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Modena, Maria Grazia / Lodi, Elisa / Rodighiero, Eleonora / Gasparini, Paolo Alberto

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)

2023 Volume 45, Issue 4, Page(s) 964–969

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on psychological health and socioeconomic structures. The consequences of COVID-19 on the physical, psychological, and social spheres have been extensively studied, except for aspects concerning ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on psychological health and socioeconomic structures. The consequences of COVID-19 on the physical, psychological, and social spheres have been extensively studied, except for aspects concerning sexuality and sex workers, in terms of physical, social and economic impact, but also as a possible cause for viral transmission. Methods: With the intention of counteracting the lack of research, from September 2020 to August 2022, we distributed an anonymous questionnaire to Sex Workers' associations aimed at investigating the impact of the pandemics on sex workers. In the period examined we received and reviewed 147 questionnaires from women, men, and transsexuals. Conclusions: The prevention of the viral transmission during a pandemic is of utmost importance but should not be exclusively promoted at the expense of other important prevention initiatives. Safeguarding psycho-physical health of the general population, including effective health educational communications emphasizing the importance of sexual activity in mental and physical health should be part of ongoing health objectives. These approaches need to include sex workers of all genders-particularly racialized and marginalized sex workers-in public health planning and messaging alongside structural interventions. Full decriminalization of sex work and access to workplace protections are key to protecting both sex workers' and clients' health. Sex workers of all genders have often been among the first hit by epidemics and the last to be protected-it is long past time to change that.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Communicable Disease Control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Sex Workers/psychology ; Quarantine/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2142082-8
ISSN	1741-3850 ; 1741-3842
ISSN (online)	1741-3850
ISSN	1741-3842
DOI	10.1093/pubmed/fdad159
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Article ; Online: Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 9: A New Candidate Gene for Sweet Food Liking?

Graham, Catherine Anna-Marie / Spedicati, Beatrice / Pelliccione, Giulia / Gasparini, Paolo / Concas, Maria Pina

Foods. 2023 Apr. 22, v. 12, no. 9

2023

Abstract: Genetics plays an important role in individual differences in food liking, which influences food choices and health. Sweet food liking is a complex trait and has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and related comorbidities. This genome- ... ...

Abstract	Genetics plays an important role in individual differences in food liking, which influences food choices and health. Sweet food liking is a complex trait and has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and related comorbidities. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed to investigate the genetics of sweet food liking using two adult discovery cohorts (n = 1109, n = 373) and an independent replication cohort (n = 1073). In addition, we tested the association of our strongest result on parameters related to behaviour (food adventurousness (FA) and reward dependence (RD) and health status (BMI and blood glucose). The results demonstrate a novel strong association between the Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 9 (RGS9I) gene, strongest single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs58931966 (p-value 7.05 × 10⁻⁹ in the combined sample of discovery and replication), and sweet food liking, with the minor allele (A) being associated with a decreased sweet food liking. We also found that the A allele of the rs58931966 SNP was associated with decreased FA and RD, and increased BMI and blood glucose (p-values < 0.05). Differences were highlighted in sex-specific analysis on BMI and glucose. Our results highlight a novel genetic association with food liking and are indicative of genetic variation influencing the psychological–biological drivers of food preference. If confirmed in other studies, such genetic associations could allow a greater understanding of chronic disease management from both a habitual dietary intake and reward-related perspective.
Keywords	G-proteins ; alleles ; blood glucose ; body mass index ; chronic diseases ; disease control ; food choices ; food intake ; genetic variation ; genome-wide association study ; glucose ; health status ; single nucleotide polymorphism
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0422
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12091739
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 9: A New Candidate Gene for Sweet Food Liking?

Graham, Catherine Anna-Marie / Spedicati, Beatrice / Pelliccione, Giulia / Gasparini, Paolo / Concas, Maria Pina

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract	Genetics plays an important role in individual differences in food liking, which influences food choices and health. Sweet food liking is a complex trait and has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and related comorbidities. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed to investigate the genetics of sweet food liking using two adult discovery cohorts (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods12091739
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Article ; Online: Echocardiographic screening in pediatric asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 outpatients: is it a useful test or an excess of zeal?

