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  1. AU="Gasparini, L"
  2. AU="Ulvila, J"
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  1. Artikel ; Online: A Method to Correct the Temporal Drift of Single-Photon Detectors Based on Asynchronous Quantum Ghost Imaging.

    Pitsch, Carsten / Walter, Dominik / Gasparini, Leonardo / Bürsing, Helge / Eichhorn, Marc

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Band 24, Heft 8

    Abstract: Single-photon detection and timing has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their necessity in the field of quantum sensing and the advantages of single-quanta detection in the field of low-level light imaging. While simple bucket ... ...

    Abstract Single-photon detection and timing has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their necessity in the field of quantum sensing and the advantages of single-quanta detection in the field of low-level light imaging. While simple bucket detectors are mature enough for commercial applications, more complex imaging detectors are still a field of research comprising mostly prototype-level detectors. A major problem in these detectors is the implementation of in-pixel timing circuitry, especially for two-dimensional imagers. One of the most promising approaches is the use of voltage-controlled ring resonators in every pixel. Each of these runs independently based on a voltage supplied by a global reference. However, this yields the problem that the supply voltage can change across the chip which, in turn, changes the period of the ring resonator. Due to additional parasitic effects, this problem can worsen with increasing measurement time, leading to drift in the timing information. We present here a method to identify and correct such temporal drifts in single-photon detectors based on asynchronous quantum ghost imaging. We also show the effect of this correction on recent quantum ghost imaging (QGI) measurement from our group.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-18
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s24082578
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: The role of children and work-from-home in gender labor market asymmetries: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America.

    Berniell, Inés / Gasparini, Leonardo / Marchionni, Mariana / Viollaz, Mariana

    Review of economics of the household

    2023  , Seite(n) 1–24

    Abstract: Asymmetry in childcare responsibilities is one of the main reasons behind gender gaps in the labor market. In that context, the ability to work from home may alleviate the hindrances of women with children to participate in the labor market. We study ... ...

    Abstract Asymmetry in childcare responsibilities is one of the main reasons behind gender gaps in the labor market. In that context, the ability to work from home may alleviate the hindrances of women with children to participate in the labor market. We study these issues in Latin America, a region with wide gender gaps, in the framework of a major shock that severely affected employment: the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we estimate models of job loss exploiting microdata from the World Bank's High-Frequency Phone Surveys conducted immediately after the onset of the pandemic. We find that the mitigating effect of working from home on the severity of job losses was especially relevant for women with children. The results are consistent with a plausible mechanism: due to the traditional distribution of childcare responsibilities within the household, women with children were more likely to stay home during school closures, and therefore the ability to work from home was crucial for them to keep their jobs.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-16
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2099806-5
    ISSN 1573-7152 ; 1569-5239
    ISSN (online) 1573-7152
    ISSN 1569-5239
    DOI 10.1007/s11150-023-09648-8
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Buch ; Online: Are Fairness Perceptions Shaped by Income Inequality? Evidence from Latin America

    Gasparini, Leonardo / Reyes, Germán

    2022  

    Abstract: A common assumption in the literature is that the level of income inequality shapes individuals' beliefs about whether the income distribution is fair (``fairness views,'' for short). However, individuals do not directly observe income inequality (which ... ...

    Abstract A common assumption in the literature is that the level of income inequality shapes individuals' beliefs about whether the income distribution is fair (``fairness views,'' for short). However, individuals do not directly observe income inequality (which often leads to large misperceptions), nor do they consider all inequities to be unfair. In this paper, we empirically assess the link between objective measures of income inequality and fairness views in a context of high but decreasing income inequality. We combine opinion poll data with harmonized data from household surveys of 18 Latin American countries from 1997--2015. We report three main findings. First, we find a strong and statistically significant relationship between income inequality and unfairness views across countries and over time. Unfairness views evolved in the same direction as income inequality for 17 out of the 18 countries in our sample. Second, individuals who are older, unemployed, and left-wing are, on average, more likely to perceive the income distribution as very unfair. Third, fairness views and income inequality have predictive power for individuals' self-reported propensity to mobilize and protest independent of each other, suggesting that these two variables capture different channels through which changes in the income distribution can affect social unrest.

    Comment: JEL Codes: D31, D63, D83. Keywords: Distributive Justice, Fairness, Income Inequality, Latin America, Perceptions
    Schlagwörter Economics - General Economics
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 338 ; 332
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-02-09
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: 3D quantum ghost imaging.

