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Article ; Online: Fluctuation theorems and thermodynamic inequalities for nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times.

Yang, Haoran / Ge, Hao

2023 Volume 108, Issue 5, Page(s) L052104

Abstract: We investigate the thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing fluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional, yielding a family of stopping- ... ...

Abstract	We investigate the thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing fluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional, yielding a family of stopping-time fluctuation theorems. We derive second-law-like thermodynamic inequalities for the mean thermodynamic functional at stochastic stopping times, the bounds of which are even stronger than the thermodynamic inequalities resulting from the traditional fluctuation theorems when the stopping time is reduced to a deterministic one. Numerical verification is carried out for three well-known thermodynamic functionals, namely, entropy production, free energy dissipation, and dissipative work. These universal equalities and inequalities are valid for arbitrary stopping strategies, and thus provide a comprehensive framework with insights into the fundamental principles governing nonequilibrium systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2844562-4
ISSN	2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
ISSN (online)	2470-0053
ISSN	2470-0045
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevE.108.L052104
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Fluctuation Theorems and Thermodynamic Inequalities for Nonequilibrium Processes Stopped at Stochastic Times

Yang, Haoran / Ge, Hao

2023

Abstract: We investigate thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing fluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional, yielding a family of stopping-time ... ...

Abstract	We investigate thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing fluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional, yielding a family of stopping-time fluctuation theorems. We derive second-law-like thermodynamic inequalities for the mean thermodynamic functional at stochastic stopping times, the bounds of which are stronger than the thermodynamic inequalities resulting from the traditional fluctuation theorems when the stopping time is reduced to a deterministic one. Numerical verification is carried out for three well-known thermodynamic functionals, namely, entropy production, free energy dissipation and dissipative work. These universal equalities and inequalities are valid for arbitrary stopping strategies, and thus provide a comprehensive framework with new insights into the fundamental principles governing nonequilibrium systems. Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures
Keywords	Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ; Physics - Chemical Physics
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Development of defective molybdenum oxides for photocatalysis, thermal catalysis, and photothermal catalysis

Ge, Hao / Kuwahara, Yasutaka / Yamashita, Hiromi

Chemical communications. 2022 July 28, v. 58, no. 61

2022

Abstract: The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metals has been investigated for decades for applications in various catalysis reactions and optical research studies, but its development has been hampered by inefficient light absorption and high ... ...

Abstract	The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metals has been investigated for decades for applications in various catalysis reactions and optical research studies, but its development has been hampered by inefficient light absorption and high costs. In comparison, the creation of less expensive semiconductors (metal oxides) with strong plasmonic absorption is an appealing option, particularly defective molybdenum oxide (HₓMoO₃₋y) has received considerable attention and investigation as a promising plasmonic material for a variety of catalytic reactions (photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, photothermal catalysis, etc.).The LSPR effect of HₓMoO₃₋y can be tuned throughout a broad spectrum range from visible to near-infrared (NIR) by altering the doping amount by electrochemical control, chemical reduction, or photochemical control. Notably, defects (oxygen vacancies) in HₓMoO₃₋y arise in conjunction with the LSPR effect, resulting in the formation of unique and useful active sites in a range of catalytic processes. In this review, we explore the formation mechanism of HₓMoO₃₋y with plasmonic features and discuss its applications in photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and photothermal catalysis.
Keywords	absorption ; chemical reduction ; electrochemistry ; molybdenum ; oxygen ; photocatalysis ; surface plasmon resonance
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0728
Size	p. 8466-8479.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1472881-3
ISSN	1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
ISSN (online)	1364-548X
ISSN	1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
DOI	10.1039/d2cc02658a
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Finite element analysis of the mechanical strength of a new hip Spacer.

