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  1. Article ; Online: Direct quantification of autophagic flux by a single molecule-based probe.

    Geng, Jiefei / Klionsky, Daniel J

    Autophagy

    2017  Volume 13, Issue 4, Page(s) 639–641

    Abstract: Macroautophagy/autophagy remains a rapidly advancing research topic, and there continues to be a need for constantly evolving methodology to investigate this pathway at each individual step. Accordingly, new assays to measure autophagic flux in a robust ... ...

    Abstract Macroautophagy/autophagy remains a rapidly advancing research topic, and there continues to be a need for constantly evolving methodology to investigate this pathway at each individual step. Accordingly, new assays to measure autophagic flux in a robust and reliable manner are essential to understand the mechanism and physiological roles of autophagy. Kaizuka et al. recently reported a new fluorescence probe, GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG to directly demonstrate autophagic flux without being combined with lysosomal inhibitors (see the Kaizuka et al. punctum in this issue of the journal). When expressed in cells, the probe is cleaved into a degradable/quenchable part, GFP-LC3, and stable/cytosolic part, RFP-LC3ΔG. The latter serves as an internal control and a decrease of the GFP:RFP ratio indicates the occurrence of autophagy. Since the key index of this probe is the degradation of GFP-LC3, it can be used to measure the cumulative effect of basal autophagy. The assay is applicable to high-throughput drug discovery as well as in vivo analysis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2454135-7
    ISSN 1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1554-8635
    ISSN 1554-8627
    DOI 10.1080/15548627.2017.1280646
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: An immune-based tool platform for in vivo cell clearance.

    Zhang, Jieqiong / Tsukui, Tatsuya / Wu, Xiumin / Brito, Alyssa / Trumble, John Maxwell / Caraballo, Juan C / Allen, Greg M / Zavala-Solorio, José / Zhang, Chunlian / Paw, Jonathan / Lim, Wendell A / Geng, Jiefei / Kutskova, Yuliya / Freund, Adam / Kolumam, Ganesh / Sheppard, Dean / Cohen, Robert L

    Life science alliance

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 8

    Abstract: Immunological targeting of pathological cells has been successful in oncology and is expanding to other pathobiological contexts. Here, we present a flexible platform that allows labeling cells of interest with the surface-expressed model antigen ... ...

    Abstract Immunological targeting of pathological cells has been successful in oncology and is expanding to other pathobiological contexts. Here, we present a flexible platform that allows labeling cells of interest with the surface-expressed model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), which can be eliminated via either antigen-specific T cells or newly developed OVA antibodies. We demonstrate that hepatocytes can be effectively targeted by either modality. In contrast, pro-fibrotic fibroblasts associated with pulmonary fibrosis are only eliminated by T cells in initial experiments, which reduced collagen deposition in a fibrosis model. This new experimental platform will facilitate development of immune-based approaches to clear potential pathological cell types in vivo.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antibodies ; Fibroblasts ; Hepatocytes ; Kinetics ; Pulmonary Fibrosis
    Chemical Substances Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2575-1077
    ISSN (online) 2575-1077
    DOI 10.26508/lsa.202201869
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Golgi as a potential membrane source for autophagy.

    Geng, Jiefei / Klionsky, Daniel J

    Autophagy

    2010  Volume 6, Issue 7, Page(s) 950–951

    Abstract: In macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a morphological hallmark is the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that sequester and deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process begins with an ... ...

    Abstract In macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a morphological hallmark is the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that sequester and deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process begins with an initial sequestering compartment, the phagophore, which expands into the mature autophagosome. A tremendous amount of work has been carried out to elucidate the mechanism of how the autophagosome is formed. However, an important missing piece in this puzzle is where the membrane comes from. Independent lines of evidence have shown that preexisting organelles may continuously supply lipids to support autophagosome formation. In our analysis, we identified several components of the late stage secretory pathway that may redirect Golgi-derived membrane to autophagosome formation in response to starvation conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagy/physiology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/ultrastructure ; Protein Transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Secretory Pathway/physiology
    Chemical Substances Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2454135-7
    ISSN 1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1554-8635
    ISSN 1554-8627
    DOI 10.4161/auto.6.7.13009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Determining Atg protein stoichiometry at the phagophore assembly site by fluorescence microscopy.

