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Article ; Online: Heavy metal contamination in soil and groundwater around industrial areas of Kollam District, Kerala, India

George, Anila / Venugopal, Aiswarya / Vashisht, Ajay Kumar

Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Feb., v. 195, no. 2 p.265-265

2023

Abstract: The present study was intended for assessing the contamination level of various heavy metals in surface soil and groundwater around the automobile workshops situated at different locations in the Kollam District of Kerala state, India. The procured soil ... ...

Abstract	The present study was intended for assessing the contamination level of various heavy metals in surface soil and groundwater around the automobile workshops situated at different locations in the Kollam District of Kerala state, India. The procured soil and groundwater samples were analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, manganese, and arsenic using atomic absorption spectrophotometer by following standard procedures. The contamination level of these metals was assessed using the pollution indices like enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI). The results revealed that the concentrations of all analyzed metals in the surface soils of the automobile workshops were higher than the control. On the contrary, the concentration of no heavy metal in the groundwater was either equal to or higher than the limit prescribed by WHO. However, the concentration levels of Fe, Pb, Cu, and Zn were either equal to or higher than the control values. Based on the Igeo, CF, and EF, it was found that the contamination intensity of the heavy metals in soil decreased in the following order: Fe > Pb > Cd > As > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni > Mn. From the results of PLI, it was interpreted that the sampling sites S2, S4, and S5 were highly polluted. Non-contamination of underground water from the age-old workshops is the uniqueness of the present study against the other studies, which were completed in alluvial formations with inverse results. In the studied region, the groundwater is stored in the hard rock formations and its hydraulics remains different from alluvial aquifers.
Keywords	arsenic ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; automobiles ; cadmium ; chromium ; copper ; fluid mechanics ; groundwater ; heavy metals ; iron ; lead ; manganese ; nickel ; pollution load ; soil ; zinc ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Size	p. 265.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-022-10880-5
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Article ; Online: Protocol for arrayed gRNA screening by base editors in mammalian cell lines using lentiviral system.

Ravi, Nithin Sam / George, Anila / Mohankumar, Kumarasamypet M

STAR protocols

2023 Volume 4, Issue 4, Page(s) 102668

Abstract: Base editing, a CRISPR-based genome engineering technique, enables precise single-nucleotide modifications while minimizing double-strand breaks. Here, we present a protocol for arrayed mutagenesis using base editors to identify regulatory elements ... ...

Abstract	Base editing, a CRISPR-based genome engineering technique, enables precise single-nucleotide modifications while minimizing double-strand breaks. Here, we present a protocol for arrayed mutagenesis using base editors to identify regulatory elements within the gamma-globin locus. We describe steps for guide RNA (gRNA) cloning into lentiviral vectors, establishing stable cell lines with base editor expression, transducing gRNAs, and assessing editing efficiency. This protocol can be applied to diverse genomic regions and cell lines for arrayed screening, facilitating genetic research, and target discovery. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ravi et al. (2022)
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Gene Editing/methods ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Mammals ; Cell Line
Chemical Substances	RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-1667
ISSN (online)	2666-1667
DOI	10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102668
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Article ; Online: Heavy metal contamination in soil and groundwater around industrial areas of Kollam District, Kerala, India.

George, Anila / Venugopal, Aiswarya / Vashisht, Ajay Kumar

Environmental monitoring and assessment

2023 Volume 195, Issue 2, Page(s) 265

Abstract	The present study was intended for assessing the contamination level of various heavy metals in surface soil and groundwater around the automobile workshops situated at different locations in the Kollam District of Kerala state, India. The procured soil and groundwater samples were analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, manganese, and arsenic using atomic absorption spectrophotometer by following standard procedures. The contamination level of these metals was assessed using the pollution indices like enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI). The results revealed that the concentrations of all analyzed metals in the surface soils of the automobile workshops were higher than the control. On the contrary, the concentration of no heavy metal in the groundwater was either equal to or higher than the limit prescribed by WHO. However, the concentration levels of Fe, Pb, Cu, and Zn were either equal to or higher than the control values. Based on the Igeo, CF, and EF, it was found that the contamination intensity of the heavy metals in soil decreased in the following order: Fe > Pb > Cd > As > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni > Mn. From the results of PLI, it was interpreted that the sampling sites S2, S4, and S5 were highly polluted. Non-contamination of underground water from the age-old workshops is the uniqueness of the present study against the other studies, which were completed in alluvial formations with inverse results. In the studied region, the groundwater is stored in the hard rock formations and its hydraulics remains different from alluvial aquifers.
MeSH term(s)	Soil ; Lead ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Groundwater ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Risk Assessment
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Lead (2P299V784P) ; Metals, Heavy ; Soil Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-022-10880-5
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Article: Using Fetal Fibronectin Test to Reduce Hospital Admissions with Diagnosis of Preterm Labor: An Economic Evaluation Study.

Amro, Bedayah / Alhalabi, Iman / George, Anila / Haroun, Hanan / Khamis, Amar Hassan / Sawalhi, Nadia Al

Journal of personalized medicine

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662248-8
ISSN	2075-4426
ISSN	2075-4426
DOI	10.3390/jpm13060894
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Article: Utility of ferritin and inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of different stages of breast cancer.