Ge, Hao / Yan, Hongsong / Liu, Xianwang / Huang, Yiwei / Zeng, Jianchun

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

2023 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 434

Abstract: Background and objective: At present, the influence of the internal metallic endoskeleton of Spacer on the biomechanical strength of Spacer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical stability of a novel Spacer applying a ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: At present, the influence of the internal metallic endoskeleton of Spacer on the biomechanical strength of Spacer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical stability of a novel Spacer applying a annular skeleton that mimics the structure of trabecular bone using finite element methods. Metheds: The femur models of three healthy individuals and skeletonless Spacer, K-Spacer, and AD-Spacer were assembled to create 15 3D models. Finite element analysis was performed in an Ansys Bench2022R1. Biomechanical parameters such as stress and strain of the Spacer, internal skeleton and femur were evaluated under three loads, which were applied with the maximum force borne by the hip joint (2100 N), standing on one leg (700 N), and standing on two legs (350 N). The mechanical properties of the new hip Spacer were evaluated. Result: The stresses on the medial and lateral surfaces of the AD-Spacer and K-Spacer were smaller than the stresses in the state without skeletal support. The maximum stresses on the medial and lateral surfaces of the AD-Spacer were smaller than those of the inserted K-Spacer, and the difference gradually increased with the increase of force intensity. When the skeleton diameter was increased from 3 to 4 mm, the stresses in the medial and lateral sides of the AD-Spacer and K-Spacer necks decreased. The stress of both skeletons was concentrated at the neck, but the stress of the annular skeleton was evenly distributed on the medial and lateral sides of the skeleton. The mean stress in the proximal femur was higher in femurs with K-Spacer than in femurs with AD-Spacer. Conclusions: AD-Spacer has lower stress and higher load-bearing capacity than K-Spacer, and the advantages of AD-Spacer are more obvious under the maximum load state of hip joint.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Finite Element Analysis ; Stress, Mechanical ; Femur/surgery ; Hip Joint ; Weight-Bearing ; Biomechanical Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041355-5
ISSN	1471-2474 ; 1471-2474
ISSN (online)	1471-2474
ISSN	1471-2474
DOI	10.1186/s12891-023-06562-z
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Article ; Online: What is the difference in proprioception between single condylar arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy? a comparative study on both knees of the same patient.

Ge, Hao / Huang, Yiwei / Yan, Hongsong / Zeng, Yirong / Zeng, Jianchun

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research

2023 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 486

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and outcomes of different surgical procedures, namely unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO), for the treatment of bilateral medial compartment knee osteoarthritis ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and outcomes of different surgical procedures, namely unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO), for the treatment of bilateral medial compartment knee osteoarthritis in the same patient. The joint awareness and function of these two surgical methods were evaluated. Methods: A total of 15 patients with bilateral medial compartment knee osteoarthritis who underwent either UKA or HTO between 2012 and 2020 were included in the study. Patient data, including age, gender, body mass index and length of hospital stay, were collected. Pre- and post-operative measurements were conducted, including tibiofemoral angle, tibial plateau posterior inclination angle, proximal tibial medial angle, distance from mechanical axis to knee joint center, hip-knee-ankle angle, pre- and post-operative knee joint scores, knee joint range of motion, and FIS-12 scores at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The latest follow-up was used for evaluating the outcomes of osteoarthritis treatment. Normality of continuous variables was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Between-group comparisons were performed using the paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized to analyze FJS-12 measurements at different time points, and the correlation between FJS-12 and postoperative clinical results was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Significant differences were observed in FJS between the UKA and HTO groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, but no significant difference was found at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. FJS in the UKA group demonstrated a significant increase from 3 to 6 months postoperatively, but no significant difference was observed from 6 to 24 months postoperatively. In contrast, FJS in the HTO group showed a significant increase from 3 to 24 months postoperatively. Conclusions: Patients who underwent UKA exhibited superior joint awareness compared to those who underwent HTO during the early postoperative period. Furthermore, the rate of joint awareness in UKA patients was faster than in HTO patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Knee Joint/surgery ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/methods ; Osteotomy/methods ; Tibia/surgery ; Proprioception ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2252548-8
ISSN	1749-799X ; 1749-799X
ISSN (online)	1749-799X
ISSN	1749-799X
DOI	10.1186/s13018-023-03965-5
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Article ; Online: Investigation of the Temperature Actions of Bridge Cables Based on Long-Term Measurement and the Gradient Boosted Regression Trees Method.

Wang, Fen / Dai, Gonglian / Liu, Yonglu / Ge, Hao / Rao, Huiming

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 12

Abstract: Cable-stayed bridges have been commonly used on high-speed railways. The design, construction, and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges necessitate an accurate assessment of the cable temperature field. However, the temperature fields of cables have not ... ...

Abstract	Cable-stayed bridges have been commonly used on high-speed railways. The design, construction, and maintenance of cable-stayed bridges necessitate an accurate assessment of the cable temperature field. However, the temperature fields of cables have not been well established. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the distribution of the temperature field, the time variability of temperatures, and the representative value of temperature actions in stayed cables. A cable segment experiment, spanning over one year, is conducted near the bridge site. Based on the monitoring temperatures and meteorological data, the distribution of the temperature field is studied, and the time variability of cable temperatures is investigated. The findings show that the temperature distribution is generally uniform along the cross-section without a significant temperature gradient, while the amplitudes of the annual cycle variation and daily cycle variation in temperatures are significant. To accurately determine the temperature deformation of a cable, it is necessary to consider both the daily temperature fluctuations and the annual cycle of uniform temperatures. Then, using the gradient boosted regression trees method, the relationship between the cable temperature and multiple environmental variables is explored, and representative cable uniform temperatures for design are obtained by the extreme value analysis. The presented data and results provide a good basis for the operation and maintenance of in-service long-span cable-stayed bridges.
MeSH term(s)	Temperature ; Regression Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23125675
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Article ; Online: Development of defective molybdenum oxides for photocatalysis, thermal catalysis, and photothermal catalysis.

