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Article ; Online: C-type lectin 4 regulates broad-spectrum melanization-based refractoriness to malaria parasites.

Maria L Simões / Yuemei Dong / Godfree Mlambo / George Dimopoulos

PLoS Biology, Vol 20, Iss 1, p e

2022 Volume 3001515

Abstract: Anopheles gambiae melanization-based refractoriness to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has rarely been observed in either laboratory or natural conditions, in contrast to the rodent model malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei that can ... ...

Abstract	Anopheles gambiae melanization-based refractoriness to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has rarely been observed in either laboratory or natural conditions, in contrast to the rodent model malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei that can become completely melanized by a TEP1 complement-like system-dependent mechanism. Multiple studies have shown that the rodent parasite evades this defense by recruiting the C-type lectins CTL4 and CTLMA2, while permissiveness to the human malaria parasite was not affected by partial depletion of these factors by RNAi silencing. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based CTL4 knockout, we show that A. gambiae can mount melanization-based refractoriness to the human malaria parasite, which is independent of the TEP1 complement-like system and the major anti-Plasmodium immune pathway Imd. Our study indicates a hierarchical specificity in the control of Plasmodium melanization and proves CTL4 as an essential host factor for P. falciparum transmission and one of the most potent mosquito-encoded malaria transmission-blocking targets.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High Pressure Processing under Mild Conditions for Bacterial Mitigation and Shelf Life Extension of European Sea Bass Fillets

Maria Tsevdou / George Dimopoulos / Athanasios Limnaios / Ioanna Semenoglou / Theofania Tsironi / Petros Taoukis

Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 3845, p

2023 Volume 3845

Abstract: High pressure is an industrially established food preservation process applied for the minimal processing or cold pasteurization of chilled, fresh, or ready-to-eat products. This study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of high pressure on the ... ...

Abstract	High pressure is an industrially established food preservation process applied for the minimal processing or cold pasteurization of chilled, fresh, or ready-to-eat products. This study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of high pressure on the inactivation of spoilage microflora and the shelf life extension of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) fillets. Fish fillets were subjected to mild, high pressure conditions (100–400 MPa; 3–25 °C; 5–10 min) and then stored at 0.0 ± 0.2 °C. Their shelf life was evaluated in terms of their microbiological, physicochemical, and sensorial quality. The results indicated that a shelf life extension of 1–5 d at 0 °C was achieved when pressures of 100 MPa were applied, whereas higher pressures resulted in an up to 5-fold increase in the shelf life of the fillets, depending on the applied pressure and temperature. A high pressure treatment combined with vacuum packaging showed an additional effect on the shelf life extension of the fillets, increasing the shelf life by 4–12 d when compared to aerobically stored products. Moreover, the high pressure treatment prevented lipid oxidation throughout the storage period, indicating no formation of secondary lipid oxidation products. The estimated shelf life of the fish fillets based on their sensorial quality was in accordance with the estimation based on the microbiological data.
Keywords	high pressure processing ; low temperature ; bacterial inactivation ; shelf life ; European sea bass ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bacterial communities of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes differ between crop and midgut tissues.

Luis E Martinez Villegas / James Radl / George Dimopoulos / Sarah M Short

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 3, p e

2023 Volume 0011218

Abstract: Microbiota studies of Aedes aegypti and other mosquitoes generally focus on the bacterial communities found in adult female midguts. However, other compartments of the digestive tract maintain communities of bacteria which remain almost entirely ... ...

Abstract	Microbiota studies of Aedes aegypti and other mosquitoes generally focus on the bacterial communities found in adult female midguts. However, other compartments of the digestive tract maintain communities of bacteria which remain almost entirely unstudied. For example, the Dipteran crop is a food storage organ, but few studies have looked at the microbiome of crops in mosquitoes, and only a single previous study has investigated the crop in Ae. aegypti. In this study, we used both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to compare the bacterial communities in midguts and crops of laboratory reared Ae. aegypti. Both methods revealed a trend towards higher abundance, but also higher variability, of bacteria in the midgut than the crop. When present, bacteria from the genus Elizabethkingia (family Weeksellaceae) dominated midgut bacterial communities. In crops, we found a higher diversity of bacteria, and these communities were generally dominated by acetic acid bacteria (family Acetobacteriaceae) from the genera Tanticharoenia and Asaia. These three taxa drove significant community structure differences between the tissues. We used FAPROTAX to predict the metabolic functions of these communities and found that crop bacterial communities were significantly more likely to contain bacteria capable of methanol oxidation and methylotrophy. Both the presence of acetic acid bacteria (which commonly catabolize sugar to produce acetic acid) and the functional profile that includes methanol oxidation (which is correlated with bacteria found with natural sources like nectar) may relate to the presence of sugar, which is stored in the mosquito crop. A better understanding of what bacteria are present in the digestive tract of mosquitoes and how these communities assemble will inform how the microbiota impacts mosquito physiology and the full spectrum of functions provided by the microbiota. It may also facilitate better methods of engineering the mosquito microbiome for vector control or prevention of disease ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genetic modification of Anopheles stephensi for resistance to multiple Plasmodium falciparum strains does not influence susceptibility to o'nyong'nyong virus or insecticides, or Wolbachia-mediated resistance to the malaria parasite.

