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Article ; Online: A family cluster of Streptococcus pyogenes associated with a fatal early-onset neonatal sepsis.

Novazzi, Federica / Colombini, Lorenzo / Perniciaro, Simona / Genoni, Angelo / Agosti, Massimo / Santoro, Francesco / Mancini, Nicasio

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1328418-6
ISSN	1469-0691 ; 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
ISSN (online)	1469-0691
ISSN	1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
DOI	10.1016/j.cmi.2024.02.015
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Zs.A 4541: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Expansion of L452R-Positive SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant, Northern Lombardy, Italy.

Novazzi, Federica / Baj, Andreina / Genoni, Angelo / Focosi, Daniele / Maggi, Fabrizio

Emerging infectious diseases

2022 Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 1301–1302

Abstract: We report 25 cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant containing spike protein L452R mutation in northern Lombardy, Italy. Prevalence of this variant was >30% in this region, compared with <0.5% worldwide. Many laboratories are using previously ...

Abstract	We report 25 cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant containing spike protein L452R mutation in northern Lombardy, Italy. Prevalence of this variant was >30% in this region, compared with <0.5% worldwide. Many laboratories are using previously developed L452R-specific PCRs to discriminate Omicron from Delta mutations, but these tests may be unreliable.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2806.220210
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Article: Immune Transcriptome of Cells Infected with Enterovirus Strains Obtained from Cases of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.

Poma, Anello Marcello / Hammerstad, Sarah Salehi / Genoni, Angelo / Basolo, Alessio / Dahl-Jorgensen, Knut / Toniolo, Antonio

Microorganisms

2021 Volume 9, Issue 4

Abstract: Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) of unknown origin. Enterovirus (EV) infection of thyroid cells has been implicated as a possible initiator of cell damage and of organ-specific autoimmunity. ...

Abstract	Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) of unknown origin. Enterovirus (EV) infection of thyroid cells has been implicated as a possible initiator of cell damage and of organ-specific autoimmunity. We asked whether persistent infection of human epithelial cells with EV strains obtained from thyroid tissue of AITD patients could be associated with transcriptional changes capable of fostering immunopathology. Methods: EV isolates obtained from thyroid tissue of AITD cases were used to infect the AV3 epithelial cell line. AV3 cells incubated with a virus-free medium from thyroid tissue of subjects without evidence of thyroid autoimmunity were used as uninfected controls. Transcripts of immune-related genes were compared in infected vs. uninfected cells. Results: The EV genome and antigens were detected only in the cells exposed to AITD-derived virus isolates, not in control cells. Persistent EV infection, while suppressing transcription of several type I IFN and cytokine determinants, was associated with enhanced transcription of NFKB1/RELA, IFNAR1, JAK1/STAT1, i.e., the determinants that play key immunologic roles. Infection also led to upregulation of the CCL2 chemokine and the IL-18 pro-inflammatory interleukin. Conclusion: As in the case of EV strains obtained from autoimmune diabetes, results show that the EV strains that are present in the thyroid of AITD cases do repress IFN and cytokine pathways. JAK1/STAT1 upregulation supports activation of TLR pathways and aberrant T cell signaling. In the early phases of AITD, our results highlight the potential benefit of interventions aimed at blocking the viral infection and easing the inflammatory response.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9040876
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Article: Immune Transcriptome of Cells Infected with Enterovirus Strains Obtained from Cases of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Poma, Anello Marcello / Hammerstad, Sarah Salehi / Genoni, Angelo / Basolo, Alessio / Dahl-Jorgensen, Knut / Toniolo, Antonio

Microorganisms. 2021 Apr. 19, v. 9, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) of unknown origin. Enterovirus (EV) infection of thyroid cells has been implicated as a possible initiator of cell damage and of organ-specific autoimmunity. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) of unknown origin. Enterovirus (EV) infection of thyroid cells has been implicated as a possible initiator of cell damage and of organ-specific autoimmunity. We asked whether persistent infection of human epithelial cells with EV strains obtained from thyroid tissue of AITD patients could be associated with transcriptional changes capable of fostering immunopathology. Methods: EV isolates obtained from thyroid tissue of AITD cases were used to infect the AV3 epithelial cell line. AV3 cells incubated with a virus-free medium from thyroid tissue of subjects without evidence of thyroid autoimmunity were used as uninfected controls. Transcripts of immune-related genes were compared in infected vs. uninfected cells. Results: The EV genome and antigens were detected only in the cells exposed to AITD-derived virus isolates, not in control cells. Persistent EV infection, while suppressing transcription of several type I IFN and cytokine determinants, was associated with enhanced transcription of NFKB1/RELA, IFNAR1, JAK1/STAT1, i.e., the determinants that play key immunologic roles. Infection also led to upregulation of the CCL2 chemokine and the IL-18 pro-inflammatory interleukin. Conclusion: As in the case of EV strains obtained from autoimmune diabetes, results show that the EV strains that are present in the thyroid of AITD cases do repress IFN and cytokine pathways. JAK1/STAT1 upregulation supports activation of TLR pathways and aberrant T cell signaling. In the early phases of AITD, our results highlight the potential benefit of interventions aimed at blocking the viral infection and easing the inflammatory response.
Keywords	Enterovirus ; T-lymphocytes ; autoimmunity ; cell lines ; chemokine CCL2 ; chronic diseases ; epithelial cells ; epithelium ; humans ; immunopathology ; inflammation ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; transcription (genetics) ; transcriptome ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0419
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9040876
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: High Prevalence of Common Human Viruses in Thyroid Tissue.