    Geng, Jiefei / Klionsky, Daniel J

    Autophagy

    2009  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 144–147

    Abstract: In eukaryotic cells, autophagy is a lysosomal/ vacuolar degradative pathway necessary for the turnover of different macromolecules. Autophagy is under precise regulation, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively, and excess or reduced levels of ... ...

    Abstract In eukaryotic cells, autophagy is a lysosomal/ vacuolar degradative pathway necessary for the turnover of different macromolecules. Autophagy is under precise regulation, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively, and excess or reduced levels of autophagy may lead to various human diseases. In yeast, genetic screens led to the identification of more than 30 autophagy-related (ATG) genes, and most of the gene products reside at the phagophore assembly site (PAS). However, our attempt to understand the quantitative properties of autophagy is usually hampered, because traditional methods of analysis cannot provide stoichiometric information. We have recently used a fluorescence microscopy-based method to study the stoichiometry of Atg proteins at the PAS, trying to explain the mechanism of how the vesicle formation process is precisely regulated. This article describes a practical guide on this method. Its application and further analysis will improve our understanding of the quantitative properties of autophagy.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/analysis ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Autophagy/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Phagosomes/chemistry ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/analysis ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/analysis ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Yeasts
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-11-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2454135-7
    ISSN 1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1554-8635
    ISSN 1554-8627
    DOI 10.4161/auto.6.1.10249
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The Atg8 and Atg12 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems in macroautophagy. 'Protein modifications: beyond the usual suspects' review series.

    Geng, Jiefei / Klionsky, Daniel J

    EMBO reports

    2008  Volume 9, Issue 9, Page(s) 859–864

    Abstract: As a lysosomal/vacuolar degradative pathway that is conserved in eukaryotic organisms, autophagy mediates the turnover of long-lived proteins and excess or aberrant organelles. The main characteristic of autophagy is the formation of a double-membrane ... ...

    Abstract As a lysosomal/vacuolar degradative pathway that is conserved in eukaryotic organisms, autophagy mediates the turnover of long-lived proteins and excess or aberrant organelles. The main characteristic of autophagy is the formation of a double-membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, which envelops part of the cytoplasm and delivers it to the lysosome/vacuole for breakdown and eventual recycling of the degradation products. Among the approximately 30 autophagy-related (Atg) genes identified so far, there are two ubiquitin-like proteins, Atg12 and Atg8. Analogous to ubiquitination, Atg12 is conjugated to Atg5 by Atg7--an E1-like protein--and Atg10--an E2-like protein. Similarly, Atg7 and Atg3 are the respective E1-like and E2-like proteins that mediate the conjugation of Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine. Both Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8 localize to the developing autophagosome. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate facilitates the lipidation of Atg8 and directs its correct subcellular localization. Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine is probably a scaffold protein that supports membrane expansion and the amount present correlates with the size of autophagosomes.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autophagy/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/physiology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ubiquitin/chemistry ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/physiology
    Chemical Substances Protein Isoforms ; Ubiquitin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-08-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2020896-0
    ISSN 1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
    ISSN (online) 1469-3178
    ISSN 1469-221X
    DOI 10.1038/embor.2008.163
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Quantitative regulation of vesicle formation in yeast nonspecific autophagy.

    Geng, Jiefei / Klionsky, Daniel J

    Autophagy

    2008  Volume 4, Issue 7, Page(s) 955–957

    Abstract: In eukaryotic cells, autophagy is a degradative pathway necessary for the turnover of bulk cytoplasm. In yeast, this pathway also mediates the specific transport of a vacuolar hydrolase zymogen, precursor aminopeptidase (prApe1), from the cytoplasm to ... ...

    Abstract In eukaryotic cells, autophagy is a degradative pathway necessary for the turnover of bulk cytoplasm. In yeast, this pathway also mediates the specific transport of a vacuolar hydrolase zymogen, precursor aminopeptidase (prApe1), from the cytoplasm to the vacuole. Autophagy is under precise regulation, not only qualitatively but also quantitatively, especially in the steps involved in the vesicle formation process. We have recently used a fluorescence microscopy-based method to study the stoichiometry of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins during different conditions. This analysis shows that increased expression of Atg11 in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway increases the amount of this protein localized at the phagophore assembly site (PAS). In turn, under nutrient-rich conditions, the increased level of Atg11 causes the recruitment of higher than normal levels of Atg8 and Atg9 to the PAS, resulting in the formation of more Cvt vesicles, whereas the vesicle size is not affected. Combined with results from previous studies in starvation conditions, in this addendum we discuss the possible role of Atg8 and Atg9 in quantitatively regulating the vesicle formation process.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagy ; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family ; Autophagy-Related Proteins ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Vacuoles/metabolism ; Vacuoles/physiology ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances ATG8 protein, S cerevisiae ; ATG9 protein, S cerevisiae ; Atg11 protein, S cerevisiae ; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family ; Autophagy-Related Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-10-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2454135-7
    ISSN 1554-8635 ; 1554-8627
    ISSN (online) 1554-8635
    ISSN 1554-8627
    DOI 10.4161/auto.6791
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Synergistic effect of a novel autophagy inhibitor and Quizartinib enhances cancer cell death.