Gasparini, Paolo Alberto / Lodi, Elisa / Rodighiero, Eleonora / Rosero Morales, Jonathan / Fantini, Giuseppe / Modena, Maria Grazia

Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)

2023 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 234–238

Abstract: Introduction: Data regarding echocardiographic findings during follow-up of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are scarce in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study is to assess post-COVID-19 sequelae through ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Data regarding echocardiographic findings during follow-up of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are scarce in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study is to assess post-COVID-19 sequelae through echocardiography in children who have experienced mild SARS-CoV-2. Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study enrolled a cohort of 133 pediatric outpatients, born between 2005 and 2022, with a history of asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, who underwent transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) evaluation at an outpatient pediatric clinic in Northern Italy. Results: The percentage of the pediatric activity of the clinic which was focused on post-COVID evaluation was not negligible, representing almost 10% of the ∼1500 pediatric patients examined from 1 January 2021 to 31 August 2022. According to ACEP classification, children enrolled in this study had previously experienced in 72.9% (97) asymptomatic COVID-19 and nearly 27% (36) a mild illness. Clinical and instrumental examinations did not show any relevant abnormality in the functional [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP)] or structural [interventricular septum diameter (IVSd), left ventricular internal diameter (LViD, end-diastolic volume (EDV), left atrium volume (LAV)] parameters examined related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the total of 133 children. Conclusion: According to our results, children who experienced an asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection should not be systematically investigated with second-level techniques, such as TTE, in the absence of clinical suspicion or other risk conditions such as congenital heart diseases, comorbidities or risk factors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Outpatients ; COVID-19 ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Echocardiography/methods ; Ventricular Function, Right ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2223461-5
ISSN	1558-2035 ; 1558-2027
ISSN (online)	1558-2035
ISSN	1558-2027
DOI	10.2459/JCM.0000000000001549
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Article: Sensory Capacities and Eating Behavior: Intriguing Results from a Large Cohort of Italian Individuals

Concas, Maria Pina / Morgan, Anna / Tesolin, Paola / Santin, Aurora / Girotto, Giorgia / Gasparini, Paolo

Foods. 2022 Mar. 02, v. 11, no. 5

2022

Abstract: Eating behavior (EB) is a complex system influenced by many factors, but an undisputed role is played by the senses. In this work, we examined the effect of the sensory capacities on EB in 1152 Italian adult individuals. After administering a ... ...

Abstract	Eating behavior (EB) is a complex system influenced by many factors, but an undisputed role is played by the senses. In this work, we examined the effect of the sensory capacities on EB in 1152 Italian adult individuals. After administering a questionnaire on EB and assessing sensory performance through standard audiometric, olfactory, and taste tests, the prevalence of reduced sensory capacities (RSCs) and the correlation with selected risk factors were calculated. Regression models, structural equation modelling, and conditional recursive partitioning were used to investigate the relationship between variables. Around 70% of the subjects show reduced capacities in at least one sense, with taste being the most prevalent (55.21%). Male sex, aging, and low educational level are risk factors for RSCs. The increased number of senses with reduced capacities is a predictor of diminished food adventurousness and lower liking for vegetables, fish, and alcoholic beverages, while reduced capacities (RCs) in taste is a predictor of lower liking for alcoholic beverages and sweets. Overall, in addition to providing an overall picture of RSCs in Italian samples, our study reveals the association of RSCs with EB variables. This finding could have a relevant role in influencing individuals’ dietary habits and, therefore, health status.
Keywords	adults ; educational status ; equations ; fish ; health status ; males ; questionnaires ; taste
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0302
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods11050735
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Eating disinhibition and food liking are influenced by variants in CAV1 (caveolin 1) gene

Concas, Maria Pina / Cocca, Massimiliano / Catamo, Eulalia / Gasparini, Paolo / Robino, Antonietta

Food quality and preference. 2022 Mar., v. 96

2022

Abstract: Eating behavior is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Although candidate gene studies have been conducted, much remains to be understood about genetic influences. Therefore, we conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study ( ... ...

