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Article ; Online: Human social neuroendocrinology: Review of the rapid effects of testosterone.

Geniole, Shawn N / Carré, Justin M

2018 Volume 104, Page(s) 192–205

Abstract: Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. It is well documented that testosterone concentrations change rapidly within reproductively relevant contexts (e.g., competition, mate-seeking). It has been argued that such rapid changes in ... ...

Abstract	Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. It is well documented that testosterone concentrations change rapidly within reproductively relevant contexts (e.g., competition, mate-seeking). It has been argued that such rapid changes in testosterone may serve to adaptively fine-tune ongoing and/or future social behaviour according to one's social environment. In this paper, we review human correlational and experimental evidence suggesting that testosterone fluctuates rapidly in response to competition and mate-seeking cues, and that such acute changes may serve to modulate ongoing and/or future social behaviours (e.g., risk-taking, competitiveness, mate-seeking, and aggression). Some methodological details, which limit interpretation of some of this human work, are also discussed. We conclude with a new integrative model of testosterone secretion and behaviour, the Fitness Model of Testosterone Dynamics. Although we focus primarily on human aggression in this review, we also highlight research on risk-taking, competitiveness, and mate-seeking behaviour.
MeSH term(s)	Aggression/drug effects ; Competitive Behavior/drug effects ; Cues ; Humans ; Marriage ; Neuroendocrinology/trends ; Reproduction/drug effects ; Sexual Partners ; Social Behavior ; Social Environment ; Testosterone/pharmacology ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	214409-8
ISSN	1095-6867 ; 0018-506X
ISSN (online)	1095-6867
ISSN	0018-506X
DOI	10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.06.001
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Article: Preliminary evidence that brief exposure to vaccination-related internet memes may influence intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19.

Geniole, Shawn N / Bird, Brian M / Witzel, Alayna / McEvoy, Jordan T / Proietti, Valentina

Computers in human behavior

2022 Volume 131, Page(s) 107218

Abstract: Despite global efforts to rapidly distribute COVID-19 vaccines, early estimates suggested that 29-35% of the population were hesitant/unwilling to receive them. Countering such vaccine hesitancy is thus an important priority. Across two sets of online ... ...

Abstract	Despite global efforts to rapidly distribute COVID-19 vaccines, early estimates suggested that 29-35% of the population were hesitant/unwilling to receive them. Countering such vaccine hesitancy is thus an important priority. Across two sets of online studies (total
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	52665-4
ISSN	0747-5632
ISSN	0747-5632
DOI	10.1016/j.chb.2022.107218
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Article: Neural activity during provocation and aggressive responses in people from different social classes

Chen, Bing / Wu, Xin / Geniole, Shawn N. / Ge, Qiqi / Chen, Qi / Zhao, Yufang

Current Psychology

2023 Volume 42, Issue 7, Page(s) 5996–6010

Abstract: This study examined neural activity during provocation and aggressive responses among people from different social classes. Participants completed the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared ... ...

Title translation	Neuronale Aktivität während Provokation und aggressive Reaktionen bei Menschen aus verschiedenen sozialen Schichten
Abstract	This study examined neural activity during provocation and aggressive responses among people from different social classes. Participants completed the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to high-class participants, low-class participants behaved more aggressively and exhibited greater activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during provocation and greater activity in the insula and striatum during aggressive responses. The relationship between social class and aggression was moderated by OFC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity to provocation; that is, low-class participants behaved more aggressively than high-class participants when OFC/ACC activity was relatively low. However, this difference was not significant when OFC/ACC activity was higher. Our findings suggest that low-class individuals display higher neural sensitivity during social provocation and aggressive responses than high-class individuals. These results promote future research on the relationship between social class and aggression. (c) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media
Keywords	Aggressionsverhalten ; Aggressive Behavior ; Aggressiveness ; Aggressivität (Persönlichkeit) ; Anger ; Cingulate Cortex ; Cingulärer Kortex ; Inselkortex ; Insula ; Orbitofrontal Cortex ; Orbitofrontaler Kortex ; Social Class ; Soziale Schicht ; Striatum ; Ärger
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2021598-8
ISSN	1936-4733 ; 1046-1310
ISSN (online)	1936-4733
ISSN	1046-1310
DOI	10.1007/s12144-021-01925-y
Database	PSYNDEX

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Article ; Online: Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship between Social Identification and Testosterone Reactivity to Vicarious Combat.