    Ouchida, Amanda Tomie / Li, Yingbo / Geng, Jiefei / Najafov, Ayaz / Ofengeim, Dimitry / Sun, Xiaoxiao / Yu, Qiang / Yuan, Junying

    Cell death & disease

    2018  Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 138

    Abstract: Drug combinations have been increasingly applied in chemotherapy as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. The appropriate drug combinations may achieve synergistic effects beyond monotherapies alone. AC220 (Quizartinib), an FLT3 ... ...

    Abstract Drug combinations have been increasingly applied in chemotherapy as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment. The appropriate drug combinations may achieve synergistic effects beyond monotherapies alone. AC220 (Quizartinib), an FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, developed for the treatment of AML, has been tested in phase II human clinical trials. However, AC220 as a monotherapy is not efficacious enough. In this study, we performed a small-molecule screening of 12 640 compounds in order to find a compound that increase the AC220 efficacy in chemotherapy. We identified that TAK-165, a HER2 inhibitor, even when used at low nanomolar doses in combination with AC220, was able to induce cell death in different cancer cells, but not in non-cancer cell lines. We showed that TAK-165 and AC220 act synergistically to downregulate key signaling pathways and potently induce cancer cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TAK-165 inhibited autophagy in a HER2-independent manner. Finally, we showed that the combination of TAK-165 and AC220 induced cell death in cancer cells through the activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy. Overall, these findings support the strategy for using AC220 and an autophagy inhibitor such as TAK-165 in a combinatorial treatment to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Apoptosis/drug effects ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Benzothiazoles/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Oxazoles/chemistry ; Oxazoles/pharmacology ; Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Triazoles/chemistry ; Triazoles/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Benzothiazoles ; Oxazoles ; Phenylurea Compounds ; TAK-165 ; Triazoles ; quizartinib (7LA4O6Q0D3) ; ERBB2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2541626-1
    ISSN 2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
    ISSN (online) 2041-4889
    ISSN 2041-4889
    DOI 10.1038/s41419-017-0170-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Post-Golgi Sec proteins are required for autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Geng, Jiefei / Nair, Usha / Yasumura-Yorimitsu, Kyoko / Klionsky, Daniel J

    Molecular biology of the cell

    2010  Volume 21, Issue 13, Page(s) 2257–2269

    Abstract: In eukaryotic cells, autophagy mediates the degradation of cytosolic contents in response to environmental change. Genetic analyses in fungi have identified over 30 autophagy-related (ATG) genes and provide substantial insight into the molecular ... ...

    Abstract In eukaryotic cells, autophagy mediates the degradation of cytosolic contents in response to environmental change. Genetic analyses in fungi have identified over 30 autophagy-related (ATG) genes and provide substantial insight into the molecular mechanism of this process. However, one essential issue that has not been resolved is the origin of the lipids that form the autophagosome, the sequestering vesicle that is critical for autophagy. Here, we report that two post-Golgi proteins, Sec2 and Sec4, are required for autophagy. Sec4 is a Rab family GTPase, and Sec2 is its guanine nucleotide exchange factor. In sec2 and sec4 conditional mutant yeast, the anterograde movement of Atg9, a proposed membrane carrier, is impaired during starvation conditions. Similarly, in the sec2 mutant, Atg8 is inefficiently recruited to the phagophore assembly site, which is involved in autophagosome biogenesis, resulting in the generation of fewer autophagosomes. We propose that following autophagy induction the function of Sec2 and Sec4 are diverted to direct membrane flow to autophagosome formation.
    MeSH term(s) Autophagy/physiology ; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family ; Autophagy-Related Proteins ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phagosomes/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances ATG8 protein, S cerevisiae ; ATG9 protein, S cerevisiae ; Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family ; Autophagy-Related Proteins ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Membrane Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; SEC2 protein, S cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; SEC4 protein, S cerevisiae (EC 3.6.1.-.) ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-05-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1098979-1
    ISSN 1939-4586 ; 1059-1524
    ISSN (online) 1939-4586
    ISSN 1059-1524
    DOI 10.1091/mbc.E09-11-0969
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Regulation of a distinct activated RIPK1 intermediate bridging complex I and complex II in TNFα-mediated apoptosis.

