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Article: Soil fungal communities reflect aspect-driven environmental structuring and vegetation types in a Pannonian forest landscape

Geml, József

Fungal ecology. 2019 June, v. 39

2019

Abstract: In temperate regions, slope aspect is one of the most influential drivers of environmental conditions at landscape level. The effect of aspect on vegetation has been well studied, but virtually nothing is known about how fungal communities are shaped by ... ...

Abstract	In temperate regions, slope aspect is one of the most influential drivers of environmental conditions at landscape level. The effect of aspect on vegetation has been well studied, but virtually nothing is known about how fungal communities are shaped by aspect-driven environmental conditions. I carried out DNA metabarcoding of fungi from soil samples taken in a selected study area of Pannonian forests in northern Hungary to compare richness and community composition of taxonomic and functional groups of fungi between slopes of predominantly southerly vs. northerly aspect. The deep sequence data presented here (i.e. 980 766 quality-filtered sequences) indicate that both niche (environmental filtering) and neutral (stochastic) processes shape fungal community composition at landscape level. Fungal community composition correlated strongly with aspect, with many fungi showing preference for either south-facing or north-facing slopes. Several taxonomic and functional groups showed significant differences in richness between north- and south-facing slopes and strong compositional differences were observed in all functional groups. The effect of aspect on fungal communities likely is mediated through contrasting mesoclimatic conditions, that in turn influence edaphic processes as well as vegetation. The compositional differences observed in fungi are largely consistent with the coenologically described forest types, which indicates the usefulness of these habitat types as a framework to better understand environmental differences that influence fungal community composition at landscape level. Finally, the data presented here provide unprecedented insights into the diversity and landscape-level community dynamics of fungi in the Pannonian forests.
Keywords	DNA barcoding ; community structure ; environmental factors ; forest types ; fungal communities ; habitats ; landscapes ; soil fungi ; soil sampling ; temperate zones ; Hungary
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Size	p. 63-79.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	1754-5048
DOI	10.1016/j.funeco.2018.12.005
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Abiotic environmental factors drive the diversity, compositional dynamics and habitat preference of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pannonian forest types.

Geml, József / Leal, Carla Mota / Nagy, Richárd / Sulyok, József

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 1007935

Abstract: Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are among the most diverse and dominant fungal groups in temperate forests and are crucial for ecosystem functioning of forests and their resilience toward disturbance. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of ECM fungi from soil ... ...

Abstract	Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are among the most diverse and dominant fungal groups in temperate forests and are crucial for ecosystem functioning of forests and their resilience toward disturbance. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of ECM fungi from soil samples taken at 62 sites in the Bükk Mountains in northern Hungary. The selected sampling sites represent the characteristic Pannonian forest types distributed along elevation (i.e., temperature), pH and slope aspect gradients. We compared richness and community composition of ECM fungi among forest types and explored relationships among environmental variables and ECM fungal alpha and beta diversity. The DNA sequence data generated in this study indicated strong correlations between fungal community composition and environmental variables, particularly with pH and soil moisture, with many ECM fungi showing preference for specific zonal, topographic or edaphic forest types. Several ECM fungal genera showed significant differences in richness among forest types and exhibited strong compositional differences mostly driven by differences in environmental factors. Despite the relatively high proportions of compositional variance explained by the tested environmental variables, a large proportion of the compositional variance remained unexplained, indicating that both niche (environmental filtering) and neutral (stochastic) processes shape ECM fungal community composition at landscape level. Our work provides unprecedented insights into the diversity, landscape-level distribution, and habitat preferences of ECM fungi in the Pannonian forests of Northern Hungary.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007935
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Article ; Online: Mycoparasitism capability and growth inhibition activity of Clonostachys rosea isolates against fungal pathogens of grapevine trunk diseases suggest potential for biocontrol.

Geiger, Adrienn / Karácsony, Zoltán / Geml, József / Váczy, Kálmán Zoltán

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0273985

Abstract: The present study aimed to examine the capability of Clonostachys rosea isolates as a biological control agent against grapevine trunk diseases pathogens. Five C. rosea and 174 pathogenic fungal strains were isolated from grafted grapevines and subjected ...

