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  1. Article ; Online: Lip, oral and oropharyngeal cancer incidence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: First report from Australian population-based cancer registry, 1999-2018.

    Sethi, S / Ju, X / Logan, R / Hedges, J / Garvey, G / Jamieson, L

    Australian dental journal

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: The Australian Burden of Disease Study has shown that cancer is the single most important entity responsible for the greatest cause of health burden in Australia. Unfortunately, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience a ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Australian Burden of Disease Study has shown that cancer is the single most important entity responsible for the greatest cause of health burden in Australia. Unfortunately, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience a greater burden of this disease, with cancer of the lung, breast, bowel and prostrate being the most common. Lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer incidence is rapidly rising globally and is now the sixth most common cancer in Australia. This paper aims to summarize, for the first time, the incidence and prevalence trends of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.
    Methods: Data were obtained from the Australian Cancer Database (ACD), which is compiled at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) from 1999 to 2018 to estimate the incidence and prevalence of certain head and neck cancers (ICD-10 codes C00-C10, C14). The other variables requested were age groups and sex.
    Results: Results were stratified by ICD-10 code, sex and age group at diagnosis and time period (i.e. grouped years of diagnosis). The total incidence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers increased by 1.3 times from 1999 to 2008 (107/100 000) to 2009-2018 (135/100 000). The overall 5-year prevalence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers was 0.17% (0.24% for men and 0.09% for women).
    Conclusions: The significantly increased incidence of lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia is concerning and should be explored. A targeted, comprehensive and culturally safe model of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers is imperative.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603965-0
    ISSN 1834-7819 ; 0045-0421
    ISSN (online) 1834-7819
    ISSN 0045-0421
    DOI 10.1111/adj.13013
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  2. Article ; Online: Sovereignty at the heart of aging well for Australia's First Nations.

    Radford, Kylie / Garvey, Gail

    Nature aging

    2023  Volume 1, Issue 7, Page(s) 569–570

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Australia ; Healthy Aging ; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ; Personal Autonomy ; Human Rights
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2662-8465
    ISSN (online) 2662-8465
    DOI 10.1038/s43587-021-00084-w
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  3. Article ; Online: Cancer survival differentials for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Queensland: the impact of remoteness.

    Cramb, S M / Whop, L J / Garvey, G / Baade, P D

    Cancer causes & control : CCC

    2022  Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–22

    Abstract: Purpose: In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (First Nations population) often have low overall cancer survival, as do all residents of geographically remote areas. This study aimed to quantify the survival disparity between First ...

    Abstract Purpose: In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (First Nations population) often have low overall cancer survival, as do all residents of geographically remote areas. This study aimed to quantify the survival disparity between First Nations and other Queenslanders for 12 common cancer types by remoteness areas.
    Methods: For all Queensland residents aged 20-89 years diagnosed with a primary invasive cancer during 1997-2016, we ran flexible parametric survival models incorporating age, First Nations status, sex, diagnosis time period, area-level socioeconomic status, remoteness categories and where appropriate, broad cancer type. Three survival measures were predicted: cause-specific survival, survival differences and the comparative survival ratio, each standardised to First Nations peoples' covariate distributions.
    Results: The standardised five-year cause-specific cancer survival was 60% for urban First Nations and 65% for other Queenslanders, while remote residents were 54% (First Nations) and 58% (other). The absolute survival differential between First Nations and other Queenslanders was often similar, regardless of remoteness of residence. The greatest absolute difference in five-year standardised cancer survival was for head and neck cancers, followed by cervical cancer. The five-year comparative survival ratio (First Nations: other Queenslanders) for urban cancer patients was 0.91 (95% CI 0.90-0.93), similar to outer regional, inner regional and remote areas. The greatest comparative survival differential was for oesophageal cancer.
    Conclusion: First Nations' survival inequalities are largely independent of geographical remoteness. It remains a priority to determine the contribution of other potential factors such as the availability of culturally acceptable diagnostic, management and/or support services.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Australia/epidemiology ; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ; Health Services, Indigenous ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1064022-8
    ISSN 1573-7225 ; 0957-5243
    ISSN (online) 1573-7225
    ISSN 0957-5243
    DOI 10.1007/s10552-022-01643-1
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  4. Article: Gynaecological cancer resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women: A resource audit.