Casto, Kathleen V / Root, Zach L / Geniole, Shawn N / Carré, Justin M / Bruner, Mark W

Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)

2021 Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 509–527

Abstract: Testosterone (T) fluctuates in response to competitive social interactions, with the direction of change typically depending on factors such as contest outcome. Watching a competition may be sufficient to activate T among fans and others who are invested ...

Abstract	Testosterone (T) fluctuates in response to competitive social interactions, with the direction of change typically depending on factors such as contest outcome. Watching a competition may be sufficient to activate T among fans and others who are invested in the outcome. This study explores the change in T associated with vicarious experiences of competition among combat sport athletes viewing a teammate win or lose and assesses how individual differences in social identification with one's team relates to these patterns of T reactivity. Twenty-six male combat athletes completed a social identity questionnaire on a neutral day. Later, salivary samples (assayed for T) were obtained before and after athletes viewed a video of a teammate engaged in a formal contest. T reactivity to viewing a teammate compete varied among participants in both the magnitude and direction of change, independent of contest outcome. Individual differences in cognitive centrality, a core feature of social identification, showed a strong positive relationship with T reactivity, particularly if their teammate won. Initial findings suggest that dominance-linked androgen responses associated with watching a teammate win a competition might depend on the belief that team membership is central to one's own identity. These exploratory results in a small sample of combat athletes should be interpreted with caution. Uncovering the role of social group dynamics in influencing T responses to competition is particularly important in light of the evolutionary history of coalitional combat in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Competitive Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Saliva ; Social Identification ; Sports ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Testosterone
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1020326-6
ISSN	1936-4776 ; 1045-6767
ISSN (online)	1936-4776
ISSN	1045-6767
DOI	10.1007/s12110-021-09407-7
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Article ; Online: Not giving up: Testosterone promotes persistence against a stronger opponent.

Kutlikova, Hana H / Geniole, Shawn N / Eisenegger, Christoph / Lamm, Claus / Jocham, Gerhard / Studer, Bettina

Psychoneuroendocrinology

2021 Volume 128, Page(s) 105214

Abstract: Recent research suggests that when we lack a sense of control, we are prone to motivational failures and early quitting in competitions. Testosterone, on the other hand, is thought to boost competitiveness. Here we investigate the interaction between ... ...

Abstract	Recent research suggests that when we lack a sense of control, we are prone to motivational failures and early quitting in competitions. Testosterone, on the other hand, is thought to boost competitiveness. Here we investigate the interaction between these factors, testing the testosterone's potential to enhance persistence in a competition against a stronger opponent, depending on experimentally manipulated perceived control. Healthy participants were administered a single dose of testosterone or placebo. They first underwent a task designed to either induce low or high perceived control and then entered a costly competition against a progressively stronger opponent that they could quit at any time. In the placebo group, men with low perceived control quitted twice as early as those with high perceived control. Testosterone countered this effect, making individuals with low control persist in the competition for as long as those with high perceived control, and did so also despite raising participants' explicit awareness of the opponents' advantage. This psychoendocrinological effect was not modulated by basal cortisol levels, CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene, or trait dominance. Our results provide the first causal evidence that testosterone promotes competitive persistence in humans and demonstrate that this effect depends on the psychological state elicited prior to the competition, broadening our understanding of the complex relationships between testosterone and social behaviors.
MeSH term(s)	Competitive Behavior/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Testosterone
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197636-9
ISSN	1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
ISSN (online)	1873-3360
ISSN	0306-4530
DOI	10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105214
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Article ; Online: Relatively rapid effects of testosterone on men's ratings of female attractiveness depend on relationship status and the attractiveness of stimulus faces.