George, Anila / Bobby, Zachariah / Dubashi, Biswajit

Saudi medical journal

2021 Volume 42, Issue 8, Page(s) 825–831

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the utility of ferritin and inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of stages of breast cancer.: Methods: The study consisted of 4 groups of 20 women, including the healthy control. The patients of group 1 comprised of stages I ...

Abstract	Objectives: To assess the utility of ferritin and inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of stages of breast cancer. Methods: The study consisted of 4 groups of 20 women, including the healthy control. The patients of group 1 comprised of stages I and II, group 2: stage III and group 3: stage IV of the disease. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and hepcidin were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and ferritin by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The study was carried out in 2018 at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry-6, India. Results: The breast cancer disease progression correlated negatively with hemoglobin (Hb) (r= -0.6937, Conclusion: Ferritin and ferritin/Hb are helpful in the differential diagnosis of stages of breast cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Female ; Ferritins ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Hemoglobins ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Ferritins (9007-73-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-03
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392302-2
ISSN	1658-3175 ; 0379-5284
ISSN (online)	1658-3175
ISSN	0379-5284
DOI	10.15537/smj.2021.42.8.20210244
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Article ; Online: CRISPR/Cas based gene editing: marking a new era in medical science.

Prasad, Kirti / George, Anila / Ravi, Nithin Sam / Mohankumar, Kumarasamypet M

Molecular biology reports

2021 Volume 48, Issue 5, Page(s) 4879–4895

Abstract: CRISPR/Cas9 system, a bacterial adaptive immune system developed into a genome editing technology, has emerged as a powerful tool revolutionising genome engineering in all branches of biological science including agriculture, research and medicine. Rapid ...

Abstract	CRISPR/Cas9 system, a bacterial adaptive immune system developed into a genome editing technology, has emerged as a powerful tool revolutionising genome engineering in all branches of biological science including agriculture, research and medicine. Rapid evolution of CRISPR/Cas9 system from the generation of double strand breaks to more advanced applications on gene regulation has made the wide-spread use of this technology possible. Medical science has benefited greatly from CRISPR/Cas9; being both a versatile and economical tool, it has brought gene therapy closer to reality. In this review, the development of CRISPR/Cas9 system, variants thereof and its application in different walks of medical science- research, diagnostics and therapy, will be discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research/trends ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Gene Editing ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Therapy ; Genome ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-021-06479-7
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Article: CRISPR/Cas based gene editing: marking a new era in medical science

Prasad, Kirti / George, Anila / Ravi, Nithin Sam / Mohankumar, Kumarasamypet M.

Molecular biology reports. 2021 May, v. 48, no. 5

2021

Abstract	CRISPR/Cas9 system, a bacterial adaptive immune system developed into a genome editing technology, has emerged as a powerful tool revolutionising genome engineering in all branches of biological science including agriculture, research and medicine. Rapid evolution of CRISPR/Cas9 system from the generation of double strand breaks to more advanced applications on gene regulation has made the wide-spread use of this technology possible. Medical science has benefited greatly from CRISPR/Cas9; being both a versatile and economical tool, it has brought gene therapy closer to reality. In this review, the development of CRISPR/Cas9 system, variants thereof and its application in different walks of medical science- research, diagnostics and therapy, will be discussed.
Keywords	CRISPR-Cas systems ; adaptive immunity ; diagnostic techniques ; evolution ; gene therapy ; genes ; medicine ; molecular biology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Size	p. 4879-4895.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-021-06479-7
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Article ; Online: Efficient gene editing in induced pluripotent stem cells enabled by an inducible adenine base editor with tunable expression.

Nandy, Krittika / Babu, Dinesh / Rani, Sonam / Joshi, Gaurav / Ijee, Smitha / George, Anila / Palani, Dhavapriya / Premkumar, Chitra / Rajesh, Praveena / Vijayanand, S / David, Ernest / Murugesan, Mohankumar / Velayudhan, Shaji R

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 21953

Abstract: The preferred method for disease modeling using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is to generate isogenic cell lines by correcting or introducing pathogenic mutations. Base editing enables the precise installation of point mutations at specific ... ...

Abstract	The preferred method for disease modeling using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is to generate isogenic cell lines by correcting or introducing pathogenic mutations. Base editing enables the precise installation of point mutations at specific genomic locations without the need for deleterious double-strand breaks used in the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing methods. We created a bulk population of iPSCs that homogeneously express ABE8e adenine base editor enzyme under a doxycycline-inducible expression system at the AAVS1 safe harbor locus. These cells enabled fast, efficient and inducible gene editing at targeted genomic regions, eliminating the need for single-cell cloning and screening to identify those with homozygous mutations. We could achieve multiplex genomic editing by creating homozygous mutations in very high efficiencies at four independent genomic loci simultaneously in AAVS1-iABE8e iPSCs, which is highly challenging with previously described methods. The inducible ABE8e expression system allows editing of the genes of interest within a specific time window, enabling temporal control of gene editing to study the cell or lineage-specific functions of genes and their molecular pathways. In summary, the inducible ABE8e system provides a fast, efficient and versatile gene-editing tool for disease modeling and functional genomic studies.
MeSH term(s)	Gene Editing/methods ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Adenine/metabolism ; Mutation
Chemical Substances	Adenine (JAC85A2161)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-42174-2
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Article: Dam Break Analysis Using BOSS DAMBRK

