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Article: Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaic Devices: Interface/Bulk Properties and Stability Issues.

Paci, Barbara / Righi Riva, Flavia / Generosi, Amanda / Guaragno, Marco / Mangiacapre, Emanuela / Brutti, Sergio / Wagner, Michael / Distler, Andreas / Egelhaaf, Hans-Joachim

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: In the present work, an insight on the morpho/structural properties of semitransparent organic devices for buildings' integrated photovoltaics is presented, and issues related to interface and bulk stability are addressed. The organic photovoltaic (OPV) ... ...

Abstract	In the present work, an insight on the morpho/structural properties of semitransparent organic devices for buildings' integrated photovoltaics is presented, and issues related to interface and bulk stability are addressed. The organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells under investigation are characterized by a blend of PM6:Y6 as a photo-active layer, a ZnO ETL (electron transporting layer), a HTL (hole transporting layer) of HTL-X and a transparent electrode composed by Ag nanowires (AgNWs). The devices' active nanomaterials, processed as thin films, and their mutual nanoscale interfaces are investigated by a combination of in situ Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectometry (EDXR) and ex situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In order to discriminate among diverse concomitant aging pathways potentially occurring upon working conditions, the effects of different stress factors were investigated: light and temperature. Evidence is gained of an essential structural stability, although an increased roughness at the ZnO/PM6:Y6 interface is deduced by EDXR measurements. On the contrary, an overall stability of the system subjected to thermal stress in the dark was observed, which is a clear indication of the photo-induced origin of the observed degradation phenomenon. Micro-Raman spectroscopy brings light on the origin of such effect, evidencing a photo-oxidation process of the active material in the device, using hygroscopic organic HTL, during continuous illumination in ambient moisture conditions. The process may be also triggered by a photocatalytic role of the ZnO layer. Therefore, an alternative configuration is proposed, where the hygroscopic HTL-X is replaced by the inorganic compound MoOx. The results show that such alternative configuration is stable under light stress (solar simulator), suggesting that the use of Molybdenum Oxide, limiting the photo-oxidation of the bulk PM6:Y6 active material, can prevent the cell from degradation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano14030269
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Multi-Technique Approach for Work Function Exploration of Sc

Mezzi, Alessio / Bolli, Eleonora / Kaciulis, Saulius / Bellucci, Alessandro / Paci, Barbara / Generosi, Amanda / Mastellone, Matteo / Serpente, Valerio / Trucchi, Daniele Maria

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 8

Abstract: Thin films based on scandium oxide ( ... ...

Abstract	Thin films based on scandium oxide (Sc
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano13081430
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Metal-Halide Perovskite Submicrometer-Thick Films for Ultra-Stable Self-Powered Direct X-Ray Detectors.

Girolami, Marco / Matteocci, Fabio / Pettinato, Sara / Serpente, Valerio / Bolli, Eleonora / Paci, Barbara / Generosi, Amanda / Salvatori, Stefano / Di Carlo, Aldo / Trucchi, Daniele M

Nano-micro letters

2024 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 182

Abstract: Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors, due to the development of sensitive, fast, and cost-effective devices. Self-powered operation, ensuring portability and low power consumption, has also been recently demonstrated ... ...

Abstract	Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors, due to the development of sensitive, fast, and cost-effective devices. Self-powered operation, ensuring portability and low power consumption, has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films. However, the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours, often reporting degradation of the detection performance. Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors, fabricated starting from a FAPbBr
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2642093-4
ISSN	2150-5551 ; 2150-5551
ISSN (online)	2150-5551
ISSN	2150-5551
DOI	10.1007/s40820-024-01393-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Evidence of

Garagnani, David / De Padova, Paola / Ottaviani, Carlo / Quaresima, Claudio / Generosi, Amanda / Paci, Barbara / Olivieri, Bruno / Jałochowski, Mieczysław / Krawiec, Mariusz

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 15, Issue 5

Abstract: One-monolayer (ML) (thin) and 5-ML (thick) Si films were grown on the α-phase Si(111)√3 × √3R30°-Bi at a low substrate temperature of 200 °C. Si films have been studied in situ by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and Auger electron ... ...

Abstract	One-monolayer (ML) (thin) and 5-ML (thick) Si films were grown on the α-phase Si(111)√3 × √3R30°-Bi at a low substrate temperature of 200 °C. Si films have been studied in situ by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and Auger electron spectroscopy, as a function of the electron beam incidence angle α and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), as well as ex situ by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) were also reported. The REELS spectra, taken at the Si K absorption edge (~1.840 KeV), reveal the presence of two distinct loss structures attributed to transitions 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma15051730
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Influence of Temperature, Pressure, and Humidity on the Stabilities and Transition Kinetics of the Various Polymorphs of FAPbI₃

Cordero, Francesco / Craciun, Floriana / Trequattrini, Francesco / Generosi, Amanda / Paci, Barbara / Paoletti, Anna Maria / Zanotti, Gloria

Journal of physical chemistry. 2020 Sept. 29, v. 124, no. 42

2020

Abstract: The phase transitions between the various polymorphs of FAPbI₃ (FAPI, FA = formamidinium [CH(NH₂)₂]⁺) are studied by anelastic, dielectric, and X-ray diffraction measurements on samples pressed from δ-FAPI (2H phase) yellow powder. The samples become ... ...

