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  1. Article: Ultra-clean condensing gas furnace enabled with acidic gas reduction

    Gao, Zhiming / Gluesenkamp, Kyle / Gehl, Anthony / Pihl, Josh / LaClair, Tim / Zhang, Mingkan / Sulejmanovic, Dino / Munk, Jeffrey / Nawaz, Kashif

    Elsevier Ltd Energy. 2022 Mar. 15, v. 243

    2022  

    Abstract: Natural gas furnaces are the most common space heating equipment in the U.S. residential and commercial building markets. However, current residential natural gas condensing furnaces generate substantial acidic condensate as well as significant emissions ...

    Abstract Natural gas furnaces are the most common space heating equipment in the U.S. residential and commercial building markets. However, current residential natural gas condensing furnaces generate substantial acidic condensate as well as significant emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and methane (CH₄) contributing to environmental degradation of air, water, and soil. This paper describes a novel solution to reduce the environmental impact of natural gas condensing furnaces based on the technology of monolithic acidic gas reduction (AGR) catalyst for SOx trapping, NOx redox to nitrogen, and oxidation of formic acid, CO, HC, and CH₄. This technology offers a new condensing natural gas furnace with both ultra-clean flue gas and neutral condensate. A prototype of the condensing gas furnace with the AGR component is demonstrated to have condensate with pH = 7, NOx emissions of 1–2 ng/J, and an annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) of 96%. The AGR component and the AGR-enabled furnace were tested for long-term reliability and durability, as well as for SOx storage and regeneration activity. In addition, this paper provides new data on measurements of the specific acidic gas content in natural gas condensing furnaces.
    Keywords air ; carbon monoxide ; catalysts ; condensates ; durability ; energy ; environmental degradation ; environmental impact ; equipment ; flue gas ; formic acid ; furnaces ; methane ; natural gas ; nitrogen ; oxidation ; pH ; prototypes ; soil ; sulfur
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0315
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2019804-8
    ISSN 0360-5442 ; 0360-5442
    ISSN (online) 0360-5442
    ISSN 0360-5442
    DOI 10.1016/j.energy.2021.123068
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: COVID 19 vaccine distribution solution to the last mile challenge: Experimental and simulation studies of ultra-low temperature refrigeration system.

    Sun, Jian / Zhang, Mingkan / Gehl, Anthony / Fricke, Brian / Nawaz, Kashif / Gluesenkamp, Kyle / Shen, Bo / Munk, Jeff / Hagerman, Joe / Lapsa, Melissa

    Revue internationale du froid

    2021  Volume 133, Page(s) 313–325

    Abstract: Most COVID-19 vaccines require ambient temperature control for transportation and storage. Both Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are based on mRNA and lipid nanoparticles requiring low temperature storage. The Pfizer vaccine requires ultra-low temperature ... ...

    Abstract Most COVID-19 vaccines require ambient temperature control for transportation and storage. Both Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are based on mRNA and lipid nanoparticles requiring low temperature storage. The Pfizer vaccine requires ultra-low temperature storage (between -80 °C and -60 °C), while the Moderna vaccine requires -30 °C storage. Pfizer has designed a reusable package for transportation and storage that can keep the vaccine at the target temperature for 10 days. However, the last stage of distribution is quite challenging, especially for rural or suburban areas, where local towns, pharmacy chains and hospitals may not have the infrastructure required to store the vaccine. Also, the need for a large amount of ultra-low temperature refrigeration equipment in a short time period creates tremendous pressure on the equipment suppliers. In addition, there is limited data available to address ancillary challenges of the distribution framework for both transportation and storage stages. As such, there is a need for a quick, effective, secure, and safe solution to mitigate the challenges faced by vaccine distribution logistics. The study proposes an effective, secure, and safe ultra-low temperature refrigeration solution to resolve the vaccine distribution last mile challenge. The approach is to utilize commercially available products, such as refrigeration container units, and retrofit them to meet the vaccine storage temperature requirement. Both experimental and simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the technical merits of this solution with the ability to control temperature at -30 °C or -70 °C as part of the last mile supply chain for vaccine candidates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0140-7007
    ISSN 0140-7007
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.11.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Dataset of ultralow temperature refrigeration for COVID 19 vaccine distribution solution.

