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Article ; Online: Role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular response.

Nayeem, Mohammed A / Geldenhuys, Werner J / Hanif, Ahmad

Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)

2023 Volume 97, Page(s) 37–131

Abstract: The role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase has been seen in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. The aberration in CYP450-epoxygenase genes occur due to genetic polymorphisms, aging, or environmental factors, that increase susceptibility to ... ...

Abstract	The role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase has been seen in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. The aberration in CYP450-epoxygenase genes occur due to genetic polymorphisms, aging, or environmental factors, that increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The actual role played by the CYP450-epoxygenases is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxyoctadecaenoic acid (EpOMEs) metabolites (oxylipins) and others, which is involved in vasodilation and myocardial-protection. But the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases lose their beneficial cardiovascular effects of oxylipins, and the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) antagonizes beneficial oxylipins into diols. Like sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), EpOMEs into dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (DiHOMEs), and reverses its beneficial effects, and the sEH gene (Ephx2) polymorphisms cause the enzyme to become overactive and convert epoxy-fatty acids into diols, making them vulnerable to CVDs, including hypertension. Other, enzymes like ω-hydroxylases (CYP450-4A11 & CYP450-4F2)-derived oxylipins from AA, ω-terminal-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (19-, 20-HETE), lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins, mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs), and the cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (prostaglandins: PGD
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2J2 ; Epoxide Hydrolases/genetics ; Epoxide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Oxylipins/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids ; Hypertension
Chemical Substances	Cytochrome P-450 CYP2J2 (EC 1.14.14.1) ; Epoxide Hydrolases (EC 3.3.2.-) ; Oxylipins ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System (9035-51-2) ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1557-8925
ISSN (online)	1557-8925
DOI	10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.003
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Article ; Online: Development of an a priori computational approach for brain uptake of compounds in an insect model system.

Geldenhuys, Werner J / Bloomquist, Jeffrey R

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

2021 Volume 40, Page(s) 127930

Abstract: Delivery of compounds to the brain is critical for the development of effective treatment therapies of multiple central nervous system diseases. Recently a novel insect-based brain uptake model was published utilizing a locust brain ex vivo system. The ... ...

Abstract	Delivery of compounds to the brain is critical for the development of effective treatment therapies of multiple central nervous system diseases. Recently a novel insect-based brain uptake model was published utilizing a locust brain ex vivo system. The goal of our study was to develop a priori, in silico cheminformatic models to describe brain uptake in this insect model, as well as evaluate the predictive ability. The machine learning program Orange® was used to evaluate several machine learning (ML) models on a published data set of 25 known drugs, with in vitro data generated by a single laboratory group to reduce inherent inter-laboratory variability. The ML models included in this study were linear regression (LR), support vector machines (SVN), k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and neural nets (NN). The quantitative structure-property relationship models were able to correlate experimental logCtot (concentration of compound in brain) and predicted brain uptake of r
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Central Nervous System Agents/chemistry ; Central Nervous System Agents/metabolism ; Cheminformatics ; Databases, Chemical/statistics & numerical data ; Grasshoppers/metabolism ; Linear Models ; Models, Biological ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Support Vector Machine
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1063195-1
ISSN	1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
ISSN (online)	1464-3405
ISSN	0960-894X
DOI	10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127930
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Zs.A 3203: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Flash nanoprecipitation assisted self-assembly of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery.

Misra, Bishal / Hughes, Krystal A / Pentz, William H / Samart, Parinya / Geldenhuys, Werner J / Bobbala, Sharan

Nanoscale

2024 Volume 16, Issue 14, Page(s) 6939–6948

Abstract: Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a powerful tool for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. Following the recent success of LNP-based siRNA therapeutics and mRNA vaccines, the use of ionizable lipids for nucleic acid delivery ... ...

Abstract	Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a powerful tool for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. Following the recent success of LNP-based siRNA therapeutics and mRNA vaccines, the use of ionizable lipids for nucleic acid delivery has tremendously increased. Here, we introduce a flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) approach using the confined impingement (CIJ) mixer to stably self-assemble ionizable LNPs. To validate this approach, we employed three clinically relevant LNP formulations containing SM102, ALC0315, and DLin-MC3-DMA as ionizable lipids. FNP-assembled LNPs showed >95% encapsulation efficiency of mRNA and siRNA payloads and particle sizes below 150 nm. SM102 or ALC0315 LNPs demonstrated efficient delivery of mRNA into immune cells
MeSH term(s)	Lipids ; Liposomes ; Nanoparticles ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
Chemical Substances	Lipid Nanoparticles ; Lipids ; Liposomes ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2515664-0
ISSN	2040-3372 ; 2040-3364
ISSN (online)	2040-3372
ISSN	2040-3364
DOI	10.1039/d4nr00278d
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Article: Editorial: Channel Modulation in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection.

