Article ; Online: GLUT4 dispersal at the plasma membrane of adipocytes: a super-resolved journey.
2023 Volume 43, Issue 10
Abstract: In adipose tissue, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by mediating the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. In 2010, insulin was revealed to also have a fundamental impact on the spatial distribution of GLUT4 within ... ...
Abstract | In adipose tissue, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by mediating the translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. In 2010, insulin was revealed to also have a fundamental impact on the spatial distribution of GLUT4 within the plasma membrane, with the existence of two GLUT4 populations at the plasma membrane being defined: (1) as stationary clusters and (2) as diffusible monomers. In this model, in the absence of insulin, plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 are found to behave as clusters. These clusters are thought to arise from exocytic events that retain GLUT4 at their fusion sites; this has been proposed to function as an intermediate hub between GLUT4 exocytosis and re-internalisation. By contrast, insulin stimulation induces the dispersal of GLUT4 clusters into monomers and favours a distinct type of GLUT4-vesicle fusion event, known as fusion-with-release exocytosis. Here, we review how super-resolution microscopy approaches have allowed investigation of the characteristics of plasma membrane-fused GLUT4 and further discuss regulatory step(s) involved in the GLUT4 dispersal machinery, introducing the scaffold protein EFR3 which facilitates localisation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KIIIα) to the cell surface. We consider how dispersal may be linked to the control of transporter activity, consider whether macro-organisation may be a widely used phenomenon to control proteins within the plasma membrane, and speculate on the origin of different forms of GLUT4-vesicle exocytosis. |
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MeSH term(s) | Adipocytes/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Membrane Fusion ; Insulin/metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism |
Chemical Substances | Insulin ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2023-10-04 |
Publishing country | England |
Document type | Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
ZDB-ID | 764946-0 |
ISSN | 1573-4935 ; 0144-8463 |
ISSN (online) | 1573-4935 |
ISSN | 0144-8463 |
DOI | 10.1042/BSR20230946 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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