Abstract	The phase transitions between the various polymorphs of FAPbI₃ (FAPI, FA = formamidinium [CH(NH₂)₂]⁺) are studied by anelastic, dielectric, and X-ray diffraction measurements on samples pressed from δ-FAPI (2H phase) yellow powder. The samples become orange after application of as little as 0.2 GPa, which has been explained in terms of partial transformations to the other hexagonal polymorphs 4H and 6H. The phenomenon is discussed in the light of what is known about the stability of the various polymorphs of hybrid and inorganic perovskites ABX₃ with large A cations and hence a large tolerance factor t. Remarkably, FAPI at room and higher temperatures behaves like a perovskite with a large t, while just below room temperature it behaves like a perovskite with a small t. The kinetics of the transformations between the polymorphs is enhanced by small amounts of intercalated water. It seems therefore worthy to try improving the atomic diffusion and crystallization during synthesis, and hence the final photovoltaic performance, through controlled small amounts of water that should be thoroughly removed after a sufficiently homogeneous and smooth microstructure is achieved.
Keywords	X-ray diffraction ; ambient temperature ; crystallization ; humidity ; microstructure
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0929
Size	p. 22972-22980.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	1932-7455
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06342
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Easy Strategy to Enhance Thermal Stability of Planar PSCs by Perovskite Defect Passivation and Low-Temperature Carbon-Based Electrode.

Calabrò, Emanuele / Matteocci, Fabio / Paci, Barbara / Cinà, Lucio / Vesce, Luigi / Barichello, Jessica / Generosi, Amanda / Reale, Andrea / Di Carlo, Aldo

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2020 Volume 12, Issue 29, Page(s) 32536–32547

Abstract: Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite has recently emerged as an efficient absorber material for solution process photovoltaic (PV) technology, with certified efficiency exceeding 25%. The development of low-temperature (LT) processing is a ... ...

Abstract	Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite has recently emerged as an efficient absorber material for solution process photovoltaic (PV) technology, with certified efficiency exceeding 25%. The development of low-temperature (LT) processing is a challenging topic for decreasing the energy payback time of perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. In this context, the LT planar n-i-p architecture meets all the requirements in terms of efficiency, scalability, and processability. However, the long-term stability of the LT planar PSC under heat and moisture stress conditions has not been carefully assessed. Here, a detailed study on thermal and moisture stability of large-area (1 cm
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.0c05878
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Easy Strategy to Enhance Thermal Stability of Planar PSCs by Perovskite Defect Passivation and Low-Temperature Carbon-Based Electrode

Calabrò, Emanuele / Matteocci, Fabio / Paci, Barbara / Cinà, Lucio / Vesce, Luigi / Barichello, Jessica / Generosi, Amanda / Reale, Andrea / Di Carlo, Aldo

ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2020 June 26, v. 12, no. 29 p.32536-32547

2020

Abstract: Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite has recently emerged as an efficient absorber material for solution process photovoltaic (PV) technology, with certified efficiency exceeding 25%. The development of low-temperature (LT) processing is a ... ...

Abstract	Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite has recently emerged as an efficient absorber material for solution process photovoltaic (PV) technology, with certified efficiency exceeding 25%. The development of low-temperature (LT) processing is a challenging topic for decreasing the energy payback time of perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. In this context, the LT planar n–i–p architecture meets all the requirements in terms of efficiency, scalability, and processability. However, the long-term stability of the LT planar PSC under heat and moisture stress conditions has not been carefully assessed. Here, a detailed study on thermal and moisture stability of large-area (1 cm²) LT planar PSCs is presented. In particular, the key role in thermal stability of potassium iodide (KI) insertion in the perovskite composition is demonstrated. It is found that defect passivation of triple-cation perovskite by KI doping inhibits the halide migration induced by thermal stress at 85 °C and delays the formation of degradation subproducts. T80, defined as the time when the cell retains 80% of initial efficiency, is evaluated both for reference undoped devices and KI-doped ones. The results show that T80 increases 3 times when KI doping is used. Moreover, an HTL-free architecture where the Au top electrode is replaced with low-T screen-printable carbon paste is proposed. The combination of the carbon-based HTL-free architecture and KI-doped perovskite permits T80 to increase from 40 to 414 h in unsealed devices.
Keywords	carbon ; electrodes ; energy ; gold ; heat ; heat stress ; lead ; potassium iodide ; solar cells ; thermal stability ; Perovskite ; Planar ; Low temperature ; Large area ; Carbon electrode
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0626
Size	p. 32536-32547.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.0c05878
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Impact of P3HT Regioregularity and Molecular Weight on the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Yaghoobi Nia, Narges / Bonomo, Matteo / Zendehdel, Mahmoud / Lamanna, Enrico / Desoky, Mohamed M. H / Paci, Barbara / Zurlo, Francesca / Generosi, Amanda / Barolo, Claudia / Viscardi, Guido / Quagliotto, Pierluigi / Di Carlo, Aldo