Geniole, Shawn N / Proietti, Valentina / Robinson, Brittney A / Bird, Brian M / Watson, Neil V / Bonin, Pierre L / Goldfarb, Bernard / Carré, Justin M

Hormones and behavior

2022 Volume 142, Page(s) 105174

Abstract: Attractiveness judgements influence desires to initiate and maintain romantic relationships. Testosterone also predicts relationship initiation and maintenance; such effects may be driven by the hormone's modulation of attractiveness judgements, but no ... ...

Abstract	Attractiveness judgements influence desires to initiate and maintain romantic relationships. Testosterone also predicts relationship initiation and maintenance; such effects may be driven by the hormone's modulation of attractiveness judgements, but no studies have investigated causal (and situation-dependent) effects of the hormone on these judgements. Using a placebo-controlled cross-over design, our preregistered analyses revealed order- and relationship- dependent effects: single heterosexual men judged the women as more appealing when testosterone was administered first (and placebo second), but marginally less appealing when placebo was administered first (and testosterone second). In a more complex model incorporating the women's attractiveness (as rated by an independent set of observers), however, we show that testosterone increases the appeal of women -but this effect depends upon the men's relationship status and the women's attractiveness. In partnered men (n = 53) who tend to derogate attractive alternatives (by rating them as less appealing), testosterone countered this effect, boosting the appeal of these attractive alternatives. In single men (n = 53), conversely, testosterone increased the appeal of low-attractive women. These differential effects highlight the possibility of a newly discovered mechanism whereby testosterone promotes male sexual reproduction through different routes depending on relationship status, promoting partner up- rather than down-grading when partnered and reducing choosiness when single. Further, such effects were relatively rapid [within 85 (±5) minutes], suggesting a potential non-genomic mechanism of action.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Heterosexuality ; Humans ; Judgment ; Male ; Testosterone/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	214409-8
ISSN	1095-6867 ; 0018-506X
ISSN (online)	1095-6867
ISSN	0018-506X
DOI	10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105174
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Article ; Online: Inducing illusory control ensures persistence when rewards fade and when others outperform us.

Studer, Bettina / Geniole, Shawn N / Becker, Maike L / Eisenegger, Christoph / Knecht, Stefan

Psychonomic bulletin & review

2020 Volume 27, Issue 4, Page(s) 809–818

Abstract: Persisting even when the rewards of continued effort are fading is essential for achieving long-term goals, skills, and good health, alike. Yet, we often quit when things get hard. Here, we tested whether augmenting the feeling of control through ... ...

Abstract	Persisting even when the rewards of continued effort are fading is essential for achieving long-term goals, skills, and good health, alike. Yet, we often quit when things get hard. Here, we tested whether augmenting the feeling of control through external measures increases persistence under such discouraging circumstances. In two laboratory experiments, we first induced illusory control by manipulating the base-rate of positive outcomes and then tested the effect of this elevation of participants' perceived control upon their persistence under diminishing returns and in a competition against a stronger opponent. Induced illusory control significantly enhanced people's persistence in both of these motivationally challenging situations. Our findings demonstrate that motivation is dependent upon perceived, rather than objective, control, and reveal that this can be leveraged to counteract quitting behavior when things get hard, for instance in rehabilitation, physical activity interventions, or other training settings.
MeSH term(s)	Achievement ; Adult ; Aged ; Competitive Behavior ; Female ; Goals ; Humans ; Illusions ; Internal-External Control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; Reward ; Self Efficacy
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2031311-1
ISSN	1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
ISSN (online)	1531-5320
ISSN	1069-9384
DOI	10.3758/s13423-020-01745-4
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Article ; Online: Force versus fury: Sex differences in the relationships among physical and psychological threat potential, the facial width-to-height ratio, and judgements of aggressiveness.