Joubert, Jacques / Malan, Sarel F / Geldenhuys, Werner J

Frontiers in pharmacology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 872103

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2587355-6
ISSN	1663-9812
ISSN	1663-9812
DOI	10.3389/fphar.2022.872103
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Article ; Online: Flash nanoprecipitation allows easy fabrication of pH-responsive acetalated dextran nanoparticles for intracellular release of payloads.

Hughes, Krystal A / Misra, Bishal / Maghareh, Maryam / Samart, Parinya / Nguyen, Ethan / Hussain, Salik / Geldenhuys, Werner J / Bobbala, Sharan

Discover nano

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 4

Abstract: Acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) nanoparticles are currently of immense interest due to their sharp pH-responsive nature and high biodegradability. Ac-Dex nanoparticles are often formulated through single- or double-emulsion methods utilizing polyvinyl ... ...

Abstract	Acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) nanoparticles are currently of immense interest due to their sharp pH-responsive nature and high biodegradability. Ac-Dex nanoparticles are often formulated through single- or double-emulsion methods utilizing polyvinyl alcohol as the stabilizer. The emulsion methods utilize toxic organic solvents such as dichloromethane or chloroform and require multi-step processing to form stable Ac-Dex nanoparticles. Here, we introduce a simple flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) approach that utilizes a confined impinging jet mixer and a non-toxic solvent, ethanol, to form Ac-Dex nanoparticles rapidly. Ac-Dex nanoparticles were stabilized using nonionic PEGylated surfactants, D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), or Pluronic (F-127). Ac-Dex nanoparticles formed using FNP were highly monodisperse and stably encapsulated a wide range of payloads, including hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and macromolecules. When lyophilized, Ac-Dex TPGS nanoparticles remained stable for at least one year with greater than 80% payload retention. Ac-Dex nanoparticles were non-toxic to cells and achieved intracellular release of payloads into the cytoplasm. In vivo studies demonstrated a predominant biodistribution of Ac-Dex TPGS nanoparticles in the liver, lungs, and spleen after intravenous administration. Taken together, the FNP technique allows easy fabrication and loading of Ac-Dex nanoparticles that can precisely release payloads into intracellular environments for diverse therapeutic applications. pH-responsive Acetalateddextran can be formulated using nonionic surfactants, such as TPGS or F-127, for intracellular release of payloads. Highly monodisperse and stable nanoparticles can be created through the simple, scalable flash nanoprecipitation technique, which utilizes a confined impingement jet mixer.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2731-9229
ISSN (online)	2731-9229
DOI	10.1186/s11671-023-03947-w
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Article ; Online: Targeting Oxidative Stress Involved in Endometriosis and Its Pain.

Clower, Lauren / Fleshman, Taylor / Geldenhuys, Werner J / Santanam, Nalini

Biomolecules

2022 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder seen in women and is characterized by chronic pelvic pain and infertility. This disorder is becoming more prevalent with increased morbidity. The etiology of endometriosis remains to be fully elucidated, ... ...

Abstract	Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder seen in women and is characterized by chronic pelvic pain and infertility. This disorder is becoming more prevalent with increased morbidity. The etiology of endometriosis remains to be fully elucidated, which will lead to improved therapeutic options. In this review, we will evaluate the biochemical mechanisms leading to oxidative stress and their implication in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, as well as potential treatments that target these processes. A comprehensive exploration of previous research revealed that endometriosis is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species and oxidation products, decreased antioxidants and detoxification enzymes, and dysregulated iron metabolism. High levels of oxidative stress contributed to inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, which may explain its role in endometriosis. Endometriosis-associated pain was attributed to neurogenic inflammation and a feed-forward mechanism involving macrophages, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pain-inducing prostaglandins. N-acetylcysteine, curcumin, melatonin, and combined vitamin C and E supplementation displayed promising results for the treatment of endometriosis, but further research is needed for their use in this population.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/metabolism ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Endometriosis/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Pain ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701262-1
ISSN	2218-273X ; 2218-273X
ISSN (online)	2218-273X
ISSN	2218-273X
DOI	10.3390/biom12081055
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Article ; Online: Targeting myeloperoxidase limits myeloid cell immunosuppression enhancing immune checkpoint therapy for pancreatic cancer.

Basnet, Angisha / Landreth, Kaitlyn M / Nohoesu, Remi / Santiago, Stell P / Geldenhuys, Werner J / Boone, Brian A / Liu, Tracy W

Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII

2024 Volume 73, Issue 3, Page(s) 57

Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease characterized by an extreme resistance to current therapies, including immune checkpoint therapy. The limited success of immunotherapies can be attributed to a highly immunosuppressive pancreatic ... ...

Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease characterized by an extreme resistance to current therapies, including immune checkpoint therapy. The limited success of immunotherapies can be attributed to a highly immunosuppressive pancreatic cancer microenvironment characterized by an extensive infiltration of immune suppressing myeloid cells. While there are several pathways through which myeloid cells contribute to immunosuppression, one important mechanism is the increased production of reactive oxygen species. Here, we evaluated the contribution of myeloperoxidase, a myeloid-lineage restricted enzyme and primary source of reactive oxygen species, to regulate immune checkpoint therapy response in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. We compared treatment outcome, immune composition and characterized myeloid cells using wild-type, myeloperoxidase-deficient, and myeloperoxidase inhibitor treated wild-type mice using established subcutaneous pancreatic cancer models. Loss of host myeloperoxidase and pharmacological inhibition of myeloperoxidase in combination with immune checkpoint therapy significantly delayed tumor growth. The tumor microenvironment and systemic immune landscape demonstrated significant decreases in myeloid cells, exhausted T cells and T regulatory cell subsets when myeloperoxidase was deficient. Loss of myeloperoxidase in isolated myeloid cell subsets from tumor-bearing mice resulted in decreased reactive oxygen species production and T cell suppression. These data suggest that myeloperoxidase contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune checkpoint therapy resistance where myeloperoxidase inhibitors have the potential to enhance immunotherapy response. Repurposing myeloperoxidase specific inhibitors may provide a promising therapeutic strategy to expand therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer patients to include immunotherapies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Myeloid Cells ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Peroxidase/therapeutic use ; Reactive Oxygen Species/therapeutic use ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Mpo protein, mouse (EC 1.11.1.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	195342-4
ISSN	1432-0851 ; 0340-7004
ISSN (online)	1432-0851
ISSN	0340-7004
DOI	10.1007/s00262-024-03647-z
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Article ; Online: The Role of ERO1α in Modulating Cancer Progression and Immune Escape.

Johnson, Brennan D / Geldenhuys, Werner J / Hazlehurst, Lori A

Journal of cancer immunology

2021 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 103–115

Abstract: Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1 alpha (ERO1α) was originally shown to be an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein undergoing oxidative cycles in concert with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) to promote proper protein folding and to maintain ... ...

Abstract	Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin-1 alpha (ERO1α) was originally shown to be an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein undergoing oxidative cycles in concert with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) to promote proper protein folding and to maintain homeostasis within the ER. ERO1α belongs to the flavoprotein family containing a flavin adenine dinucleotide utilized in transferring of electrons during oxidation-reduction cycles. This family is used to maintain redox potentials and protein homeostasis within the ER. ERO1α's location and function has since been shown to exist beyond the ER. Originally thought to exist solely in the ER, it has since been found to exist in the golgi apparatus, as well as in exosomes purified from patient samples. Besides aiding in protein folding of transmembrane and secretory proteins in conjunction with PDI, ERO1α is also known for formation of
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2689-968X
ISSN (online)	2689-968X
DOI	10.33696/cancerimmunol.2.023
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Article ; Online: Crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in the modulation of cardiovascular, including coronary reactive hyperemic response.

Nayeem, Mohammed A / Hanif, Ahmad / Geldenhuys, Werner J / Agba, Stephanie

Pharmacology & therapeutics

2022 Volume 240, Page(s) 108213

Abstract: Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine ... ...

Abstract	Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Hyperemia/metabolism ; Oxylipins/metabolism ; Epoxide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Nucleosides ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids ; Heart ; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/genetics ; Hypertension ; Adenosine
Chemical Substances	Oxylipins ; Epoxide Hydrolases (EC 3.3.2.-) ; Nucleosides ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System (9035-51-2) ; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids ; Arachidonic Acid (27YG812J1I) ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; Adenosine (K72T3FS567)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	194735-7
ISSN	1879-016X ; 0163-7258
ISSN (online)	1879-016X
ISSN	0163-7258
DOI	10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108213
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Zs.A 1183: Show issues

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Article: Dual monoamine oxidase B and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors for treating movement and cognition deficits in a

Boos, Jacob / Shubbar, Ahmed / Geldenhuys, Werner J

Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents

2021 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 1166–1174

Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative movement disorder that leads to loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits. Approaches to neuroprotection and symptom management in PD include use of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) ... ...

Abstract	Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative movement disorder that leads to loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits. Approaches to neuroprotection and symptom management in PD include use of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Many patients with PD also exhibit memory loss in the later stages of disease progression, which is treated with acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors. We sought to identify a dual-mechanism compound that would inhibit both MAO-B and AChE enzymes. Our screen identified a promising compound (7) with balanced MAO-B (IC
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1116702-6
ISSN	1054-2523
ISSN	1054-2523
DOI	10.1007/s00044-021-02720-x
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