Andrew Pike / George Dimopoulos

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e

2018 Volume 0195720

Abstract: Mosquitoes that have been genetically engineered for resistance to human pathogens are a potential new tool for controlling vector-borne disease. However, genetic modification may have unintended off-target effects that could affect the mosquitoes' ... ...

Abstract	Mosquitoes that have been genetically engineered for resistance to human pathogens are a potential new tool for controlling vector-borne disease. However, genetic modification may have unintended off-target effects that could affect the mosquitoes' utility for disease control. We measured the resistance of five genetically modified Plasmodium-suppressing Anopheles stephensi lines to o'nyong'nyong virus, four classes of insecticides, and diverse Plasmodium falciparum field isolates and characterized the interactions between our genetic modifications and infection with the bacterium Wolbachia. The genetic modifications did not alter the mosquitoes' resistance to either o'nyong'nyong virus or insecticides, and the mosquitoes were equally resistant to all tested P. falciparum strains, regardless of Wolbachia infection status. These results indicate that mosquitoes can be genetically modified for resistance to malaria parasite infection and remain compatible with other vector-control measures without becoming better vectors for other pathogens.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Long non-coding RNAs regulate Aedes aegypti vector competence for Zika virus and reproduction.

Alexandros Belavilas-Trovas / Spyros Tastsoglou / Shengzhang Dong / Mary Kefi / Mihra Tavadia / Kostas D Mathiopoulos / George Dimopoulos

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 19, Iss 6, p e

2023 Volume 1011440

Abstract: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in various cellular and metabolic processes in mosquitoes and all other organisms studied thus far. In particular, their involvement in essential processes such as reproduction makes them ... ...

Abstract	Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in various cellular and metabolic processes in mosquitoes and all other organisms studied thus far. In particular, their involvement in essential processes such as reproduction makes them potential targets for the development of novel pest control approaches. However, their function in mosquito biology remains largely unexplored. To elucidate the role of lncRNAs in mosquitoes' reproduction and vector competence for arboviruses, we have implemented a computational and experimental pipeline to mine, screen, and characterize lncRNAs related to these two biological processes. Through analysis of publicly available Zika virus (ZIKV) infection-regulated Aedes aegypti transcriptomes, at least six lncRNAs were identified as being significantly upregulated in response to infection in various mosquito tissues. The roles of these ZIKV-regulated lncRNAs (designated Zinc1, Zinc2, Zinc3, Zinc9, Zinc10 and Zinc22), were further investigated by dsRNA-mediated silencing studies. Our results show that silencing of Zinc1, Zinc2, and Zinc22 renders mosquitoes significantly less permissive to ZIKV infection, while silencing of Zinc22 also reduces fecundity, indicating a potential role for Zinc22 in trade-offs between vector competence and reproduction. We also found that silencing of Zinc9 significantly increases fecundity but has no effect on ZIKV infection, suggesting that Zinc9 may be a negative regulator of oviposition. Our work demonstrates that some lncRNAs play host factor roles by facilitating viral infection in mosquitoes. We also show that lncRNAs can influence both mosquito reproduction and permissiveness to virus infection, two biological systems with important roles in mosquito vectorial capacity.
Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Swine influenza or Swine flu or H1N1 flu

George Dimopoulos

Pneumon, Vol 22, Iss 3, Pp 213-

2009 Volume 216

Keywords	Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Internal medicine ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hellenic Thoracic Society & Hellenic Bronchologic Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identification of anti-flaviviral drugs with mosquitocidal and anti-Zika virus activity in Aedes aegypti.

Shengzhang Dong / Seokyoung Kang / George Dimopoulos

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 8, p e

2019 Volume 0007681

Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV infection can cause microcephaly of newborn babies and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Because no licensed vaccine or specific ... ...