MacDonell, Elliott T / Geniole, Shawn N / McCormick, Cheryl M

Aggressive behavior

2018

Abstract: Individuals with larger facial width-to-height ratios (FWHRs) are judged as more threatening, and engage in more threat-related behavior, than do individuals with smaller FWHRs. Here we identified components of threat potential that are related to the ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with larger facial width-to-height ratios (FWHRs) are judged as more threatening, and engage in more threat-related behavior, than do individuals with smaller FWHRs. Here we identified components of threat potential that are related to the FWHR. In Study 1, the FWHR was correlated positively with physical threat potential (bicep size) in women and with both physical and psychological (anger proneness) threat potential in men. Behavioral aggression was measured in a subset of these participants using the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (costly aggression) and a Money Allocation Task (non-costly aggression). Psychological (but not physical) threat potential predicted non-costly aggression and physical (but not psychological) threat potential predicted costly aggression. In Study 2, a separate set of participants judged the anger proneness, strength, or aggressiveness of male participants photographed in Study 1. Participants' judgements of all three characteristics were associated with the FWHR, and there were sex differences in how aggressiveness was conceptualized (for women, aggressiveness was associated with anger proneness, for men, aggressiveness was associated with strength). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the FWHR may be an adaptation to cue the threat potential of men.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189812-7
ISSN	1098-2337 ; 0096-140X
ISSN (online)	1098-2337
ISSN	0096-140X
DOI	10.1002/ab.21771
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Article: Not giving up

Kutlikova, Hana H. / Geniole, Shawn N. / Eisenegger, Christoph / Lamm, Claus / Jocham, Gerhard / Studer, Bettina

Psychoneuroendocrinology

Testosterone promotes persistence against a stronger opponent

2021

Title translation	Nicht aufgeben: Testosteron fördert die Ausdauer gegen einen stärkeren Gegner (DeepL)
Abstract	Recent research suggests that when we lack a sense of control, we are prone to motivational failures and early quitting in competitions. Testosterone, on the other hand, is thought to boost competitiveness. Here we investigate the interaction between these factors, testing the testosterone's potential to enhance persistence in a competition against a stronger opponent, depending on experimentally manipulated perceived control. Healthy participants were administered a single dose of testosterone or placebo. They first underwent a task designed to either induce low or high perceived control and then entered a costly competition against a progressively stronger opponent that they could quit at any time. In the placebo group, men with low perceived control quitted twice as early as those with high perceived control. Testosterone countered this effect, making individuals with low control persist in the competition for as long as those with high perceived control, and did so also despite raising participants' explicit awareness of the opponents' advantage. This psychoendocrinological effect was not modulated by basal cortisol levels, CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene, or trait dominance. Our results provide the first causal evidence that testosterone promotes competitive persistence in humans and demonstrate that this effect depends on the psychological state elicited prior to the competition, broadening our understanding of the complex relationships between testosterone and social behaviors.
Keywords	Beharrlichkeit ; Competition ; Perceived Control ; Persistence ; Testosteron ; Testosterone ; Wahrgenommene Kontrolle ; Wettbewerb
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	197636-9
ISSN	1873-3360 ; 0306-4530
ISSN (online)	1873-3360
ISSN	0306-4530
DOI	10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105214
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Article ; Online: The Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm as a laboratory tool for investigating the neuroendocrinology of aggression and competition.

Geniole, Shawn N / MacDonell, Elliott T / McCormick, Cheryl M

Hormones and behavior

2017 Volume 92, Page(s) 103–116

Abstract: A contribution to a special issue on Hormones and Human Competition.The ease of measuring steroids in saliva has led to an increase in investigating their role in competition and aggression in laboratory settings and using behavioral measures of ... ...

Abstract	A contribution to a special issue on Hormones and Human Competition.The ease of measuring steroids in saliva has led to an increase in investigating their role in competition and aggression in laboratory settings and using behavioral measures of aggression. We review here the Point-Subtraction-Aggression-Paradigm (PSAP) as a measure of costly aggression and we compare and contrast the PSAP to other aggression measures. We describe our use of the PSAP, highlighting how it can be modified to investigate a broad array of experimental questions. We review studies that have investigated neuroendocrine function and the PSAP, and we conclude that across studies the relationship between fluctuations in testosterone and PSAP aggression scores are directionally positive, and are likely specific to men. Investigations of other neuroendocrine measures and the PSAP are fewer, limiting conclusions that can be drawn for other hormones. We provide two versions of the PSAP that can be used with E-PRIME® software for researchers interested in this measure for their laboratories.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	214409-8
ISSN	1095-6867 ; 0018-506X
ISSN (online)	1095-6867
ISSN	0018-506X
DOI	10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.04.006
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