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Article ; Online: Management of acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study.

Frankcombe, D / Gauri, N / Satchithanandha, V / Liang, Y / Bak, S / Suri, T / Loxley, D / Merrett, N / Kaushal, D

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 393

Abstract: Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly impacted delivery of health care. South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD) experienced some of the highest cases, admissions and deaths during the Delta and Omicron waves ...

Abstract	Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly impacted delivery of health care. South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD) experienced some of the highest cases, admissions and deaths during the Delta and Omicron waves in New South Wales. This study aims to determine the impact of the pandemic on emergency surgery services for adults presenting with acute appendicitis. Methods: A retrospective review of patient records was performed of adults presenting with acute appendicitis between 1st March 2021 and 31st March 2022, which was compared to a pre-COVID control period of the same dates in 2019-2020. Patients managed operatively or conservatively were included. Results: 1556 patients were included in the operative arm; 723 and 833 respectively in the study and control groups, which were comparable at baseline. 1.66% were COVID positive. During the pandemic, patients were significantly more likely to be investigated with computered tomography (CT) scan (p ≤ 0.001), present with complicated appendicitis (p = 0.03), and require caecectomy (p = 0.005). They had higher American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) scores (p = 0.001) and significantly lower negative appendectomy rates (p = 0.001). Fifty-two patients were included in the conservative arm; 29 and 23 respectively in the pandemic and control groups. Patients were comparable at baseline. There were two COVID positive patients. During the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in complications (p = 0.033), readmissions (0.044) and interval appendicectomy (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: We identified higher rates of complicated appendicitis, caecectomies and greater reliance on CT imaging preoperatively during the pandemic in SWSLHD.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; United States ; Appendicitis/complications ; Appendicitis/surgery ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Retrospective Studies ; Appendectomy/methods ; Acute Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050442-1
ISSN	1471-2482 ; 1471-2482
ISSN (online)	1471-2482
ISSN	1471-2482
DOI	10.1186/s12893-022-01851-1
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Article ; Online: Crystal structure and solution scattering of Geobacillus stearothermophilus S9 peptidase reveal structural adaptations for carboxypeptidase activity.

Chandravanshi, Khileshwari / Singh, Rahul / Bhange, Gauri N / Kumar, Ashwani / Yadav, Pooja / Kumar, Amit / Makde, Ravindra D

FEBS letters

2024 Volume 598, Issue 6, Page(s) 684–701

Abstract: Acylaminoacyl peptidases (AAPs) play a pivotal role in various pathological conditions and are recognized as potential therapeutic targets. AAPs exhibit a wide range of activities, such as acylated amino acid-dependent aminopeptidase, endopeptidase, and ... ...

Abstract	Acylaminoacyl peptidases (AAPs) play a pivotal role in various pathological conditions and are recognized as potential therapeutic targets. AAPs exhibit a wide range of activities, such as acylated amino acid-dependent aminopeptidase, endopeptidase, and less studied carboxypeptidase activity. We have determined the crystal structure of an AAP from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (S9gs) at 2.0 Å resolution. Despite being annotated as an aminopeptidase in the NCBI database, our enzymatic characterization proved S9gs to be a carboxypeptidase. Solution-scattering studies showed that S9gs exists as a tetramer in solution, and crystal structure analysis revealed adaptations responsible for the carboxypeptidase activity of S9gs. The findings present a hypothesis for substrate selection, substrate entry, and product exit from the active site, enriching our understanding of this rare carboxypeptidase.
MeSH term(s)	Geobacillus stearothermophilus/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Endopeptidases ; Aminopeptidases ; Proteolysis
Chemical Substances	Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.-) ; Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	212746-5
ISSN	1873-3468 ; 0014-5793
ISSN (online)	1873-3468
ISSN	0014-5793
DOI	10.1002/1873-3468.14834
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Article ; Online: Genetic analysis of rotavirus G2P[4] strains in Pune, Western India: circulation of a novel reassortant bearing E6 NSP4 genotype.

Pradhan, Gauri N / Chitambar, Shobha D

Archives of virology

2018 Volume 163, Issue 5, Page(s) 1391–1394

Abstract: In India, G2P[4] strains are known to be the second most predominant group A rotaviruses causing acute gastroenteritis among children. This study was performed to determine the diversity within VP7(G), VP4(P), VP6(I) and NSP4(E) genes of 16 G2P[4] ... ...