Abstract	Eating behavior is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Although candidate gene studies have been conducted, much remains to be understood about genetic influences. Therefore, we conducted a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) aims to identify new variants that influence eating disinhibition. Moreover, we test the possible association of these variants with food liking and metabolic phenotypes.We measured disinhibition in two cohorts of Italian samples using three selected statements from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Personal and clinical data were collected, as well as liking for different foods and beverages. GWAS was carried out in 1124 individuals; then the best signals (p-value < 1×10⁻⁵) were studied for replication in 426 independents participants. To study the link of eating disinhibition and associated variants with food liking and metabolic traits, we used linear mixed models and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).A significant association with CAV1 (caveolin 1) gene (p < 5×10⁻⁸) was identified. The top SNP (rs6961694) resulted also associated with the liking for sweet foods and alcoholic beverages (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, we observed significant eQTL associations between this SNP and CAV1 expression levels in human tissues such as adipose subcutaneous tissue, pancreas and brain hippocampus (p-value = 0.00022, 0.00015 and 0.017, respectively). Although higher values of BMI, waist, hips and triglycerides were significantly associated with increasing eating disinhibition (p-value < 0.05), no association emerged between the rs6961694 SNP and anthropometric or lipids phenotypes.In conclusion, we describe a significant association between eating traits and CAV1 gene, providing new knowledge on the link existing between genetics, eating behaviour and health status.
Keywords	equations ; food quality ; genes ; genome-wide association study ; health status ; hippocampus ; humans ; pancreas ; waist
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1020221-3
ISSN	0950-3293
ISSN	0950-3293
DOI	10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104447
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A population-based approach for gene prioritization in understanding complex traits.

Mezzavilla, Massimo / Cocca, Massimiliano / Guidolin, Francesca / Gasparini, Paolo

Human genetics

2020 Volume 139, Issue 5, Page(s) 647–655

Abstract: Gene prioritization is the process of determining which variants and genes identified in genetic analyses are likely to cause a disease or a variation in a phenotype. For many genes, neither in vitro nor in vivo testing is available, thus assessing their ...

Abstract	Gene prioritization is the process of determining which variants and genes identified in genetic analyses are likely to cause a disease or a variation in a phenotype. For many genes, neither in vitro nor in vivo testing is available, thus assessing their pathogenic role could be challenging, leading to false-positive or false-negative results. In this paper, we propose an innovative score of gene prioritization based on the population of interest. We introduce the concept of singleton-cohort variants (SC variant), a variant that has allele count equal to one in the cohort under study. The difference between the normalized count of SC variants in the coding region and the normalized count of SC variants in the non-coding region should give a hint regarding the level of constraints for that gene in a specific population. This scoring system is negative when there are constraints that allow the presence of SC variants only in the non-coding region; on the contrary, it is positive when there are no constraints. A complimentary score is the sum of SC variants normalized count in both coding and non-coding regions, which could be used as a proxy of positive or strong purifying selection in a specific population. Our methodology showed a high level of constraining for genes such as USP34 in all subpopulations tested (1000 G dataset). In contrast, some genes showed a high negative score only in specific populations, e.g., MYT1L in Europeans, UBR5 in East Asians, and FBXO11 in Africans.
MeSH term(s)	Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics ; Phenotype ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Genetic Markers
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	223009-4
ISSN	1432-1203 ; 0340-6717
ISSN (online)	1432-1203
ISSN	0340-6717
DOI	10.1007/s00439-020-02152-4
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Article: Sensory Capacities and Eating Behavior: Intriguing Results from a Large Cohort of Italian Individuals.

Concas, Maria Pina / Morgan, Anna / Tesolin, Paola / Santin, Aurora / Girotto, Giorgia / Gasparini, Paolo

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 5

Abstract	Eating behavior (EB) is a complex system influenced by many factors, but an undisputed role is played by the senses. In this work, we examined the effect of the sensory capacities on EB in 1152 Italian adult individuals. After administering a questionnaire on EB and assessing sensory performance through standard audiometric, olfactory, and taste tests, the prevalence of reduced sensory capacities (RSCs) and the correlation with selected risk factors were calculated. Regression models, structural equation modelling, and conditional recursive partitioning were used to investigate the relationship between variables. Around 70% of the subjects show reduced capacities in at least one sense, with taste being the most prevalent (55.21%). Male sex, aging, and low educational level are risk factors for RSCs. The increased number of senses with reduced capacities is a predictor of diminished food adventurousness and lower liking for vegetables, fish, and alcoholic beverages, while reduced capacities (RCs) in taste is a predictor of lower liking for alcoholic beverages and sweets. Overall, in addition to providing an overall picture of RSCs in Italian samples, our study reveals the association of RSCs with EB variables. This finding could have a relevant role in influencing individuals' dietary habits and, therefore, health status.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704223-6
ISSN	2304-8158
ISSN	2304-8158
DOI	10.3390/foods11050735
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Article: Genetics, odor perception and food liking: The intriguing role of cinnamon