    Kinghorn, Mina / Garvey, Gail / Butler, Tamara L

    Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals

    2023  

    Abstract: Issue addressed: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women experience considerable disparities in gynaecological cancer outcomes. Accessible and culturally appropriate health promotion resources about gynaecological cancers may support health literacy ...

    Abstract Issue addressed: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women experience considerable disparities in gynaecological cancer outcomes. Accessible and culturally appropriate health promotion resources about gynaecological cancers may support health literacy in this area. This study aimed to determine the understandability, actionability, readability, and cultural relevance of gynaecological cancer health literacy resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander consumers, families, and caregivers.
    Methods: We conducted a general Google search and targeted searches of Australian gynaecological cancer organisation websites in January and February 2022. Resources were assessed for understandability, actionability and cultural relevance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander audiences.
    Results: We found 16 resources. The resources were generally understandable, actionable, readable, and culturally relevant, however, most resources were focused on cervical cancer prevention through vaccination and screening. Few resources focused other gynaecological cancer types or aspects of the cancer care continuum. While many resources contained elements that made them culturally relevant, areas for improvement were identified. These included: greater transparency relating to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership, governance, and involvement in the development of the resources as well as availability of different resource formats with an emphasis on visual aids.
    Conclusions: This study highlighted a need for the development of resources relating to a wider range of gynaecological cancer types and different stages of the cancer care continuum for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. SO WHAT?: The development of a broader range of culturally appropriate gynaecological cancer health literacy resources, ideally developed through co-design with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, may contribute to addressing the disparities in gynaecological cancer outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-26
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2250864-8
    ISSN 2201-1617 ; 1036-1073
    ISSN (online) 2201-1617
    ISSN 1036-1073
    DOI 10.1002/hpja.822
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  5. Article ; Online: "A Huge Gap": Health Care Provider Perspectives on Cancer Screening for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in the Northern Territory.

    Taylor, Emma V / Dugdale, Sarah / Connors, Christine M / Garvey, Gail / Thompson, Sandra C

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2024  Volume 21, Issue 2

    Abstract: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the Northern Territory (NT). Accessible and culturally appropriate cancer screening programs are a vital component in reducing the burden of cancer. Primary ... ...

    Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes of death for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the Northern Territory (NT). Accessible and culturally appropriate cancer screening programs are a vital component in reducing the burden of cancer. Primary health care plays a pivotal role in facilitating the uptake of cancer screening in the NT, due to the significant challenges caused by large distances, limited resources, and cultural differences. This paper analyses health care provider perspectives and approaches to the provision of cancer screening to Aboriginal people in the NT that were collected as part of a larger study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 staff from 15 health services, including 8 regional, remote, and very remote primary health care (PHC) clinics, 3 hospitals, a cancer centre, and 3 cancer support services. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Cancer screening by remote and very remote PHC clinics in the NT is variable, with some staff seeing cancer screening as a "huge gap", while others see it as lower priority compared to other conditions due to a lack of resourcing and the overwhelming burden of acute and chronic disease. Conversely, some clinics see screening as an area where they are performing well, with systematic screening, targeted programs, and high screening rates. There was a large variation in perceptions of the breast screening and cervical screening programs. However, participants universally reported that the bowel screening kit was complicated and not culturally appropriate for their Aboriginal patients, which led to low uptake. System-level improvements are required, including increased funding and resourcing for screening programs, and for PHC clinics in the NT. Being appropriately resourced would assist PHC clinics to incorporate a greater emphasis on cancer screening into adult health checks and would support PHCs to work with local communities to co-design targeted cancer screening programs and culturally relevant education activities. Addressing these issues are vital for NT PHC clinics to address the existing cancer screening gaps and achieving the Australian Government pledge to be the first nation in the world to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2035. The implementation of the National Lung Cancer Screening Program in 2025 also presents an opportunity to deliver greater benefits to Aboriginal communities and reduce the cancer burden.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ; Northern Territory ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Health Services, Indigenous ; Lung Neoplasms ; Health Personnel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph21020141
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  6. Article ; Online: Quantifying the number of deaths among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer patients that could be avoided by removing survival inequalities, Australia 2005-2016.