Abstract	In India, G2P[4] strains are known to be the second most predominant group A rotaviruses causing acute gastroenteritis among children. This study was performed to determine the diversity within VP7(G), VP4(P), VP6(I) and NSP4(E) genes of 16 G2P[4] rotavirus strains detected in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India during 2009-2013. Fourteen strains showed G2-P[4]-I2-E2 and two strains showed G2-P[4]-I2-E6 genotype constellation. Phylogenetic analysis showed their clustering into G2-IV-a3, P[4]-5bi/ii, I2-3ii and E2-4i/ii or E6 genotypes/lineages. These data reveal inter- and/or intra-genotypic variations in a genogroup-2 constellation of G2P[4] rotavirus strains circulating in Pune, Western India, providing evidence of a novel G2P[4] reassortant bearing a rare NSP4 genotype, E6 during 2009-2013.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease/epidemiology ; Child ; Gastroenteritis/epidemiology ; Gastroenteritis/virology ; Genotype ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Infant ; Phylogeny ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Rotavirus/genetics ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Rotavirus Infections/virology ; Toxins, Biological/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Glycoproteins ; NS28 protein, rotavirus ; Toxins, Biological ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-018-3710-4
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Article ; Online: Full genomic analysis of G1P[8] rotavirus strains recovered from rotavirus vaccinated and non-vaccinated children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, western India.

Pradhan, Gauri N / Chitambar, Shobha D

Journal of medical virology

2018 Volume 90, Issue 4, Page(s) 772–778

Abstract: G1P[8] rotaviruses are predominant in causing diarrheal infections in humans all over the world. This study reports the analysis of complete genomes of G1P[8] strains, two each recovered from Rotarix™ vaccine recipients and non-recipients hospitalized ... ...

Abstract	G1P[8] rotaviruses are predominant in causing diarrheal infections in humans all over the world. This study reports the analysis of complete genomes of G1P[8] strains, two each recovered from Rotarix™ vaccine recipients and non-recipients hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, western India. All four strains showed a genogroup-1 backbone with intra-genotypic diversity in the VP7 and VP4 gene segments and a homogeneous constellation of the internal gene segments. A divergence in the range of 1.4-17.3% from Rotarix™ vaccine strain was revealed by structural and non-structural genes of the strains at nucleotide and amino acid level. These data reflect ability of such G1P[8] strains to cause rotavirus infections in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Diarrhea/pathology ; Diarrhea/virology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis/pathology ; Gastroenteritis/virology ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; India ; Infant ; Male ; Rotavirus/genetics ; Rotavirus/isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections/pathology ; Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Rotavirus Infections/virology ; Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Whole Genome Sequencing
Chemical Substances	RIX4414 vaccine ; Rotavirus Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.25007
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Article ; Online: Nonlinear refractive index of solids in mid-infrared.

Patwardhan, Gauri N / Ginsberg, Jared S / Chen, Cecilia Y / Jadidi, M Mehdi / Gaeta, Alexander L

Optics letters

2021 Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 1824–1827

Abstract: We measure the third-order nonlinear optical response of various dielectrics and semiconductors using the spectrally resolved two-beam coupling method at 2.3 µm, 3.5 µm, 4.5 µm, and 8.3 µm. These materials include fused silica, sapphire, calcium fluoride, ...

Abstract	We measure the third-order nonlinear optical response of various dielectrics and semiconductors using the spectrally resolved two-beam coupling method at 2.3 µm, 3.5 µm, 4.5 µm, and 8.3 µm. These materials include fused silica, sapphire, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, zinc sulphide, and zinc selenide. We compare our results with previous literature results and theoretically expected values using two-band model theory. The dispersion of the nonlinear refractive index
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4794
ISSN (online)	1539-4794
DOI	10.1364/OL.421469
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Article: Genetic analysis of rotavirus G2P[4] strains in Pune, Western India: circulation of a novel reassortant bearing E6 NSP4 genotype