Concas, Maria Pina / Morgan, Anna / Pelliccione, Giulia / Gasparini, Paolo / Girotto, Giorgia

Food quality and preference. 2021 Oct., v. 93

2021

Abstract: Humans use a repertoire of > 400 olfactory receptors (ORs) to perceive odorants. The sense of smell is a complex trait whereby genetics and environmental factors interplay. To date, still little is known regarding the genetics of smell, even though the ... ...

Abstract	Humans use a repertoire of > 400 olfactory receptors (ORs) to perceive odorants. The sense of smell is a complex trait whereby genetics and environmental factors interplay. To date, still little is known regarding the genetics of smell, even though the high genetic variability of ORs genes has already been demonstrated. Recently a significant association between cinnamon odorant recognition and the rs317787 polymorphism, located in a cluster of OR genes, has been described. Based on this data, here, we replicated the effect of the same variant (rs317787) on cinnamon odorant identification as well as looked at any possible association with liking for wine whose bouquet frequently smells of cinnamon. Our analysis in a cohort of individuals from two Italian genetic isolates confirmed that rs317787-T allele is associated with an improved cinnamon detection (p-value 5.18 × 10⁻⁰⁶, n = 971) but also with a greater liking for red wine (p-value 0.017, n = 2374). Present results further confirm the association of rs31778 SNP and cinnamon odorants detection and provide additional details about the role of the ORs genes in food liking. Overall, our work contributes to better deciphering the genetic basis of smell and food liking aimed at a more in-depth elucidation of the role of the ORs genes.
Keywords	alleles ; cinnamon ; food quality ; genetic variation ; odor compounds ; odors ; red wines ; smell
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1020221-3
ISSN	0950-3293
ISSN	0950-3293
DOI	10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104277
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Differences in taste and smell perception between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls

Catamo, Eulalia / Tornese, Gianluca / Concas, Maria P / Gasparini, Paolo / Robino, Antonietta

The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. 2021 Jan. 04, v. 31, no. 1

2021

Abstract: The senses of taste and smell are essential determinants of food choice, which in turn may contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including diabetes. Although past studies have evaluated the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) ...

Abstract	The senses of taste and smell are essential determinants of food choice, which in turn may contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including diabetes. Although past studies have evaluated the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and senses disorders, this relationship remains controversial.In this study, we evaluated taste and smell perception in DM2 patients and healthy controls (HC). Moreover, we analyzed the association of chemosensory impairments with anthropometric and clinical outcomes (e.g. Body Mass Index (BMI), Fasting blood glucose (FBG), drugs, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and hypertension) in DM2 patients.The study included 94 DM2 patients and 244 HC. Taste recognition for 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), quinine, citric acid, sucrose, and sodium chloride (NaCl) compounds was assessed using a filter paper method, while smell recognition of 12 odorants was performed using a Sniffin’ sticks test.We found that a higher percentage of DM2 patients showed identification impairment in salt taste (22% vs. 5%, p-value<0.0009) and smell recognition (55% vs. 27%, p-value = 0.03) compared to HC. We also observed that 65% of hypertensive DM2 subjects presented smell identification impairment compared to 18% of non-hypertensive patients (p-value = 0.019). Finally, patients with impairments in both taste and smell showed elevated FBG compared to patients without impairment (149.6 vs.124.3 mg/dL, p-value = 0.04).The prevalence of taste and smell identification impairments was higher in DM2 patients compared to HC, and a possible relationship with glycemic levels emerged.
Keywords	blood glucose ; body mass index ; chronic diseases ; citric acid ; diabetes ; food choices ; hypertension ; metabolism ; odor compounds ; paper ; patients ; prevalence ; propylthiouracil ; quinine ; smell ; sodium chloride ; sucrose ; taste
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0104
Size	p. 193-200.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	1067704-5
ISSN	0939-4753
ISSN	0939-4753
DOI	10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.025
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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