    Amin, Palak / Florez, Marcus / Najafov, Ayaz / Pan, Heling / Geng, Jiefei / Ofengeim, Dimitry / Dziedzic, Slawomir A / Wang, Huibing / Barrett, Vica Jean / Ito, Yasushi / LaVoie, Matthew J / Yuan, Junying

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2018  Volume 115, Issue 26, Page(s) E5944–E5953

    Abstract: Stimulation of cells with TNFα can promote distinct cell death pathways, including RIPK1-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA)-the latter of which we still know little about. Here we show that RDA involves the rapid ... ...

    Abstract Stimulation of cells with TNFα can promote distinct cell death pathways, including RIPK1-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA)-the latter of which we still know little about. Here we show that RDA involves the rapid formation of a distinct detergent-insoluble, highly ubiquitinated, and activated RIPK1 pool, termed "iuRIPK1." iuRIPK1 forms after RIPK1 activation in TNF-receptor-associated complex I, and before cytosolic complex II formation and caspase activation. To identify regulators of iuRIPK1 formation and RIPK1 activation in RDA, we conducted a targeted siRNA screen of 1,288 genes. We found that NEK1, whose loss-of-function mutations have been identified in 3% of ALS patients, binds to activated RIPK1 and restricts RDA by negatively regulating formation of iuRIPK1, while LRRK2, a kinase implicated in Parkinson's disease, promotes RIPK1 activation and association with complex I in RDA. Further, the E3 ligases APC11 and c-Cbl promote RDA, and c-Cbl is recruited to complex I in RDA, where it promotes prodeath K63-ubiquitination of RIPK1 to lead to iuRIPK1 formation. Finally, we show that two different modes of necroptosis induction by TNFα exist which are differentially regulated by iuRIPK1 formation. Overall, this work reveals a distinct mechanism of RIPK1 activation that mediates the signaling mechanism of RDA as well as a type of necroptosis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2/genetics ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
    Chemical Substances Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2 (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Lrrk2 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Ripk1 protein, mouse (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Cbl protein, mouse (EC 6.3.2.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1806973115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Modulating TRADD to restore cellular homeostasis and inhibit apoptosis.

    Xu, Daichao / Zhao, Heng / Jin, Minzhi / Zhu, Hong / Shan, Bing / Geng, Jiefei / Dziedzic, Slawomir A / Amin, Palak / Mifflin, Lauren / Naito, Masanori Gomi / Najafov, Ayaz / Xing, Jing / Yan, Lingjie / Liu, Jianping / Qin, Ying / Hu, Xinqian / Wang, Huibing / Zhang, Mengmeng / Manuel, Vica Jean /
    Tan, Li / He, Zhuohao / Sun, Zhenyu J / Lee, Virginia M Y / Wagner, Gerhard / Yuan, Junying

    Nature

    2020  Volume 587, Issue 7832, Page(s) 133–138

    Abstract: Cell death in human diseases is often a consequence of disrupted cellular homeostasis. If cell death is prevented without restoring cellular homeostasis, it may lead to a persistent dysfunctional and pathological state. Although mechanisms of cell death ... ...

    Abstract Cell death in human diseases is often a consequence of disrupted cellular homeostasis. If cell death is prevented without restoring cellular homeostasis, it may lead to a persistent dysfunctional and pathological state. Although mechanisms of cell death have been thoroughly investigated
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism ; Beclin-1/chemistry ; Beclin-1/metabolism ; Bortezomib/antagonists & inhibitors ; Bortezomib/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Huntingtin Protein/metabolism ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/metabolism ; Proteome/metabolism ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein/antagonists & inhibitors ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein/chemistry ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein/deficiency ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism ; tau Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Beclin-1 ; Huntingtin Protein ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Proteome ; TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; alpha-Synuclein ; tau Proteins ; Bortezomib (69G8BD63PP) ; Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2757-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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