    Dasgupta, Paramita / Garvey, Gail / Baade, Peter D

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0273244

    Abstract: Background: While Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have poorer cancer survival than other Australians, absolute measures of survival disparities are lacking. This study quantified crude probabilities of deaths from cancer and other causes ... ...

    Abstract Background: While Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have poorer cancer survival than other Australians, absolute measures of survival disparities are lacking. This study quantified crude probabilities of deaths from cancer and other causes and estimated the number of avoidable deaths for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders if these survival disparities were removed.
    Methods: Flexible parametric relative survival models were used to estimate reported measures for a population-based cohort of 709,239 Australians (12,830 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples), 2005-2016.
    Results: Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the 5-year crude probability of cancer death was 0.44, while it was 0.07 for other causes of death. These probabilities were 0.07 and 0.03 higher than among other Australians, respectively. Magnitude of these disparities varied by cancer type and ranged for cancer deaths from <0.05 for pancreatic, prostate and uterine cancers to 0.20 for cervical and head and neck cancers. Values for disparity in other causes of death were generally lower. Among an average cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples diagnosed per year over the most recent five-year diagnosis period (2012-2016, n = 1,269), approximately 133 deaths within 5 years of diagnosis were potentially avoidable if they had the same overall survival as other Australians, with 94 of these deaths due to cancer. The total number of avoided deaths over the entire study period (2005-2016) was 1,348, with 947 of these deaths due to cancer.
    Conclusions: Study findings suggest the need to reduce the prevalence of risk factors prevalence, increase screening participation, and improve early detection, diagnosis and treatment rates to achieve more equitable outcomes for a range of cancer types. Reported measures provide unique insights into the impact of a cancer diagnosis among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples from a different perspective to standard relative survival measures.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Humans ; Indigenous Peoples ; Male ; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ; Neoplasms ; Racial Groups
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0273244
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  7. Article ; Online: Development of the What Matters 2 Adults (WM2A) wellbeing measure for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults.

    Howard, K / Garvey, G / Anderson, K / Dickson, M / Viney, R / Ratcliffe, J / Howell, M / Gall, A / Cunningham, J / Whop, L J / Cass, A / Jaure, A / Mulhern, B

    Social science & medicine (1982)

    2024  Volume 347, Page(s) 116694

    Abstract: Purpose: As wellbeing is culturally bound, wellbeing measures for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples must be culturally relevant and grounded in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander values and preferences. We describe the development of a ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: As wellbeing is culturally bound, wellbeing measures for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples must be culturally relevant and grounded in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander values and preferences. We describe the development of a nationally-relevant and culturally grounded wellbeing measure for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: the What Matters to Adults (WM2A) measure.
    Methods: We used a mixed methods approach to measure development, combining Indigenist methodologies and psychometric methods. Candidate items were derived through a large national qualitative study. Think-aloud interviews (n = 17) were conducted to assess comprehension, acceptability, and wording of candidate items. Two national surveys collected data on the item pool (n = 312, n = 354). Items were analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and item response theory (IRT) to test dimensionality, local dependence and item fit. A Collaborative Yarning approach ensured Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander voices were privileged throughout.
    Results: Fifty candidate items were developed, refined, and tested. Using EFA, an eight factor model was developed. All items met pre-specified thresholds for maximum endorsement frequencies, and floor and ceiling effects; no item redundancy was identified. Ten items did not meet thresholds for aggregate adjacent endorsement frequencies. During Collaborative Yarning, six items were removed based on low factor loadings (<0.4) and twelve due to conceptual overlap, high correlations with other items, endorsement frequencies, and/or low IRT item level information. Several items were retained for content validity. The final measure includes 32 items across 10 domains (Balance & control; Hope & resilience; Caring for others; Culture & Country; Spirit & identity; Feeling valued; Connection with others; Access; Racism & worries; Pride & strength).
    Conclusions: The unique combination of Indigenist and psychometric methodologies to develop WM2A ensures a culturally and psychometrically robust measure, relevant across a range of settings and applications.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ; Emotions ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Indigenous Peoples ; Psychometrics ; Health Services, Indigenous
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 4766-1
    ISSN 1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    ISSN (online) 1873-5347
    ISSN 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116694
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  8. Article ; Online: Cancer and Indigenous Populations: Time to End the Disparity.

