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  1. Article ; Online: Efficient transmission of viral gastroenteritis in Dutch households.

    Gastañaduy, Paul A / Parashar, Umesh D

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 20, Issue 5, Page(s) 519–520

    MeSH term(s) Cohort Studies ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Netherlands ; Norovirus ; Prospective Studies ; Rotavirus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30054-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Deaths Associated with Pediatric Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology, United States, October 2021-June 2023.

    Almendares, Olivia / Baker, Julia M / Sugerman, David E / Parashar, Umesh D / Reagan-Steiner, Sarah / Kirking, Hannah L / Gastañaduy, Paul A / Tate, Jacqueline E

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 4

    Abstract: During October 2021-June 2023, a total of 392 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children in the United States were reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of national surveillance. We describe demographic and clinical ...

    Abstract During October 2021-June 2023, a total of 392 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children in the United States were reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of national surveillance. We describe demographic and clinical characteristics, including potential involvement of adenovirus in development of acute hepatitis, of 8 fatally ill children who met reporting criteria. The children had diverse courses of illness. Two children were immunocompromised when initially brought for care. Four children tested positive for adenovirus in multiple specimen types, including 2 for whom typing was completed. One adenovirus-positive child had no known underlying conditions, supporting a potential relationship between adenovirus and acute hepatitis in previously healthy children. Our findings emphasize the importance of continued investigation to determine the mechanism of liver injury and appropriate treatment. Testing for adenovirus in similar cases could elucidate the role of the virus.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A/epidemiology ; Viruses ; Acute Disease
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid3004.231140
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: A Review of Measles Outbreak Cost Estimates From the United States in the Postelimination Era (2004-2017): Estimates by Perspective and Cost Type.

    Pike, Jamison / Leidner, Andrew J / Gastañaduy, Paul A

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2020  Volume 71, Issue 6, Page(s) 1568–1576

    Abstract: Despite the elimination of measles in the United States (US) in the year 2000, cases continue to occur, with measles outbreaks having occurred in various jurisdictions in the US in 2018 and 2019. Understanding the cost associated with measles outbreaks ... ...

    Abstract Despite the elimination of measles in the United States (US) in the year 2000, cases continue to occur, with measles outbreaks having occurred in various jurisdictions in the US in 2018 and 2019. Understanding the cost associated with measles outbreaks can inform cost-of-illness and cost-effectiveness studies of measles and measles prevention. We performed a literature review and identified 10 published studies from 2001 through 2018 that presented cost estimates from 11 measles outbreaks. The median total cost per measles outbreak was $152 308 (range, $9862-$1 063 936); the median cost per case was $32 805 (range, $7396-$76 154) and the median cost per contact was $223 (range, $81-$746). There were limited data on direct and indirect costs associated with measles. These findings highlight how costly measles outbreaks can be, the value of this information for public health department budgeting, and the importance of more broadly documenting the cost of measles outbreaks.
    MeSH term(s) Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; Public Health ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Measles Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciaa070
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Review of Mathematical Models of Vaccination for Preventing Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

    Lanzieri, Tatiana M / Gastañaduy, Paul A / Gambhir, Manoj / Plotkin, Stanley A

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 221, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S86–S93

    Abstract: Background: Several cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine candidates are under development. To reduce the burden of congenital CMV infection, potential strategies under consideration include vaccination of adult women, adolescent girls, and/or young children ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Several cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine candidates are under development. To reduce the burden of congenital CMV infection, potential strategies under consideration include vaccination of adult women, adolescent girls, and/or young children (both sexes).
    Methods: We reviewed 5 studies that used infectious disease modeling to assess the potential impact of vaccination for preventing congenital CMV infection. All models assumed CMV vaccination would prevent primary infection and 2 models also assumed prevention of reinfections and reactivations.
    Results: Despite differences in structure, assumptions, and population data, infant vaccination (both sexes) was the optimal strategy in all models, but in 1 model vaccinating seronegative women at 19-21 years of age was also optimal (for duration of vaccine protection ≥8 years). In 3 models, infant vaccination increased average age at primary infection as a result of decreased secondary transmission (herd immunity) combined with waning vaccine-induced immunity. This effect could increase the risk of congenital CMV infections in populations where primary CMV infection occurs early in childhood but could be minimized by administering a second dose of vaccine during adolescence.
    Conclusions: Understanding vaccine efficacy and duration of immunity, and how these might vary depending on CMV serostatus and age at vaccination, will be key to defining CMV vaccination strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Cytomegalovirus/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control ; Cytomegalovirus Vaccines/immunology ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Surveillance ; Pregnancy ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiz402
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Impact of Isolation and Exclusion as a Public Health Strategy to Contain Measles Virus Transmission During a Measles Outbreak.