Weider, Therese / Genoni, Angelo / Broccolo, Francesco / Paulsen, Trond H / Dahl-Jørgensen, Knut / Toniolo, Antonio / Hammerstad, Sara Salehi

Frontiers in endocrinology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 938633

Abstract: Introduction: Evidence points to viral infections as possible triggers of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), but little is known about the prevalence of common viruses in the thyroid gland. Using a novel approach based on virus enrichment in multiple ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Evidence points to viral infections as possible triggers of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), but little is known about the prevalence of common viruses in the thyroid gland. Using a novel approach based on virus enrichment in multiple cell lines followed by detection of the viral genome and visualization of viral proteins, we investigated the presence of multiple human viruses in thyroid tissue from AITD patients and controls. Methods: Thyroid tissue was collected by core needle biopsy or during thyroid surgery from 35 patients with AITD (20 Graves' disease and 15 Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Eighteen thyroid tissue specimens from patients undergoing neck surgery for reasons other than thyroid autoimmunity served as controls. Specimens were tested for the presence of ten different viruses. Enteroviruses and human herpesvirus 6 were enriched in cell culture before detection by PCR and immunofluorescence, while the remaining viruses were detected by PCR of biopsied tissue. Results: Forty of 53 cases (75%) carried an infectious virus. Notably, 43% of all cases had a single virus, whereas 32% were coinfected by two or more virus types. An enterovirus was found in 27/53 cases (51%), human herpesvirus 6 in 16/53 cases (30%) and parvovirus B19 in 12/53 cases (22%). Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus were found in a few cases only. Of five gastroenteric virus groups examined, only one was detected in a single specimen. Virus distribution was not statistically different between AITD cases and controls. Conclusion: Common human viruses are highly prevalent in the thyroid gland. This is the first study in which multiple viral agents have been explored in thyroid. It remains to be established whether the detected viruses represent causal agents, possible cofactors or simple bystanders.
MeSH term(s)	Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Graves Disease/complications ; Hashimoto Disease/etiology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2022.938633
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Article ; Online: Sotrovimab-emergent resistance in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: A series of three cases.

Focosi, Daniele / Novazzi, Federica / Baj, Andreina / Ferrante, Francesca Drago / Boutahar, Sara / Genoni, Angelo Paolo / Gasperina, Daniela Dalla / Maggi, Fabrizio

Journal of clinical virology plus

2022 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 100097

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-0380
ISSN (online)	2667-0380
DOI	10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100097
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Article ; Online: A CLUSTER OF SARS-COV-2 DELTA VARIANT OF CONCERN ADDITIONALLY HARBORING F490S, NORTHERN LOMBARDY, ITALY.

Novazzi, Federica / Baj, Andreina / Pasciuta, Renee / Genoni, Angelo / Drago Ferrante, Francesca / Tripiciano, Rosalia / Catanoso, Giuseppe / Focosi, Daniele / Maggi, Fabrizio

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2022 Volume 116, Page(s) 271–272

Abstract: The Delta variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 has become dominant worldwide. In this article, we report a cluster caused by B.1.617.2 harboring the additional mutation of concern (MOC) F490S. We observed that 5 fully vaccinated subjects aged between ... ...

Abstract	The Delta variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 has become dominant worldwide. In this article, we report a cluster caused by B.1.617.2 harboring the additional mutation of concern (MOC) F490S. We observed that 5 fully vaccinated subjects aged between 47 and 84 years were infected with this variant. The immune escape mutation F490S, first identified in the Lambda VOI, appears to impair vaccine efficacy and is rapidly increasing in prevalence worldwide.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.362
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Zs.A 4516: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Molecular characterization of emerging Echovirus 11 (E11) shed light on the recombinant origin of a variant associated with severe hepatitis in neonates.