Pradhan, GauriN / Shobha D. Chitambar

Archives of virology. 2018 May, v. 163, no. 5

2018

Abstract	In India, G2P[4] strains are known to be the second most predominant group A rotaviruses causing acute gastroenteritis among children. This study was performed to determine the diversity within VP7(G), VP4(P), VP6(I) and NSP4(E) genes of 16 G2P[4] rotavirus strains detected in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India during 2009-2013. Fourteen strains showed G2-P[4]-I2-E2 and two strains showed G2-P[4]-I2-E6 genotype constellation. Phylogenetic analysis showed their clustering into G2-IV-a3, P[4]-5bi/ii, I2-3ii and E2-4i/ii or E6 genotypes/lineages. These data reveal inter- and/or intra-genotypic variations in a genogroup-2 constellation of G2P[4] rotavirus strains circulating in Pune, Western India, providing evidence of a novel G2P[4] reassortant bearing a rare NSP4 genotype, E6 during 2009-2013.
Keywords	Rotavirus A ; children ; gastroenteritis ; genes ; genetic analysis ; genotype ; phylogeny ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-05
Size	p. 1391-1394.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-018-3710-4
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Article ; Online: Phonon-enhanced nonlinearities in hexagonal boron nitride.

Ginsberg, Jared S / Jadidi, M Mehdi / Zhang, Jin / Chen, Cecilia Y / Tancogne-Dejean, Nicolas / Chae, Sang Hoon / Patwardhan, Gauri N / Xian, Lede / Watanabe, Kenji / Taniguchi, Takashi / Hone, James / Rubio, Angel / Gaeta, Alexander L

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7685

Abstract: Polar crystals can be driven into collective oscillations by optical fields tuned to precise resonance frequencies. As the amplitude of the excited phonon modes increases, novel processes scaling non-linearly with the applied fields begin to contribute ... ...

Abstract	Polar crystals can be driven into collective oscillations by optical fields tuned to precise resonance frequencies. As the amplitude of the excited phonon modes increases, novel processes scaling non-linearly with the applied fields begin to contribute to the dynamics of the atomic system. Here we show two such optical nonlinearities that are induced and enhanced by the strong phonon resonance in the van der Waals crystal hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). We predict and observe large sub-picosecond duration signals due to four-wave mixing (FWM) during resonant excitation. The resulting FWM signal allows for time-resolved observation of the crystal motion. In addition, we observe enhancements of third-harmonic generation with resonant pumping at the hBN transverse optical phonon. Phonon-induced nonlinear enhancements are also predicted to yield large increases in high-harmonic efficiencies beyond the third.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-43501-x
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Article ; Online: Molecular characterization of emerging G9P[4] rotavirus strains possessing a rare E6 NSP4 or T1 NSP3 genotype on a genogroup-2 backbone using a refined classification framework.

Pradhan, Gauri N / Walimbe, Atul M / Chitambar, Shobha D

The Journal of general virology

2016 Volume 97, Issue 12, Page(s) 3139–3153

Abstract: Rotavirus infections associated with unusual strains are an emerging concern in rotavirus vaccination programmes. Recently, an increase in circulation of unusual G9P[4] strains was reported from different regions of India, placing this genotype in third ... ...

Abstract	Rotavirus infections associated with unusual strains are an emerging concern in rotavirus vaccination programmes. Recently, an increase in circulation of unusual G9P[4] strains was reported from different regions of India, placing this genotype in third position, after G1P[8] and G2P[4], of the most common rotavirus strains. The aim of the present study was to analyse the complete genomic constellation of three G9P[4] strains (RV09, RV10 and RV11), determine their genetic relatedness to other genogroup-2 strains and understand the evolution of a rare E6 and other NSP4 genotypes. All strains revealed the presence of a genogroup-2 backbone, with RV09 constituting the NSP3 T1 genotype and RV10 and RV11 bearing the NSP4 E6 genotype. A refined criterion adopted to classify the nine internal gene segments of G2P[4] and non-G2P[4] strains with the genogroup-2 backbone into lineages and sub-lineages indicated divergence of >8 % (except NSP1: >5.5 %) for lineages and >3 % for sub-lineages. The VP1 and/or VP3 genes of study strains showed close relationships with animal-like human rotaviruses. The estimated evolutionary rate for the NSP4 E6 genotype was marginally higher (3.78×10-3 substitutions per site per year) than that of genotypes E1 (2.6×10-3 substitutions per site per year) and E2 (3.06×10-3 substitutions per site per year), suggesting a step towards adaptation of E6 on a genogroup-2 backbone. The time and origin of the most recent common ancestor of E6 genotype were estimated to be 1981 and South Asia, respectively. Full-genome and evolutionary analyses performed in this study for G9P[4] strains will help better understand the extent of gene reassortment and origin in unusual rotavirus strains that may remain viable and cause infections in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Asia ; Child, Preschool ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genotype ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Humans ; India ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Rotavirus/classification ; Rotavirus/genetics ; Rotavirus/isolation & purification ; Rotavirus Infections/virology ; Toxins, Biological/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Glycoproteins ; NS28 protein, rotavirus ; NSP3 protein, Rotavirus ; Toxins, Biological ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	219316-4
ISSN	1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
ISSN (online)	1465-2099
ISSN	0022-1317
DOI	10.1099/jgv.0.000650
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Article: The association of specific neuropsychological deficits with capacity to consent to research or treatment.