    Banerjee, Emily / Paul, Prabasaj / Griffith, Jayne / Laine, Ellen / Como-Sabetti, Kathryn / Gastañaduy, Paul A

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2021  Volume 75, Issue 1, Page(s) 152–154

    Abstract: Responding to measles outbreaks in the United States puts a considerable strain on public health resources, and limited research exists about the effectiveness of containment strategies. In this paper we quantify the impact of isolation, contact tracing, ...

    Abstract Responding to measles outbreaks in the United States puts a considerable strain on public health resources, and limited research exists about the effectiveness of containment strategies. In this paper we quantify the impact of isolation, contact tracing, and exclusion in reducing transmission during a measles outbreak in an under-vaccinated community.
    MeSH term(s) Contact Tracing ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Humans ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; Measles virus ; Public Health ; United States/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Measles Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciab939
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Measles in the 21st Century: Progress Toward Achieving and Sustaining Elimination.

    Gastañaduy, Paul A / Goodson, James L / Panagiotakopoulos, Lakshmi / Rota, Paul A / Orenstein, Walt A / Patel, Manisha

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2021  Volume 224, Issue 12 Suppl 2, Page(s) S420–S428

    Abstract: The global measles vaccination program has been extraordinarily successful in reducing measles-related disease and deaths worldwide. Eradication of measles is feasible because of several key attributes, including humans as the only reservoir for the ... ...

    Abstract The global measles vaccination program has been extraordinarily successful in reducing measles-related disease and deaths worldwide. Eradication of measles is feasible because of several key attributes, including humans as the only reservoir for the virus, broad access to diagnostic tools that can rapidly detect measles-infectious persons, and availability of highly safe and effective measles-containing vaccines (MCVs). All 6 World Health Organization (WHO) regions have established measles elimination goals. Globally, during 2000-2018, measles incidence decreased by 66% (from 145 to 49 cases per million population) and deaths decreased by 73% (from 535 600 to 142 300), drastically reducing global disease burden. Routine immunization with MCV has been the cornerstone for the control and prevention of measles. Two doses of MCV are 97% effective in preventing measles, qualifying MCV as one of the most effective vaccines ever developed. Mild adverse events occur in <20% of recipients and serious adverse events are extremely rare. The economic benefits of measles vaccination are highlighted by an overall return on investment of 58 times the cost of the vaccine, supply chains, and vaccination. Because measles is one of the most contagious human diseases, maintenance of high (≥95%) 2-dose MCV coverage is crucial for controlling the spread of measles and successfully reaching measles elimination; however, the plateauing of global MCV coverage for nearly a decade and the global measles resurgence during 2018-2019 demonstrate that much work remains. Global commitments to increase community access to and demand for immunizations, strengthen national and regional partnerships for building public health infrastructure, and implement innovations that can overcome access barriers and enhance vaccine confidence, are essential to achieve a world free of measles.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Eradication/trends ; Global Health ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Infant ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Measles virus/immunology ; Measles virus/isolation & purification ; Population Surveillance ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances Measles Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiaa793
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Modeling strategies for the allocation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the United States

    Walker, Joseph / Paul, Prabasaj / Dooling, Kathleen / Oliver, Sara / Prasad, Pragati / Steele, Molly / Gastañaduy, Paul A. / Johansson, Michael A. / Biggerstaff, Matthew / Slayton, Rachel B.

    Vaccine. 2022 Mar. 25, v. 40, no. 14

    2022  

    Abstract: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended phased allocation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in December 2020. To support the development of this guidance, we used a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to evaluate the relative ... ...

    Abstract The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended phased allocation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in December 2020. To support the development of this guidance, we used a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to evaluate the relative impact of three vaccine allocation strategies on infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. All three strategies initially prioritized healthcare personnel (HCP) for vaccination. Strategies of subsequently prioritizing adults aged ≥65 years, or a combination of essential workers and adults aged ≥75 years, prevented the most deaths. Meanwhile, prioritizing adults with high-risk medical conditions immediately after HCP prevented the most infections. All three strategies prevented a similar fraction of hospitalizations. While no model is capable of fully capturing the complex social dynamics which shape epidemics, exercises such as this one can be a useful way for policy makers to formalize their assumptions and explore the key features of a problem before making decisions.
    Keywords Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; health care workers ; issues and policy ; mathematical models ; vaccination ; vaccines
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0325
    Size p. 2134-2139.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.015
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: How adequate is measles surveillance in the United States? Investigations of measles-like illness, 2010-2017.

    McKay, Susannah L / Leung, Jessica / Gastañaduy, Paul A / Routh, Janell A / Harpaz, Rafael

    Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) 698–704

    Abstract: Given the availability of an effective and safe vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that global measles eradication is achievable, and measles elimination goals have since been established as interim steps toward eradication. As part of ...