George, Anila C / B. Thulasidharan Nair

Aquatic Procedia. 2015, v. 4

2015

Abstract: Dams are constructed to serve a variety of purposes such as supply of drinking and irrigation water, generation of electric power, flood protection etcâ¦ However a dam break may result in high flood waves traveling along a valley at quite high speed. ... ...

Abstract	Dams are constructed to serve a variety of purposes such as supply of drinking and irrigation water, generation of electric power, flood protection etcâ¦ However a dam break may result in high flood waves traveling along a valley at quite high speed. The intensity of the catastrophic failure of dams varies depending on the extent of inundated area, size of the population under risk and the warning time available. The present study deals with the Dam Break Analysis of Thenmala Dam of Kerala State, India. As a part of the work, the maximum precipitation and maximum flood have been evaluated using the Gumbel's and Clark's method respectively. The final analysis is done using the software BOSS DAMBRK for evaluating the extent of inundation, travel time and velocity of downstream progressing water.
Keywords	computer software ; dams (hydrology) ; electric power ; flood control ; floods ; irrigation water ; population size ; risk ; India
Language	English
Size	p. 853-860.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2751136-4
ISSN	2214-241X
ISSN	2214-241X
DOI	10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.107
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Article ; Online: Base editing of key residues in the BCL11A-XL-specific zinc finger domains derepresses fetal globin expression.

Rajendiran, Vignesh / Devaraju, Nivedhitha / Haddad, Mahdi / Ravi, Nithin Sam / Panigrahi, Lokesh / Paul, Joshua / Gopalakrishnan, Chandrasekar / Wyman, Stacia / Ariudainambi, Keerthiga / Mahalingam, Gokulnath / Periyasami, Yogapriya / Prasad, Kirti / George, Anila / Sukumaran, Dhiyaneshwaran / Gopinathan, Sandhiya / Pai, Aswin Anand / Nakamura, Yukio / Balasubramanian, Poonkuzhali / Ramalingam, Rajasekaran /

Thangavel, Saravanabhavan / Velayudhan, Shaji R / Corn, Jacon E / Mackay, Joel P / Marepally, Srujan / Srivastava, Alok / Crossley, Merlin / Mohankumar, Kumarasamypet M

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

2024 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 663–677

Abstract: BCL11A-XL directly binds and represses the fetal globin (HBG1/2) gene promoters, using 3 zinc-finger domains (ZnF4, ZnF5, and ZnF6), and is a potential target for β-hemoglobinopathy treatments. Disrupting BCL11A-XL results in derepression of fetal globin ...

Abstract	BCL11A-XL directly binds and represses the fetal globin (HBG1/2) gene promoters, using 3 zinc-finger domains (ZnF4, ZnF5, and ZnF6), and is a potential target for β-hemoglobinopathy treatments. Disrupting BCL11A-XL results in derepression of fetal globin and high HbF, but also affects hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) engraftment and erythroid maturation. Intriguingly, neurodevelopmental patients with ZnF domain mutations have elevated HbF with normal hematological parameters. Inspired by this natural phenomenon, we used both CRISPR-Cas9 and base editing at specific ZnF domains and assessed the impacts on HbF production and hematopoietic differentiation. Generating indels in the various ZnF domains by CRISPR-Cas9 prevented the binding of BCL11A-XL to its site in the HBG1/2 promoters and elevated the HbF levels but affected normal hematopoiesis. Far fewer side effects were observed with base editing- for instance, erythroid maturation in vitro was near normal. However, we observed a modest reduction in HSPC engraftment and a complete loss of B cell development in vivo, presumably because current base editing is not capable of precisely recapitulating the mutations found in patients with BCL11A-XL-associated neurodevelopment disorders. Overall, our results reveal that disrupting different ZnF domains has different effects. Disrupting ZnF4 elevated HbF levels significantly while leaving many other erythroid target genes unaffected, and interestingly, disrupting ZnF6 also elevated HbF levels, which was unexpected because this region does not directly interact with the HBG1/2 promoters. This first structure/function analysis of ZnF4-6 provides important insights into the domains of BCL11A-XL that are required to repress fetal globin expression and provide framework for exploring the introduction of natural mutations that may enable the derepression of single gene while leaving other functions unaffected.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gene Editing/methods ; gamma-Globins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; Fetal Hemoglobin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	gamma-Globins ; Repressor Proteins ; Fetal Hemoglobin (9034-63-3) ; BCL11A protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2010592-7
ISSN	1525-0024 ; 1525-0016
ISSN (online)	1525-0024
ISSN	1525-0016
DOI	10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.023
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