Abstract	The present study aimed to examine the capability of Clonostachys rosea isolates as a biological control agent against grapevine trunk diseases pathogens. Five C. rosea and 174 pathogenic fungal strains were isolated from grafted grapevines and subjected to in vitro confrontation tests. Efficient antagonism was observed against Eutypa lata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora while mycoparasitism was observed to the pathogens of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe spp. pathogens in in vitro dual culture assays. The conidia production of the C. rosea isolates were also measured on PDA plates. One isolate (19B/1) with high antagonistic capabilities and efficient conidia production was selected for in planta confrontation tests by mixing its conidia with the soil of Cabernet sauvignon grapevine cuttings artificially infected with B. dothidea, E. lata and P. chlamydospora. The length and/or the incidence of necrotic lesions caused by E. lata and P. chlamydospora at the inoculation point were significantly decreased after a three months incubation in the greenhouse on cuttings planted in soils inoculated with the conidia of strain 19B/1, while symptom incidence and severity were unaffected in the case of the pathogen B. dothidea. Based on the above results, we consider C. rosea a promising biological control agent against some grapevine trunk diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Control Agents/pharmacology ; Hypocreales/physiology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control ; Spores, Fungal
Chemical Substances	Biological Control Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273985
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Article: Tundra Type Drives Distinct Trajectories of Functional and Taxonomic Composition of Arctic Fungal Communities in Response to Climate Change - Results From Long-Term Experimental Summer Warming and Increased Snow Depth.

Geml, József / Morgado, Luis N / Semenova-Nelsen, Tatiana A

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 628746

Abstract: The arctic tundra is undergoing climate-driven changes and there are serious concerns related to the future of arctic biodiversity and altered ecological processes under possible climate change scenarios. Arctic land surface temperatures and ... ...

Abstract	The arctic tundra is undergoing climate-driven changes and there are serious concerns related to the future of arctic biodiversity and altered ecological processes under possible climate change scenarios. Arctic land surface temperatures and precipitation are predicted to increase further, likely causing major transformation in terrestrial ecosystems. As a response to increasing temperatures, shifts in vegetation and soil fungal communities have already been observed. Little is known, however, how long-term experimental warming coupled with increased snow depth influence the trajectories of soil fungal communities in different tundra types. We compared edaphic variables and fungal community composition in experimental plots simulating the expected increase in summer warming and winter snow depth, based on DNA metabarcoding data. Fungal communities in the sampled dry and moist acidic tundra communities differed greatly, with tundra type explaining ca. one-third of compositional variation. Furthermore, dry and moist tundra appear to have different trajectories in response to climate change. Specifically, while both warming and increased snow depth had significant effects on fungal community composition and edaphic variables in dry tundra, the effect of increased snow was greater. However, in moist tundra, fungal communities mainly were affected by summer warming, while increased snow depth had a smaller effect and only on some functional groups. In dry tundra, microorganisms generally are limited by moisture in the summer and extremely low temperatures in winter, which is in agreement with the stronger effect of increased snow depth relative to warming. On the contrary, moist tundra soils generally are saturated with water, remain cold year-round and show relatively small seasonal fluctuations in temperature. The greater observed effect of warming on fungi in moist tundra may be explained by the narrower temperature optimum compared to those in dry tundra.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.628746
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Article: Disentangling the effects of

Leal, Carla Mota / Geiger, Adrienn / Molnár, Anna / Váczy, Kálmán Z / Kgobe, Glodia / Zsófi, Zsolt / Geml, József

Frontiers in microbiology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1322559

Abstract: The composition, diversity and dynamics of microbial communities associated with grapevines may be influenced by various environmental factors, ... ...