    Pitsch, Carsten / Walter, Dominik / Gasparini, Leonardo / Bürsing, Helge / Eichhorn, Marc

    Applied optics

    2023  Band 62, Heft 23, Seite(n) 6275–6281

    Abstract: We present current results of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, type of setup for quantum ghost imaging based on asynchronous single photon timing using single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors, first presented in [Appl. Opt.60, F66 (2021) ... ...

    Abstract We present current results of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, type of setup for quantum ghost imaging based on asynchronous single photon timing using single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors, first presented in [Appl. Opt.60, F66 (2021)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.423634]. The scheme enables photon pairing without fixed delays and, thus, overcomes some limitations of the widely used heralded setups for quantum ghost imaging [Nat. Commun.6, 5913 (2015)NCAOBW2041-172310.1038/ncomms6913]. It especially allows three-dimensional (3D) imaging by direct time of flight methods, the first demonstration of which will be shown here. To our knowledge, it is also the first demonstration of 3D quantum ghost imaging at all.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-14
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.492208
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Ten easy steps to conducting transparent, reproducible meta-analyses for infant researchers.

    Gasparini, Loretta / Tsuji, Sho / Bergmann, Christina

    Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies

    2022  Band 27, Heft 4, Seite(n) 736–764

    Abstract: Meta-analyses provide researchers with an overview of the body of evidence in a topic, with quantified estimates of effect sizes and the role of moderators, and weighting studies according to their precision. We provide a guide for conducting a ... ...

    Abstract Meta-analyses provide researchers with an overview of the body of evidence in a topic, with quantified estimates of effect sizes and the role of moderators, and weighting studies according to their precision. We provide a guide for conducting a transparent and reproducible meta-analysis in the field of developmental psychology within the framework of the MetaLab platform, in 10 steps: (1) Choose a topic for your meta-analysis, (2) Formulate your research question and specify inclusion criteria, (3) Preregister and document all stages of your meta-analysis, (4) Conduct the literature search, (5) Collect and screen records, (6) Extract data from eligible studies, (7) Read the data into analysis software and compute effect sizes, (8) Visualize your data, (9) Create meta-analytic models to assess the strength of the effect and investigate possible moderators, (10) Write up and promote your meta-analysis. Meta-analyses can inform future studies, through power calculations, by identifying robust methods and exposing research gaps. By adding a new meta-analysis to MetaLab, datasets across multiple topics of developmental psychology can be synthesized, and the dataset can be maintained as a living, community-augmented meta-analysis to which researchers add new data, allowing for a cumulative approach to evidence synthesis.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Software
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-04-28
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020049-3
    ISSN 1532-7078 ; 1525-0008
    ISSN (online) 1532-7078
    ISSN 1525-0008
    DOI 10.1111/infa.12470
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Exploring gender differences in labor markets from the perspective of the task based approach ; Explorando diferencias de género en los mercados laborales desde la perspectiva del enfoque basado en tareas

    Brambilla, Irene / César, Andrés / Falcone, Guillermo / Gasparini, Leonardo

    2023  

    Abstract: Using households survey microdata from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, we characterize changes in employment and wages between the mid-2000s and the late-2010s emphasizing the gender dimension from the viewpoint of the task-based ... ...

    Abstract Using households survey microdata from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, we characterize changes in employment and wages between the mid-2000s and the late-2010s emphasizing the gender dimension from the viewpoint of the task-based approach. We employ surveys from PIAAC-OECD to study the task content of jobs and create an index of routine task content (RTC) of occupations. We document five facts: (i) The proportion of routine tasks is currently higher for women than for men. (ii) The employment structure is considerably more biased towards high-RTC jobs in Latin America than in OECD countries, for both genders. (iii) There was an increase in the employment participation of low-RTC jobs during the period under study, mainly driven by movements in the occupational structure of women, especially the young and middle-aged. (iv) Wage gains were relatively higher in high-RTC occupations, with this pattern more pronounced for men than for women. (v) While there was a modest reduction in the gender wage gap, the decline was stronger in computer-intensive occupations.
    Schlagwörter ddc:330 ; J16 ; J21 ; J31 ; J62 ; Wages ; Employment structure ; Occupations ; Tasks ; RTC index ; Gender ; Latin America
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 331
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Economía
    Erscheinungsland de
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Buch ; Artikel ; Online: Automation trends and labor markets in Latin America

    Brambilla, Irene / César, Andrés / Falcone, Guillermo / Gasparini, Leonardo

    2023  

    Abstract: This paper studies the effects of automation of production on labor market outcomes, and whether there is an effect of automation on functional and personal inequality in Latin America. The paper combines several data sources and empirical strategies in ... ...