Piralla, Antonio / Giardina, Federica / Ferrari, Guglielmo / Gaiarsa, Stefano / Romano, Greta / Pellegrinelli, Laura / Galli, Cristina / Seiti, Arlinda / Binda, Sandro / Pitrolo, Antonino Maria Guglielmo / Genoni, Angelo / Ferrante, Francesca Drago / Novazzi, Federica / Mancini, Nicasio / Rovida, Francesca / Pariani, Elena / Baldanti, Fausto

Journal of medical virology

2024 Volume 96, Issue 5, Page(s) e29658

Abstract: Echovirus 11 (E11) has gained attention owing to its association with severe neonatal infections. Due to the limited data available, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers public health risk to the general population to be low. The present study ... ...

Abstract	Echovirus 11 (E11) has gained attention owing to its association with severe neonatal infections. Due to the limited data available, the World Health Organization (WHO) considers public health risk to the general population to be low. The present study investigated the genetic variation and molecular evolution of E11 genomes collected from May to December 2023. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for 16 E11 strains. Phylogenetic analysis on WG showed how all Italian strains belonged to genogroup D5, similarly to other E11 strains recently reported in France and Germany all together aggregated into separate clusters. A cluster-specific recombination pattern was also identified using phylogenetic analysis of different genome regions. Echovirus 6 was identified as the major recombinant virus in 3C
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phylogeny ; Infant, Newborn ; Recombination, Genetic ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Enterovirus B, Human/genetics ; Enterovirus B, Human/classification ; Enterovirus B, Human/isolation & purification ; Genotype ; Echovirus Infections/virology ; Echovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Evolution, Molecular ; Italy/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.29658
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Zs.A 1320: Show issues

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Article: Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D and selenium supplementation in newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients during methimazole treatment.

Gallo, Daniela / Bruno, Antonino / Gallazzi, Matteo / Cattaneo, Simona Antonia Maria / Veronesi, Giovanni / Genoni, Angelo / Tanda, Maria Laura / Bartalena, Luigi / Passi, Alberto / Piantanida, Eliana / Mortara, Lorenzo

Frontiers in endocrinology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1145811

Abstract: Introduction: Methimazole (MMI) represents the conventional therapeutic agent for Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism, but MMI efficacy is limited since it marginally affects the underlying autoimmune process. In a previous study, we randomly assigned ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Methimazole (MMI) represents the conventional therapeutic agent for Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism, but MMI efficacy is limited since it marginally affects the underlying autoimmune process. In a previous study, we randomly assigned 42 newly diagnosed GD patients with insufficient vitamin D (VitD) and selenium (Se) levels to treatment with MMI alone (standard) or combined with selenomethionine and cholecalciferol (intervention) and observed a prompter resolution of hyperthyroidism in the intervention group. Methods: In the present study, we aimed to explore changes in peripheral T regulatory (Treg) and circulating natural killer (NK) cell frequency, circulating NK cell subset distribution and function, during treatment. Results: At baseline, circulating total CD3 Discussion: This pilot study suggested that VitD and Se supplementation, in GD patients receiving MMI treatment, modulates Treg and NK cell frequency, favoring a more pronounced reduction of NK cells and the increase of Treg cells, compared to MMI alone. Even if further studies are needed, it is possible to speculate that this immunomodulatory action might have facilitated the prompter and better control of hyperthyroidism in the supplemented group observed in the previous study.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Methimazole/therapeutic use ; Antithyroid Agents/therapeutic use ; Selenium/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; Pilot Projects ; Graves Disease/drug therapy ; Hyperthyroidism/drug therapy ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements
Chemical Substances	Methimazole (554Z48XN5E) ; Antithyroid Agents ; Selenium (H6241UJ22B) ; Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2023.1145811
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Article: Previous Humoral Immunity to the Endemic Seasonal Alphacoronaviruses NL63 and 229E Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 and Suggests Original Antigenic Sin.

Focosi, Daniele / Genoni, Angelo / Lucenteforte, Ersilia / Tillati, Silvia / Tamborini, Antonio / Spezia, Pietro Giorgio / Azzi, Lorenzo / Baj, Andreina / Maggi, Fabrizio

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 4

Abstract: Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection has been hypothesized. However, to date, there has been no in vitro or in vivo evidence supporting this. Cross-reactivity exists between SARS ... ...

Abstract	Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection has been hypothesized. However, to date, there has been no in vitro or in vivo evidence supporting this. Cross-reactivity exists between SARS CoV-2 and other
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life11040298
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