Abstract	The composition, diversity and dynamics of microbial communities associated with grapevines may be influenced by various environmental factors, including
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1322559
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Article: The Compositional Turnover of Grapevine-Associated Plant Pathogenic Fungal Communities Is Greater Among Intraindividual Microhabitats and Terroirs than Among Healthy and Esca-Diseased Plants

Geiger, Adrienn / Karácsony, Zoltán / Golen, Richard / Váczy, Kálmán Zoltán / Geml, József

Phytopathology. 2022 May, v. 112, no. 5

2022

Abstract: Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a major threat to the wine industry, causing yield loss and dieback of grapevines. While the increasing damage caused by GTDs in recent decades have spurred several studies on grapevine-associated pathogenic fungi, key ...

Abstract	Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a major threat to the wine industry, causing yield loss and dieback of grapevines. While the increasing damage caused by GTDs in recent decades have spurred several studies on grapevine-associated pathogenic fungi, key questions about the emergence and severity of GTDs remain unanswered, including possible differences in plant pathogenic fungal communities in asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines. We generated fungal DNA metabarcoding data from soil, bark, and perennial wood samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines sampled in three terroirs. We observed larger compositional differences in plant pathogenic fungi among different plants parts within grapevine plants than among individual grapevines. This is driven by the dominance of GTD-associated fungi in perennial wood and non-GTD pathogens in soil, as well as by the lack of significant differences among asymptomatic and Esca symptomatic grapevines. These results suggest that fungi generally associated with Esca disease belong to the core grapevine microbiome and likely are commensal endophytes and/or latent saprotrophs, some of which can act as opportunistic pathogens on stressed plants. In addition, we found significant compositional differences among sampling sites, particularly in soil, which suggest a certain influence of local edaphic and mesoclimatic factors on plant pathogenic fungal communities. Furthermore, the observed differences among terroirs in plant pathogenic fungal communities in grapevine woody parts indicate that environmental factors likely are important for the development of Esca disease and further studies are needed to investigate the abiotic conditions on fungal compositional dynamics in Esca-affected plants.
Keywords	DNA barcoding ; Vitis ; bark ; dieback ; endophytes ; microbiome ; plant pathology ; saprotrophs ; soil ; wine industry ; wood
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Size	p. 1029-1035.
Publishing place	The American Phytopathological Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-05-21-0190-R
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Article ; Online: Out of sight, but no longer out of mind - towards an increased recognition of the role of soil microbes in plant speciation.

Geml, József / Wagner, Maggie R

The New phytologist

2018 Volume 217, Issue 3, Page(s) 965–967

MeSH term(s)	Fungi ; Islands ; Mycorrhizae ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.14979
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Article ; Online: Metabarcoding analysis of the soil fungal community to aid the conservation of underexplored church forests in Ethiopia.

Alem, Demelash / Dejene, Tatek / Geml, József / Oria-de-Rueda, Juan Andrés / Martín-Pinto, Pablo

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4817

Abstract: Most of the Dry Afromontane forests in the northern part of Ethiopia are located around church territories and, hence, are called church forests. These forests are biodiversity islands and provide key ecosystem services to local communities. A previous ... ...

Abstract	Most of the Dry Afromontane forests in the northern part of Ethiopia are located around church territories and, hence, are called church forests. These forests are biodiversity islands and provide key ecosystem services to local communities. A previous study of church forest fungal species was based on sporocarp collections. However, to obtain a complete picture of the fungal community, the total fungal community present in the soil needs to be analyzed. This information is important to integrate church forests into global biodiversity conservation strategies and to understand what actions are required to conserve church forests and their biological components, including fungi, which are known for their exceptionally high diversity levels. We assessed soil fungal communities in three church forests using ITS2 rDNA metabarcoding. In total, 5152 fungal operational taxonomic units representing 16 fungal phyla were identified. Saprotrophs followed by ectomycorrhizal fungi and animal pathogens dominated fungal communities. Significant differences in diversity and richness were observed between forests. Non-metric multidimensional scaling confirmed that fungal community composition differed in each forest. The composition was influenced by climatic, edaphic, vegetation, and spatial variables. Linear relationships were found between tree basal area and the abundance of total fungi and trophic groups. Forest management strategies that consider cover, tree density, enrichment plantations of indigenous host tree species, and environmental factors would offer suitable habitats for fungal diversity, production, and function in these forest systems. The application of the baseline information obtained in this study could assist other countries with similar forest conservation issues due to deforestation and forest fragmentation.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Ethiopia ; Forests ; Fungi/genetics ; Mycobiome ; Mycorrhizae/genetics ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Trees
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-08828-3
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Article: The Compositional Turnover of Grapevine-Associated Plant Pathogenic Fungal Communities Is Greater Among Intraindividual Microhabitats and