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering. 2021 Apr. 01, v. 9, no. 14

2021

Abstract: The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has seen an important limitation in the instability that afflicts the hole-transporting layer (HTL), namely, spiro-OMeTAD, used in high-efficiency devices. The latter is, in turn, relatively ... ...

Abstract	The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has seen an important limitation in the instability that afflicts the hole-transporting layer (HTL), namely, spiro-OMeTAD, used in high-efficiency devices. The latter is, in turn, relatively expensive, undermining the sustainability of the device. Its replacement with polymeric scaffolds, such as poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), will solve these issues. In this work, we adopted various sustainable synthetic methods to obtain four different homemade P3HTs with different molecular weights (MWs) and regioregularities (RRs), leading to different structural properties. They are implemented as HTLs in PSCs, and the effect of their properties on the efficiency and thermal stability of devices is thoroughly discussed. The highest efficiency is obtained with the highest MW and low-RR polymer (17.6%) owing to the more sustainable approach, but a very promising value is also reached with a lower-MW but fully regioregular polymer (15%). Finally, large-area devices with an efficiency of 16.7%, fabricated with a high-MW P3HT, show more than 1000 h (T80 = 1108 h) of stability under accelerated thermal stress tests (85 °C) out of glovebox while keeping over 85% of the initial efficiency of an unencapsulated device after more than 3000 min under continuous light soaking (AM 1.5G).
Keywords	commercialization ; green chemistry ; molecular weight ; polymers ; thermal stability ; thermal stress
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0401
Size	p. 5061-5073.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	2168-0485
DOI	10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c09015
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Stability of Cubic FAPbI

Cordero, Francesco / Craciun, Floriana / Trequattrini, Francesco / Generosi, Amanda / Paci, Barbara / Paoletti, Anna Maria / Pennesi, Giovanna

The journal of physical chemistry letters

2019 Volume 10, Issue 10, Page(s) 2463–2469

Abstract: Among the hybrid metal-organic perovskites for photovoltaic applications, ... ...

Abstract	Among the hybrid metal-organic perovskites for photovoltaic applications, FAPbI
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1948-7185
ISSN (online)	1948-7185
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00896
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Enhanced Stability of Aluminum Nanoparticle-Doped Organic Solar Cells

Sygletou, Maria / Generosi Amanda / Kakavelakis George / Kymakis Emmanuel / Paci Barbara / Stratakis Emmanuel

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2015 Aug. 19, v. 7, no. 32

2015

Abstract: Enhancement of the stability of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is reported by the addition of surfactant-free aluminum (Al) nanoparticles (NPs) into the photoactive layer. The universality of the effect is demonstrated for ... ...

Abstract	Enhancement of the stability of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is reported by the addition of surfactant-free aluminum (Al) nanoparticles (NPs) into the photoactive layer. The universality of the effect is demonstrated for two different BHJ systems, namely, the well-studied poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) as well as the high efficient poly[N-9â²-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4â²,7â²-di-2-thienyl-2â²,1â²,3â²-benzothiadiazole)]:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PCââBM). It is shown that the lifetime of the devices with Al NPs, operating under continuous one-sun illumination in ambient conditions, is more than three times longer compared to the reference devices. Using complementary analytical techniques for in situ studies, we have explored the underlying mechanisms behind the observed stability improvement in the case of the P3HT:PCBM system. In particular, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), photoluminescence decay and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy experiments were performed and complemented with device degradation electrical measurements. It is found that the embedded Al NPs act as performance stabilizers, giving rise to enhanced structural stability of the active blend. Furthermore, it is revealed that the observed improvement can also be ascribed to NP-mediated mitigation of the photo-oxidation effect. This study addresses a major issue in OPV devices, that is, photoinduced stability, indicating that the exploitation of Al NPs could be a successful approach toward fabricating OPVs exhibiting long-term operating lifetimes.
Keywords	aluminum ; fluorescence ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; lighting ; nanoparticles ; photoluminescence ; photooxidation ; photovoltaic cells ; stabilizers
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0819
Size	p. 17756-17764.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021%2Facsami.5b03970
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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