    Segelov, Eva / Garvey, Gail

    JCO global oncology

    2020  Volume 6, Page(s) 80–82

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Indians, North American ; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ; Neoplasms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2687-8941
    ISSN (online) 2687-8941
    DOI 10.1200/JGO.19.00379
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  9. Article ; Online: Are there systematic barriers to participation in cancer treatment trials by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer patients in Australia?

    Cunningham, Joan / Garvey, Gail

    Australian and New Zealand journal of public health

    2020  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 39–45

    Abstract: Objective: To identify factors that may systematically reduce opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians to participate in cancer clinical trials.: Methods: Analysis of online documents from the Australia and New Zealand ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To identify factors that may systematically reduce opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians to participate in cancer clinical trials.
    Methods: Analysis of online documents from the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry for cancer treatment trials (Phase 3, 4 or Not Applicable) with at least one Australian site, registered in 2014-2018.
    Results: Among 365 eligible trials, most (89%) had sites only in major cities/inner regional areas, but 39% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians live outside these areas. Seven cancer types accounted for 58% of cancers among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, but only 46% of trials addressed these cancers. Most trials specified exclusions relating to comorbidities/health status. A substantial minority of trials (38%) explicitly referred to investigator opinion/judgment as a relevant determinant of patient eligibility.
    Conclusion: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients appear to have a reduced opportunity to participate in trials because of where they live, their type of cancer and their general health status, as well as for less transparent reasons relating to investigator judgment. Implications for public health: Greater transparency and greater scrutiny of barriers to trial participation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are needed to ensure equitable access.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Australia ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Health Equity ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/ethnology ; Neoplasms/psychology ; New Zealand ; Oceanic Ancestry Group/psychology ; Referral and Consultation
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-21
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1323548-5
    ISSN 1753-6405 ; 1326-0200
    ISSN (online) 1753-6405
    ISSN 1326-0200
    DOI 10.1111/1753-6405.13059
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  10. Article ; Online: An exploration of the sociodemographic and health conditions associated with self-rated wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults.

    Gall, A / Diaz, A / Garvey, G / Anderson, K / Lindsay, D / Howard, K

    BMC research notes

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 386

    Abstract: Objective: To identify sociodemographic factors and health conditions associated with self-rated wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. Participants were recruited via investigator networks and an online panel provider with an ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To identify sociodemographic factors and health conditions associated with self-rated wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. Participants were recruited via investigator networks and an online panel provider with an established nationwide panel of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. Those interested were invited to complete a survey that included an assessment of wellbeing using a visual analogue scale. Data was collected from October-November 2019 and August-September 2020. Exploratory analyses were conducted to ascertain factors associated with self-rated wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults.
    Results: Having more than enough money to last until next pay day, full-time employment, completion of grade 12, having a partner, and living with others were significantly associated with higher wellbeing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. A self-reported history of depression, anxiety, other mental health conditions, heart disease, or disability were associated with lower self-rated wellbeing scores. Our findings indicate a need for further investigation among these socioeconomic and patient groups to identify how to improve and support the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Continental Population Groups ; Humans ; Oceanic Ancestry Group ; Self Report ; Visual Analog Scale
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2413336-X
    ISSN 1756-0500 ; 1756-0500
    ISSN (online) 1756-0500
    ISSN 1756-0500
    DOI 10.1186/s13104-021-05794-3
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