Ge, Hao / Kuwahara, Yasutaka / Yamashita, Hiromi

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

2022 Volume 58, Issue 61, Page(s) 8466–8479

Abstract	The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metals has been investigated for decades for applications in various catalysis reactions and optical research studies, but its development has been hampered by inefficient light absorption and high costs. In comparison, the creation of less expensive semiconductors (metal oxides) with strong plasmonic absorption is an appealing option, particularly defective molybdenum oxide (H
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1472881-3
ISSN	1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
ISSN (online)	1364-548X
ISSN	1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
DOI	10.1039/d2cc02658a
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Article: A parameter-free learning automaton scheme.

Ren, Xudie / Li, Shenghong / Ge, Hao

Frontiers in neurorobotics

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 999658

Abstract: For a learning automaton, a proper configuration of the learning parameters is crucial. To ensure stable and reliable performance in stochastic environments, manual parameter tuning is necessary for existing LA schemes, but the tuning procedure is time- ... ...

Abstract	For a learning automaton, a proper configuration of the learning parameters is crucial. To ensure stable and reliable performance in stochastic environments, manual parameter tuning is necessary for existing LA schemes, but the tuning procedure is time-consuming and interaction-costing. It is a fatal limitation for LA-based applications, especially for those environments where the interactions are expensive. In this paper, we propose a parameter-free learning automaton (PFLA) scheme to avoid parameter tuning by a Bayesian inference method. In contrast to existing schemes where the parameters must be carefully tuned according to the environment, PFLA works well with a set of consistent parameters in various environments. This intriguing property dramatically reduces the difficulty of applying a learning automaton to an unknown stochastic environment. A rigorous proof of ϵ-optimality for the proposed scheme is provided and numeric experiments are carried out on benchmark environments to verify its effectiveness. The results show that, without any parameter tuning cost, the proposed PFLA can achieve a competitive performance compared with other well-tuned schemes and outperform untuned schemes on the consistency of performance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2453002-5
ISSN	1662-5218
ISSN	1662-5218
DOI	10.3389/fnbot.2022.999658
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Book ; Conference proceedings: 13th International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production (SWEMP 2012)

Ge, Hao

New Delhi, India, 28 - 30 November 2012

2014

Title variant	Thirteenth
Event/congress	International Symposium on Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production (13, 2012.11.28-30, NewDelhi) ; SWEMP (13, 2012.11.28-30, NewDelhi)
Author's details	ed.: Hao Ge
Language	English
Size	508 S., Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
Publisher	Curran
Publishing place	Red Hook, NY
Document type	Book ; Conference proceedings
Note	Co-located with the 21st International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection (MPES 2012) ; Literaturangaben
ISBN	9781629932798 ; 1629932795
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article ; Online: Time reversibility and nonequilibrium thermodynamics of second-order stochastic processes.

Ge, Hao

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics

2014 Volume 89, Issue 2, Page(s) 22127

Abstract: Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a general second-order stochastic system is investigated. We prove that at steady state, under inversion of velocities, the condition of time reversibility over the phase space is equivalent to the antisymmetry of spatial ...

Abstract	Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of a general second-order stochastic system is investigated. We prove that at steady state, under inversion of velocities, the condition of time reversibility over the phase space is equivalent to the antisymmetry of spatial flux and the symmetry of velocity flux. Then we show that the condition of time reversibility alone cannot always guarantee the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Comparing the two conditions together, we find that the frictional force naturally emerges as the unique odd term of the total force at thermodynamic equilibrium, and is followed by the Einstein relation. The two conditions respectively correspond to two previously reported different entropy production rates. In the case where the external force is only position dependent, the two entropy production rates become one. We prove that such an entropy production rate can be decomposed into two non-negative terms, expressed respectively by the conditional mean and variance of the thermodynamic force associated with the irreversible velocity flux at any given spatial coordinate. In the small inertia limit, the former term becomes the entropy production rate of the corresponding overdamped dynamics, while the anomalous entropy production rate originates from the latter term. Furthermore, regarding the connection between the first law and second law, we find that in the steady state of such a limit, the anomalous entropy production rate is also the leading order of the Boltzmann-factor weighted difference between the spatial heat dissipation densities of the underdamped and overdamped dynamics, while their unweighted difference always tends to vanish.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Diffusion ; Macromolecular Substances/chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Statistical ; Motion ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Stochastic Processes
Chemical Substances	Macromolecular Substances
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1550-2376
ISSN (online)	1550-2376
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevE.89.022127
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