    Abstract Given the availability of an effective and safe vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that global measles eradication is achievable, and measles elimination goals have since been established as interim steps toward eradication. As part of a strategy to maintain elimination, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and WHO stipulate a minimum annual reporting rate of discarded non-measles cases of ≥2 per 100,000 population, in order to ensure sensitive surveillance and adequate investigative effort. With its effective vaccination program, the United States in 2000 was among the first countries to verify elimination, although subsequently, it has not routinely reported discarded rates. We estimated MLI investigation rates among insured individuals during 2010-2017, using data from the MarketScan® databases. We defined "MLI investigations" as measles serologic testing within 5 days following diagnostic codes for measles-compatible symptoms and conditions. We provide a rationale for pre-specifying three subgroups for analysis: children aged ≤15 years; males aged 16-22 years excluding data from summer months; and males aged ≥23 years. MLI investigation rates ranged from 6.6─26.4 per 100,000, remaining stable over time except during the 2015 measles outbreaks when rates increased, particularly among young children. In addition to high vaccine uptake, measles elimination requires ongoing vigilance by clinicians and high-quality, case-based surveillance. Estimated rates of MLI investigations in this U.S. population suggesting that the quality of measles surveillance is sufficiently sensitive to detect endemic measles circulation if it were to be occurring.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Eradication ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; Population Surveillance ; United States/epidemiology ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances Measles Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2664176-8
    ISSN 2164-554X ; 2164-5515
    ISSN (online) 2164-554X
    ISSN 2164-5515
    DOI 10.1080/21645515.2020.1798712
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Probabilistic reconstruction of measles transmission clusters from routinely collected surveillance data.

    Robert, Alexis / Kucharski, Adam J / Gastañaduy, Paul A / Paul, Prabasaj / Funk, Sebastian

    Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 168, Page(s) 20200084

    Abstract: Pockets of susceptibility resulting from spatial or social heterogeneity in vaccine coverage can drive measles outbreaks, as cases imported into such pockets are likely to cause further transmission and lead to large transmission clusters. Characterizing ...

    Abstract Pockets of susceptibility resulting from spatial or social heterogeneity in vaccine coverage can drive measles outbreaks, as cases imported into such pockets are likely to cause further transmission and lead to large transmission clusters. Characterizing the dynamics of transmission is essential for identifying which individuals and regions might be most at risk. As data from detailed contact-tracing investigations are not available in many settings, we developed an R package called
    MeSH term(s) Contact Tracing ; Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Humans ; Measles/epidemiology ; Measles/prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine
    Chemical Substances Measles Vaccine
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2156283-0
    ISSN 1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
    ISSN (online) 1742-5662
    ISSN 1742-5689
    DOI 10.1098/rsif.2020.0084
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Norovirus Infections Among Diarrhea Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh.

    Satter, Syed M / Abdullah, Zarin / Fariha, Farzana / Karim, Yeasir / Rahman, Md Mahfuzur / Balachandran, Neha / Ghosh, Probir Kumar / Hossain, Mohammad Enayet / Mirza, Sara A / Hall, Aron J / Gastañaduy, Paul A / Rahman, Mustafizur / Vinjé, Jan / Parashar, Umesh D

    The Journal of infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 228, Issue 7, Page(s) 818–828

    Abstract: Background: Norovirus is a major cause of endemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. We described the epidemiology, risk factors, and genotypic distribution of noroviruses among hospitalized patients of all ages in Bangladesh.: Methods: From ... ...

    Abstract Background: Norovirus is a major cause of endemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. We described the epidemiology, risk factors, and genotypic distribution of noroviruses among hospitalized patients of all ages in Bangladesh.
    Methods: From March 2018 to October 2021, 1250 AGE case patients and controls (age, sex, season, and site matched) were enrolled at 10 hospitals. Demographic and clinical information was collected; real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) used to test stool specimens, and positive samples were genotyped.
    Results: Norovirus was detected in 9% of cases (111 of 1250) and 15% (182 of 1250) of controls. Eighty-two percent of norovirus-positive cases were in children <5 years old. Norovirus-positive AGE hospitalizations occurred year-round, with peaks in April and October. Risk factors for norovirus included age <5 years (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.9-5.2]) and exposure to a patient with AGE in the 10 days before enrollment (3.8 [1.9-7.2]). GII.3[P16] and GII.4 Sydney[P16] were the predominant genotypes.
    Conclusions: We highlight the burden of norovirus in hospital settings. Young age and recent exposure to a patient with AGE were risk factors for norovirus. A high prevalence of norovirus among controls might represent asymptomatic reinfections or prolonged shedding from a previous infection; carefully designed longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of norovirus infections in Bangladesh.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Infant, Newborn ; Bangladesh/epidemiology ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Feces ; Diarrhea/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Norovirus/genetics ; Genotype ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3019-3
    ISSN 1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
    ISSN (online) 1537-6613
    ISSN 0022-1899
    DOI 10.1093/infdis/jiad274
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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