Palmer, Barton W / Savla, Gauri N

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

2007 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 1047–1059

Abstract: Informed consent is key to ethical clinical research and treatment, but partially rests on the ability of individual patients or research participants to use disclosed information to make a meaningful choice. Although the construct of decisional capacity ...

Abstract	Informed consent is key to ethical clinical research and treatment, but partially rests on the ability of individual patients or research participants to use disclosed information to make a meaningful choice. Although the construct of decisional capacity emerged from legal and philosophical traditions, several investigators have begun examining the relationship of specific neuropsychological abilities to decisional capacity. This line of research may foster development of better consent procedures, as well as aid in refining the construct of decisional capacity toward a form that better reflects the underlying neurocognitive processes. We conducted a systematic search of the published literature and thereby identified and reviewed 16 published reports of empirical studies that examined the relationship between specific neuropsychological abilities and capacity to consent to research or treatment. Significant relationships between neuropsychological scores and decisional capacity were present across all the reviewed studies. The degree to which specific neuropsychological abilities have particular relevance to decisional capacity remains uncertain, but the existing studies provide a solid basis for a priori hypotheses for future investigations. These ongoing efforts represent an important conceptual and empirical bridge between bioethical, legal, and neuropsychological approaches to understanding meaningful decision-making processes.
MeSH term(s)	Databases, Factual ; Decision Making/physiology ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Mental Competency ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	1230632-0
ISSN	1469-7661 ; 1355-6177
ISSN (online)	1469-7661
ISSN	1355-6177
DOI	10.1017/S1355617707071299
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Book ; Online: Unzipping hBN with ultrashort mid-infrared pulses

Chen, Cecilia Y. / Ginsberg, Jared S. / Moore, Samuel L. / Jadidi, M. Mehdi / Maiti, Rishi / Li, Baichang / Chae, Sang Hoon / Rajendran, Anjaly / Patwardhan, Gauri N. / Watanabe, Kenji / Taniguchi, Takashi / Hone, James / Basov, D. N. / Gaeta, Alexander L.

2022

Abstract: Manipulating the nanostructure of materials is critical for numerous applications in electronics, magnetics, and photonics. However, conventional methods such as lithography and laser-writing require cleanroom facilities or leave residue. Here, we ... ...

Abstract	Manipulating the nanostructure of materials is critical for numerous applications in electronics, magnetics, and photonics. However, conventional methods such as lithography and laser-writing require cleanroom facilities or leave residue. Here, we describe a new approach to create atomically sharp line defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) at room temperature by direct optical phonon excitation in the mid-infrared (mid-IR). We term this phenomenon "unzipping" to describe the rapid formation and growth of a <30-nm-wide crack from a point within the laser-driven region. The formation of these features is attributed to large atomic displacements and high local bond strain from driving the crystal at a natural resonance. This process is distinguished by (i) occurring only under resonant phonon excitation, (ii) producing highly sub-wavelength features, and (iii) sensitivity to crystal orientation and pump laser polarization. Its cleanliness, directionality, and sharpness enable applications in in-situ flake cleaving and phonon-wave-coupling via free space optical excitation. Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures
Keywords	Condensed Matter - Materials Science ; Physics - Optics
Subject code	535
Publishing date	2022-05-24
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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