    Abstract This paper studies the effects of automation of production on labor market outcomes, and whether there is an effect of automation on functional and personal inequality in Latin America. The paper combines several data sources and empirical strategies in order to approach the issues from different perspectives and to cover different dimensions of labor markets. The main issues that we focus on are: i) the hypothesis that industries with a higher share of workers performing routine tasks are more likely to be affected by automation, using indexes of task routinization by occupation; and ii) the effects of automation on industry and local labor share, employment, wages, personal inequality and poverty. We focus on seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru, during the period 1992-2015.
    Schlagwörter ddc:330 ; J21 ; J24 ; O33 ; automation ; labor share ; labor markets ; functional inequality ; personal inequality,Latin America
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 338
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
    Erscheinungsland de
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Investigation of random telegraph signal in two junction layouts of proton irradiated CMOS SPADs.

    Capua, F Di / Campajola, M / Fiore, D / Gasparini, L / Sarnelli, E / Aloisio, A

    Scientific reports

    2021  Band 11, Heft 1, Seite(n) 8580

    Abstract: This paper focuses on the understanding of the Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) in Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD). We studied the RTS of two different SPAD layouts, designed and implemented in a 150-nm CMOS process, after proton irradiation. The two ... ...

    Abstract This paper focuses on the understanding of the Random Telegraph Signal (RTS) in Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD). We studied the RTS of two different SPAD layouts, designed and implemented in a 150-nm CMOS process, after proton irradiation. The two structures are characterized by different junction types: the first structure is constituted by a P+/Nwell junction, while the second is formed by a Pwell/Niso junction. RTS occurrence has been measured in about one thousand SPAD pixels and the differences addressed in two layouts are motivated and discussed. Hypotheses on the RTS origin are drawn by analyzing the RTS time constants and the RTS occurrence evolution as a function of the annealing temperature.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-04-21
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-87962-w
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Buch ; Online: Histogram-less LiDAR through SPAD response linearization

    Tontini, Alessandro / Mazzucchi, Sonia / Passerone, Roberto / Broseghini, Nicolò / Gasparini, Leonardo

    2023  

    Abstract: We present a new method to acquire the 3D information from a SPAD-based direct-Time-of-Flight (d-ToF) imaging system which does not require the construction of a histogram of timestamps and can withstand high flux operation regime. The proposed ... ...

    Abstract We present a new method to acquire the 3D information from a SPAD-based direct-Time-of-Flight (d-ToF) imaging system which does not require the construction of a histogram of timestamps and can withstand high flux operation regime. The proposed acquisition scheme emulates the behavior of a SPAD detector with no distortion due to dead time, and extracts the Tof information by a simple average operation on the photon timestamps ensuring ease of integration in a dedicated sensor and scalability to large arrays. The method is validated through a comprehensive mathematical analysis, whose predictions are in agreement with a numerical Monte Carlo model of the problem. Finally, we show the validity of the predictions in a real d-ToF measurement setup under challenging background conditions well beyond the typical pile-up limit of 5% detection rate up to a distance of 3.8 m.
    Schlagwörter Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-10-13
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Automation and the jobs of young workers

    Falcone, Guillermo / Brambilla, Irene / César, Andrés / Gasparini, Leonardo

    2022  

    Abstract: New automation technologies affect workers in a heterogeneous manner according to their demographic characteristics, skills, and the tasks they perform. In this paper we study the effects of automation on labor market outcomes in a developing country, ... ...

    Abstract New automation technologies affect workers in a heterogeneous manner according to their demographic characteristics, skills, and the tasks they perform. In this paper we study the effects of automation on labor market outcomes in a developing country, Chile. We focus our analysis on the heterogeneous impacts of automation across cohorts. Does automation affect young workers differently than older workers? Do young workers tend to perform routine tasks? Are young workers in routine occupations more exposed to negative effects of technology? Our empirical strategy is based on exploiting differences in the routinization of tasks across districts and occupations and a change in the trend of automation technology adoption in Chile. We find that young workers are more easily displaced by automation than older workers of similar characteristics. At the same time, cohorts of young workers are more skilled and more mobile than older workers, which implies that they have good prospects of working in complement with automation technology in the near future. The young and unskilled are the most vulnerable group of workers.
    Schlagwörter ddc:330 ; technology adoption ; automation ; labor markets ; young workers ; age groups ; unemployment ; wages ; occupations ; tasks ; routinization
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 331
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica (CIDE)
    Erscheinungsland de
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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