Abstract	Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV infection can cause microcephaly of newborn babies and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Because no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is available for ZIKV infection, the most commonly used approach to control the spread of ZIKV is suppression of the mosquito vector population. A novel proposed strategy to block arthropod virus (arbovirus) transmission is based on the chemical inhibition of virus infection in mosquitoes. However, only a few drugs and compounds have been tested with such properties. Here we present a comprehensive screen of 55 FDA-approved anti-flaviviral drugs for potential anti-ZIKV and mosquitocidal activity. Four drugs (auranofin, actinomycin D (Act-D), bortezomib and gemcitabine) were toxic to C6/36 cells, and two drugs (5-fluorouracil and mycophenolic acid (MPA)) significantly reduced ZIKV production in C6/36 cells at 2 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively. Three drugs (Act-D, cyclosporin A, ivermectin) exhibited a strong adulticidal activity, and six drugs (U18666A, retinoic acid p-hydroxyanilide (4-HPR), clotrimazole, bortezomib, MPA, imatinib mesylate) significantly suppressed ZIKV infection in mosquito midguts. Some of these FDA-approved drugs may have potential for use for the development of ZIKV transmission-blocking strategies.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Fungal Infections in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Nikoletta Rovina / Evangelia Koukaki / Vasiliki Romanou / Sevasti Ampelioti / Konstantinos Loverdos / Vasiliki Chantziara / Antonia Koutsoukou / George Dimopoulos

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 2017, p

Inevitabile Malum

2022 Volume 2017

Abstract: Patients with severe COVID-19 belong to a population at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), with a reported incidence of IFIs in critically ill COVID-19 patients ranging between 5% and 26.7%. Common factors in these patients, such as multiple ...

Abstract	Patients with severe COVID-19 belong to a population at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), with a reported incidence of IFIs in critically ill COVID-19 patients ranging between 5% and 26.7%. Common factors in these patients, such as multiple organ failure, immunomodulating/immunocompromising treatments, the longer time on mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, make them vulnerable candidates for fungal infections. In addition to that, SARS-CoV2 itself is associated with significant dysfunction in the patient’s immune system involving both innate and acquired immunity, with reduction in both CD4 + T and CD8 + T lymphocyte counts and cytokine storm. The emerging question is whether SARS-CoV-2 inherently predisposes critically ill patients to fungal infections or the immunosuppressive therapy constitutes the igniting factor for invasive mycoses. To approach the dilemma, one must consider the unique pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 with the deranged immune response it provokes, review the well-known effects of immunosuppressants and finally refer to current literature to probe possible causal relationships, synergistic effects or independent risk factors. In this review, we aimed to identify the prevalence, risk factors and mortality associated with IFIs in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19.
Keywords	fungal infections ; critically ill ; CAPA ; COVID-19 ; CAM ; CAC ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Aedes aegypti siRNA pathway mediates broad-spectrum defense against human pathogenic viruses and modulates antibacterial and antifungal defenses.

Yuemei Dong / Shengzhang Dong / Nahid Borhani Dizaji / Natalie Rutkowski / Tyler Pohlenz / Kevin Myles / George Dimopoulos

PLoS Biology, Vol 20, Iss 6, p e

2022 Volume 3001668

Abstract: The mosquito's innate immune system defends against a variety of pathogens, and the conserved siRNA pathway plays a central role in the control of viral infections. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of Dicer2 (Dcr2) or R2d2 resulted in an ... ...

Abstract	The mosquito's innate immune system defends against a variety of pathogens, and the conserved siRNA pathway plays a central role in the control of viral infections. Here, we show that transgenic overexpression of Dicer2 (Dcr2) or R2d2 resulted in an accumulation of 21-nucleotide viral sequences that was accompanied by a significant suppression of dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication, thus indicating the broad-spectrum antiviral response mediated by the siRNA pathway that can be applied for the development of novel arbovirus control strategies. Interestingly, overexpression of Dcr2 or R2d2 regulated the mRNA abundance of a variety of antimicrobial immune genes, pointing to additional functions of DCR2 and R2D2 as well as cross-talk between the siRNA pathway and other immune pathways. Accordingly, transgenic overexpression of Dcr2 or R2d2 resulted in a lesser proliferation of the midgut microbiota and increased resistance to bacterial and fungal infections.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Phlegmonous Gastritis and Streptoccocal Toxic Shock Syndrome: An Almost Lethal Combination.

Elisabeth, Paramythiotou / Cornelia, Mitrakou / Athinna, Savva / Anastasia, Antoniadou / Apostolos, Armaganidis / George, Dimopoulos

Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

2021 Volume 25, Issue 10, Page(s) 1197–1200

Abstract: We report a case of phlegmonous gastritis in a 70-year-old woman without any predisposing factors, presenting with high fever, epigastric pain, and vomiting complicated by septic shock and multi-organ failure. The ultrasound and the computed tomography ... ...

Abstract	We report a case of phlegmonous gastritis in a 70-year-old woman without any predisposing factors, presenting with high fever, epigastric pain, and vomiting complicated by septic shock and multi-organ failure. The ultrasound and the computed tomography scan showed thickening of the stomach wall.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-11
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2121263-6
ISSN	1998-359X ; 0972-5229
ISSN (online)	1998-359X
ISSN	0972-5229
DOI	10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23997
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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