management ; Sustainable forestry
    Language English
    Size XXVII, 360 S., Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Earthscan
    Publishing place London u.a.
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index
    ISBN 9781844076543 ; 1844076547
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  4. Book: Monitoring forest biodiversity

    Gardner, Toby

    improving conservation through ecologically responsible management

    (The Earthscan forest library)

    2010  

    Author's details Toby Gardner
    Series title The Earthscan forest library
    Keywords Biodiversity conservation ; Forest biodiversity ; Forest management ; Sustainable forestry ; Waldökosystem ; Erhaltung ; Forstwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Biodiversität
    Language English
    Size XXVII, 360 S., Ill., graph. Darst.
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index
    ISBN 9781844076543 ; 1844076547
    Database Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries

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  5. Article ; Online: A Commodity Supply Mix for More Regionalized Life Cycle Assessments.

    Lathuillière, Michael J / Patouillard, Laure / Margni, Manuele / Ayre, Ben / Löfgren, Pernilla / Ribeiro, Vivian / West, Chris / Gardner, Toby A / Suavet, Clément

    Environmental science & technology

    2021  Volume 55, Issue 17, Page(s) 12054–12065

    Abstract: Supply chain information is invaluable to further regionalize product life cycle assessments (LCAs), but detailed information linking production and consumption centers is not always available. We introduce the commodity supply mix (CSM) defined as the ... ...

    Abstract Supply chain information is invaluable to further regionalize product life cycle assessments (LCAs), but detailed information linking production and consumption centers is not always available. We introduce the commodity supply mix (CSM) defined as the trade-volume-weighted average representing the combined geographic areas for the production of a commodity exported to a given market with the goal of (1) enhancing the relevance of inventory and impact regionalization and (2) allocating these impacts to specific markets. We apply the CSM to the Brazilian soybean supply chain mapped by Trase to obtain the mix of ecoregions and river basins linked to domestic consumption and exports to China, EU, France, and the rest of the world, before quantifying damage to biodiversity, and water scarcity footprints. The EU had the lowest potential biodiversity damage but the largest water scarcity footprint following respective sourcing patterns in 12 ecoregions and 18 river basins. These results differed from the average impact scores obtained from Brazilian soybean production information alone. The CSM can be derived at different scales (subnationally, internationally) using existing supply chain information and constitutes an additional step toward greater regionalization in LCAs, particularly for impacts with greater spatial variability such as biodiversity and water scarcity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biodiversity ; China ; Life Cycle Stages ; Rivers ; Glycine max ; Water Supply
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.1c03060
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: A Commodity Supply Mix for More Regionalized Life Cycle Assessments

    Lathuillière, Michael J. / Patouillard, Laure / Margni, Manuele / Ayre, Ben / Löfgren, Pernilla / Ribeiro, Vivian / West, Chris / Gardner, Toby A. / Suavet, Clément

    Environmental science & technology. 2021 Aug. 10, v. 55, no. 17

    2021  

    Abstract: Supply chain information is invaluable to further regionalize product life cycle assessments (LCAs), but detailed information linking production and consumption centers is not always available. We introduce the commodity supply mix (CSM) defined as the ... ...

    Abstract Supply chain information is invaluable to further regionalize product life cycle assessments (LCAs), but detailed information linking production and consumption centers is not always available. We introduce the commodity supply mix (CSM) defined as the trade-volume-weighted average representing the combined geographic areas for the production of a commodity exported to a given market with the goal of (1) enhancing the relevance of inventory and impact regionalization and (2) allocating these impacts to specific markets. We apply the CSM to the Brazilian soybean supply chain mapped by Trase to obtain the mix of ecoregions and river basins linked to domestic consumption and exports to China, EU, France, and the rest of the world, before quantifying damage to biodiversity, and water scarcity footprints. The EU had the lowest potential biodiversity damage but the largest water scarcity footprint following respective sourcing patterns in 12 ecoregions and 18 river basins. These results differed from the average impact scores obtained from Brazilian soybean production information alone. The CSM can be derived at different scales (subnationally, internationally) using existing supply chain information and constitutes an additional step toward greater regionalization in LCAs, particularly for impacts with greater spatial variability such as biodiversity and water scarcity.
    Keywords biodiversity ; environmental science ; inventories ; markets ; product life cycle ; rivers ; soybeans ; supply chain ; technology ; water shortages ; China ; France
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0810
    Size p. 12054-12065.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.1c03060
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: The origin, supply chain, and deforestation risk of Brazil's beef exports.

    Zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K H J / Godar, Javier / Lathuillière, Michael J / Löfgren, Pernilla / Gardner, Toby / Vasconcelos, André / Meyfroidt, Patrick

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2020  Volume 117, Issue 50, Page(s) 31770–31779

    Abstract: Though the international trade in agricultural commodities is worth more than $1.6 trillion/year, we still have a poor understanding of the supply chains connecting places of production and consumption and the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of ... ...

    Abstract Though the international trade in agricultural commodities is worth more than $1.6 trillion/year, we still have a poor understanding of the supply chains connecting places of production and consumption and the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of this trade. In this study, we provide a wall-to-wall subnational map of the origin and supply chain of Brazilian meat, offal, and live cattle exports from 2015 to 2017, a trade worth more than $5.4 billion/year. Brazil is the world's largest beef exporter, exporting approximately one-fifth of its production, and the sector has a notable environmental footprint, linked to one-fifth of all commodity-driven deforestation across the tropics. By combining official per-shipment trade records, slaughterhouse export licenses, subnational agricultural statistics, and data on the origin of cattle per slaughterhouse, we mapped the flow of cattle from more than 2,800 municipalities where cattle were raised to 152 exporting slaughterhouses where they were slaughtered, via the 204 exporting and 3,383 importing companies handling that trade, and finally to 152 importing countries. We find stark differences in the subnational origin of the sourcing of different actors and link this supply chain mapping to spatially explicit data on cattle-associated deforestation, to estimate the "deforestation risk" (in hectares/year) of each supply chain actor over time. Our results provide an unprecedented insight into the global trade of a deforestation-risk commodity and demonstrate the potential for improved supply chain transparency based on currently available data.
    MeSH term(s) Animal Husbandry/economics ; Animals ; Brazil ; Cattle ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Internationality ; Meat Products/economics ; Red Meat/economics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2003270117
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  8. Article: Understanding the Stickiness of Commodity Supply Chains Is Key to Improving Their Sustainability

    Reis, Tiago N.P. dos / Meyfroidt, Patrick / zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K.H.J / West, Chris / Gardner, Toby / Bager, Simon / Croft, Simon / Lathuillière, Michael J / Godar, Javier

    One earth. 2020 July 24, v. 3, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: Commodity trade is central to the global economy but is also associated with socio-environmental impacts, for example, deforestation, especially in producer countries. It is crucial to understand how geographic sourcing patterns of commodities and ... ...

    Abstract Commodity trade is central to the global economy but is also associated with socio-environmental impacts, for example, deforestation, especially in producer countries. It is crucial to understand how geographic sourcing patterns of commodities and commercial relationships between places and actors influence land-use dynamics, socio-economic development, and environmental degradation. Here, we propose a concept and methodological approach to analyze the geographic stickiness of commodity supply chains, which is the maintenance of supply network configurations over time and across perturbations. We showcase policy-relevant metrics for all Brazilian soy exports between 2003 and 2017, using high-resolution supply chain data from www.trase.earth. We find that the Brazilian soy traders with the largest market share exhibit stickier geographic sourcing patterns, and that the supply network configurations between production places and traders become increasingly sticky in subsequent years. Understanding trade stickiness is crucial for supply chain accountability, because it directly affects the effectiveness of zero-deforestation commitments.
    Keywords accountability ; deforestation ; land use ; market share ; socioeconomic development ; stickiness ; supply chain
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0724
    Size p. 100-115.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 2590-3322
    DOI 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.06.012
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Addressing indirect sourcing in zero deforestation commodity supply chains.

    Zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K H J / Bastos Lima, Mairon G / Bellfield, Helen / Dontenville, Adeline / Gardner, Toby / Godar, Javier / Heilmayr, Robert / Indenbaum, Rosa / Dos Reis, Tiago N P / Ribeiro, Vivian / Abu, Itohan-Osa / Szantoi, Zoltan / Meyfroidt, Patrick

    Science advances

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 17, Page(s) eabn3132

    Abstract: The trade in agricultural commodities is a backbone of the global economy but is a major cause of negative social and environmental impacts, not least deforestation. Commodity traders are key actors in efforts to eliminate deforestation-they are active ... ...

    Abstract The trade in agricultural commodities is a backbone of the global economy but is a major cause of negative social and environmental impacts, not least deforestation. Commodity traders are key actors in efforts to eliminate deforestation-they are active in the regions where commodities are produced and represent a "pinch point" in global trade that provides a powerful lever for change. However, the procurement strategies of traders remain opaque. Here, we catalog traders' sourcing across four sectors with high rates of commodity-driven deforestation: South American soy, cocoa from Côte d'Ivoire, Indonesian palm oil, and Brazilian live cattle exports. We show that traders often source more than 40% of commodities "indirectly" via local intermediaries and that indirect sourcing is a major blind spot for sustainable sourcing initiatives. To eliminate deforestation, indirect sourcing must be included in sectoral initiatives, and landscape or jurisdictional approaches, which internalize indirect sourcing, must be scaled up.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abn3132
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Landscape correlates of bushmeat consumption and hunting in a post-frontier Amazonian region

    CARIGNANO TORRES, PATRICIA / BARLOW, JOS / FERREIRA, JOICE / GARDNER, TOBY / MORSELLO, CARLA / PARDINI, RENATA / PARRY, LUKE

    Environmental conservation. 2018 Dec., v. 45, no. 4

    2018  

    Abstract: Identifying the drivers of bushmeat consumption and hunting is important for informing conservation strategies and recognizing challenges to human food security. However, studies often neglect the importance of landscape context, which can influence ... ...

    Abstract Identifying the drivers of bushmeat consumption and hunting is important for informing conservation strategies and recognizing challenges to human food security. However, studies often neglect the importance of landscape context, which can influence bushmeat supply and demand. Here, by quantifying bushmeat consumption and hunting in 262 households in a post-frontier region in Amazonia, we tested the hypotheses that bushmeat consumption and hunting are positively associated with two landscape characteristics: (1) forest cover, which has been shown to define game availability; and (2) remoteness, which is related to limited access to marketed meat. Bushmeat consumption was widespread but more likely in remote forested areas. Hunting was more likely in more forested areas, especially nearer to urban centres. Our findings suggest that bushmeat remains an important food source even in heavily altered forest regions and that landscape context is an important determinant of bushmeat consumption and hunting. Although people living in remote, forested areas are likely to be the most dependent on bushmeat, those living in more populous, peri-urban areas are likely the actors contributing most to total hunting effort, due to a higher probability of hunting combined with higher human population densities. This finding undermines the assumption that rural–urban migration in the tropics will deliver a much-needed reprieve for many overhunted species.
    Keywords bushmeat ; food security ; forests ; households ; human population ; humans ; landscapes ; natural resources conservation ; people ; population density ; probability ; rural urban migration ; sport hunting ; supply balance ; tropics ; Amazonia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-12
    Size p. 315-323.
    Publishing place Cambridge University Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1470226-5
    ISSN 1469-4387 ; 0376-8929
    ISSN (online) 1469-4387
    ISSN 0376-8929
    DOI 10.1017/S0376892917000510
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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