    Sun, Jian / Zhang, Mingkan / Gehl, Anthony / Fricke, Brian / Nawaz, Kashif / Gluesenkamp, Kyle / Shen, Bo / Munk, Jeff / Hagerman, Joe / Lapsa, Melissa / Awwad, Nader / Recipe, Chris / Auyer, Doug / Brisson, David

    Scientific data

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 67

    Abstract: Most COVID-19 vaccines require temperature control for transportation and storage. Two types of vaccine have been developed by manufacturers (Pfizer and Moderna). Both vaccines are based on mRNA and lipid nanoparticles requiring low temperature storage. ... ...

    Abstract Most COVID-19 vaccines require temperature control for transportation and storage. Two types of vaccine have been developed by manufacturers (Pfizer and Moderna). Both vaccines are based on mRNA and lipid nanoparticles requiring low temperature storage. The Pfizer vaccine requires ultra-low temperature storage (-80 °C to -60 °C), while the Moderna vaccine requires -30 °C storage. However, the last stage of distribution is quite challenging, especially for rural or suburban areas, where local towns, pharmacy chains and hospitals may not have the infrastructure required to store the vaccine at the required temperature. In addition, there is limited data available to address ancillary challenges of the distribution framework for both transportation and storage stages, including safety concerns due to human exposure to large amounts of CO
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 Vaccines ; Ice ; Refrigeration ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances COVID-19 Vaccines ; Ice ; Lipid Nanoparticles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Dataset ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2775191-0
    ISSN 2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
    ISSN (online) 2052-4463
    ISSN 2052-4463
    DOI 10.1038/s41597-022-01167-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Miniature sensor suitable for electronic nose applications.

    Pinnaduwage, Lal A / Gehl, Anthony C / Allman, Steve L / Johansson, Alicia / Boisen, Anja

    The Review of scientific instruments

    2007  Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 55101

    Abstract: A major research effort has been devoted over the years for the development of chemical sensors for the detection of chemical and explosive vapors. However, the deployment of such chemical sensors will require the use of multiple sensors (probably tens ... ...

    Abstract A major research effort has been devoted over the years for the development of chemical sensors for the detection of chemical and explosive vapors. However, the deployment of such chemical sensors will require the use of multiple sensors (probably tens of sensors) in a sensor package to achieve selective detection. In order to keep the overall detector unit small, miniature sensors with sufficient sensitivity of detection will be needed. We report sensitive detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a stimulant for the nerve agents, using a miniature sensor unit based on piezoresistive microcantilevers. The sensor can detect parts-per-trillion concentrations of DMMP within 10 s exposure times. The small size of the sensor makes it ideally suited for electronic nose applications.
    MeSH term(s) Biomimetics/instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Gases/analysis ; Microchemistry/instrumentation ; Microchemistry/methods ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/methods ; Miniaturization ; Nose ; Odorants/analysis ; Organophosphorus Compounds/analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transducers
    Chemical Substances Gases ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; dimethyl methylphosphonate (20Z996230U)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209865-9
    ISSN 1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
    ISSN (online) 1089-7623
    ISSN 0034-6748
    DOI 10.1063/1.2735841
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: An energy conservation approach to adsorbate-induced surface stress and the extraction of binding energy using nanomechanics.

    Pinnaduwage, Lal A / Boiadjiev, Vassil I / Hawk, John E / Gehl, Anthony C / Fernando, Gayanath W / Rohana Wijewardhana, L C

    Nanotechnology

    2008  Volume 19, Issue 10, Page(s) 105501

    Abstract: Surface stress induced by molecular adsorption in three different binding processes has been studied experimentally using a microcantilever sensor. A comprehensive free-energy analysis based on an energy conservation approach is proposed to explain the ... ...

    Abstract Surface stress induced by molecular adsorption in three different binding processes has been studied experimentally using a microcantilever sensor. A comprehensive free-energy analysis based on an energy conservation approach is proposed to explain the experimental observations. We show that when guest molecules bind to atoms/molecules on a microcantilever surface, the released binding energy is retained in the host surface, leading to a metastable state where the excess energy on the surface is manifested as an increase in surface stress leading to the bending of the microcantilever. The released binding energy appears to be almost exclusively channeled to the surface energy, and energy distribution to other channels, including heat, appears to be inactive for this micromechanical system. When this excess surface energy is released, the microcantilever relaxes back to the original state, and the relaxation time depends on the particular binding process involved. Such vapor phase experiments were conducted for three binding processes: physisorption, hydrogen bonding, and chemisorption. Binding energies for these three processes were also estimated.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1362365-5
    ISSN 1361-6528 ; 0957-4484
    ISSN (online) 1361-6528
    ISSN 0957-4484
    DOI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105501
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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