Geiger, Adrienn / Karácsony, Zoltán / Golen, Richard / Váczy, Kálmán Zoltán / Geml, József

Phytopathology

2022 Volume 112, Issue 5, Page(s) 1029–1035

Abstract	Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a major threat to the wine industry, causing yield loss and dieback of grapevines. While the increasing damage caused by GTDs in recent decades have spurred several studies on grapevine-associated pathogenic fungi, key questions about the emergence and severity of GTDs remain unanswered, including possible differences in plant pathogenic fungal communities in asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines. We generated fungal DNA metabarcoding data from soil, bark, and perennial wood samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines sampled in three
MeSH term(s)	Endophytes ; Fungi/genetics ; Mycobiome ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Soil ; Vitis/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208889-7
ISSN	1943-7684 ; 0031-949X
ISSN (online)	1943-7684
ISSN	0031-949X
DOI	10.1094/PHYTO-05-21-0190-R
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Article: Nitrogen pulses increase fungal pathogens in Amazonian lowland tropical rain forests

Buscardo, Erika / Geml, József / Schmidt, Steven K. / Freitas, Helena / Souza, Anete P. / Cunha, Hillândia B. / Nagy, Laszlo

journal of ecology. 2022 Aug., v. 110, no. 8

2022

Abstract: Animals represent an overlooked source of horizontal redistribution of primary production and concentration of elements in ecosystems. For example, the high nutrient concentration of excretions by animals creates a mosaic of short‐term nutrient hotspots. ...

Abstract	Animals represent an overlooked source of horizontal redistribution of primary production and concentration of elements in ecosystems. For example, the high nutrient concentration of excretions by animals creates a mosaic of short‐term nutrient hotspots. However, how this impacts soil microbial communities, especially fungi, and in turn plant species diversity remains little known. This study quantified the temporal dynamics of soil mineral nitrogen (N) availability and its relationship with soil fungal community and functional group composition in simulated high‐N patches in an Amazonian rain forest. We hypothesised that (H1) changes in local resource dynamics would increase the abundance of pathotrophs and reduce that of saprotrophs and that, (H2) compared with previously reported bacterial community dynamics, fungi would be more resilient after a pulse disturbance event. A single urea pulse was applied and the relationship between fungal community composition and functional groups and soil N availability were determined before and twice after the urea treatment. An increase in mineral N availability and soil pH two months after the applied urea pulse was found to be associated with significant changes in fungal community composition and the abundance of functional groups. There was a notable decrease in the relative abundance of saprotrophs, accompanied by an increase in plant pathogenic fungi. Five months after the treatment, no differences were detected either in mineral N availability and soil pH or the composition of fungal communities and functional groups between the control and urea treatment. Synthesis. By locally favouring the abundance of plant pathogens, temporally short‐lived, but frequent high‐N patches created by animal excretions could potentially be involved in maintaining spatially and temporally variable soil microbial diversity and thus contributing to high plant community diversity in tropical rain forests as predicted by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis. The tendency of soil fungal communities in this study to return to their initial composition after 5 months suggests that they are resilient to perturbation by N pulse, and more so than previously observed in bacterial communities.
Keywords	animals ; bacterial communities ; community structure ; fungal communities ; nitrogen ; nutrient content ; plant communities ; primary productivity ; rain ; saprotrophs ; soil fungi ; soil minerals ; soil pH ; species diversity ; temporal variation ; urea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-08
Size	p. 1775-1789.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	3023-5
ISSN	0022-0477
ISSN	0022-0477
DOI	10.1111/1365-2745.13904
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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