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  1. Article ; Online: Global estimates of pregnancies at risk of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection in 2020 and changes in risk patterns since 2000.

    Georgia R Gore-Langton / Jorge Cano / Hope Simpson / Andrew Tatem / Natalia Tejedor-Garavito / Adelle Wigley / Alessandra Carioli / Peter Gething / Daniel J Weiss / Daniel Chandramohan / Patrick G T Walker / Matthew E Cairns / R Matthew Chico

    PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 2, Iss 11, p e

    2022  Volume 0001061

    Abstract: Background Women are at risk of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to Plasmodium spp. infection in malaria-endemic areas. Malaria control efforts since 2000 have aimed to reduce this burden of disease. Methods We used data from the Malaria ... ...

    Abstract Background Women are at risk of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes attributable to Plasmodium spp. infection in malaria-endemic areas. Malaria control efforts since 2000 have aimed to reduce this burden of disease. Methods We used data from the Malaria Atlas Project and WorldPop to calculate global pregnancies at-risk of Plasmodium spp. infection. We categorised pregnancies as occurring in areas of stable and unstable P. falciparum and P. vivax transmission. We further stratified stable endemicity as hypo-endemic, meso-endemic, hyper-endemic, or holo-endemic, and estimated pregnancies at risk in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2017, and 2020. Findings In 2020, globally 120.4M pregnancies were at risk of P. falciparum, two-thirds (81.0M, 67.3%) were in areas of stable transmission; 85 2M pregnancies were at risk of P. vivax, 93.9% (80.0M) were in areas of stable transmission. An estimated 64.6M pregnancies were in areas with both P. falciparum and P. vivax transmission. The number of pregnancies at risk of each of P. falciparum and P. vivax worldwide decreased between 2000 and 2020, with the exception of sub-Saharan Africa, where the total number of pregnancies at risk of P. falciparum increased from 37 3M in 2000 to 52 4M in 2020. Interpretation Historic investments in malaria control have reduced the number of women at risk of malaria in pregnancy in all endemic regions except sub-Saharan Africa. Population growth in Africa has outpaced reductions in malaria prevalence. Interventions that reduce the risk of malaria in pregnancy are needed as much today as ever.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Improving health worker performance through text messaging

    Christian Rassi / Georgia R Gore-Langton / Badru Gidudu Walimbwa / Clare E Strachan / Rebecca King / Sinwan Basharat / Celine Christiansen-Jucht / Kirstie Graham / Sam Siduda Gudoi

    PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 9, p e

    A mixed-methods evaluation of a pilot intervention designed to increase coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in West Nile, Uganda.

    2018  Volume 0203554

    Abstract: Poor health worker performance is a well-documented obstacle to quality service provision. Due to the increasingly widespread availability of mobile devices, mobile health (mHealth) has received growing attention as a service improvement tool. This pilot ...

    Abstract Poor health worker performance is a well-documented obstacle to quality service provision. Due to the increasingly widespread availability of mobile devices, mobile health (mHealth) has received growing attention as a service improvement tool. This pilot study explored feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of an mHealth intervention designed to increase coverage of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) in two districts of West Nile, Uganda. In both districts, selected health workers (N = 48) received classroom training on malaria in pregnancy. All health workers in one district (N = 49) subsequently received 24 text messages reinforcing the training content. The intervention was evaluated using a mixed-methods approach, including four focus group discussions with health workers and three in-depth interviews with district health officials, health worker knowledge assessments one month (N = 90) and six months (N = 89) after the classroom training, and calculation of IPTp coverage from participating health facilities' (N = 16) antenatal care registers covering six months pre- and post-intervention. Complementing classroom training with text messaging was found to be a feasible, acceptable and inexpensive approach to improving health worker performance. The messages served as reminders to those who had attended the classroom training and helped spread information to those who had not. Health workers in the district where text messages were sent had significantly better knowledge of IPTp, achieving an increased composite knowledge score of 6.00 points (maximum score: 40) compared with those in the district where only classroom training was provided. Average facility coverage of three doses of IPTp was also significantly higher where text messages were sent (85.8%) compared with the district where only classroom training was provided (54.1%). This intervention shows promise for the improvement of health worker performance for delivery of IPTp, and could have significant broader application.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 796 ; 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Labour and delivery ward register data availability, quality, and utility - Every Newborn - birth indicators research tracking in hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study baseline analysis in three countries

    Louise Tina Day / Georgia R. Gore-Langton / Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman / Omkar Basnet / Josephine Shabani / Tazeen Tahsina / Asmita Poudel / Kizito Shirima / Shafiqul Ameen / Ashish K.C. / Nahya Salim / Sojib Bin Zaman / Donat Shamba / Hannah Blencowe / Harriet Ruysen / Shams El Arifeen / Dorothy Boggs / Vladimir S. Gordeev / Qazi Sadeq-ur Rahman /
    Tanvir Hossain / Elisha Joshi / Sabu Thapa / Rajendra Prasad Poudel / Durga Poudel / Priyanka Chaudhary / Rabina Karki / Bibek Chitrakar / Namala Mkopi / Anna Wisiko / Alodear Patrick Kitende / Marystella Revocatus Shirati / Christostomus Chingalo / Amina Omari Semhando / Cleopatra Mtei / Victoria Mwenisongole / John Mathias Bakuza / Japhet Kombo / Godfrey Mbaruku / Joy E. Lawn

    BMC Health Services Research, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 14

    Abstract: Abstract Background Countries with the highest burden of maternal and newborn deaths and stillbirths often have little information on these deaths. Since over 81% of births worldwide now occur in facilities, using routine facility data could reduce this ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Countries with the highest burden of maternal and newborn deaths and stillbirths often have little information on these deaths. Since over 81% of births worldwide now occur in facilities, using routine facility data could reduce this data gap. We assessed the availability, quality, and utility of routine labour and delivery ward register data in five hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Tanzania. This paper forms the baseline register assessment for the Every Newborn-Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study. Methods We extracted 21 data elements from routine hospital labour ward registers, useful to calculate selected maternal and newborn health (MNH) indicators. The study sites were five public hospitals during a one-year period (2016–17). We measured 1) availability: completeness of data elements by register design, 2) data quality: implausibility, internal consistency, and heaping of birthweight and explored 3) utility by calculating selected MNH indicators using the available data. Results Data were extracted for 20,075 births. Register design was different between the five hospitals with 10–17 of the 21 selected MNH data elements available. More data were available for health outcomes than interventions. Nearly all available data elements were > 95% complete in four of the five hospitals and implausible values were rare. Data elements captured in specific columns were 85.2% highly complete compared to 25.0% captured in non-specific columns. Birthweight data were less complete for stillbirths than live births at two hospitals, and significant heaping was found in all sites, especially at 2500g and 3000g. All five hospitals recorded count data required to calculate impact indicators including; stillbirth rate, low birthweight rate, Caesarean section rate, and mortality rates. Conclusions Data needed to calculate MNH indicators are mostly available and highly complete in EN-BIRTH study hospital routine labour ward registers in Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania. ...
    Keywords Maternal ; Newborn ; Stillbirth ; Registers ; Birth ; Hospital ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Quarantine and testing strategies in contact tracing for SARS-CoV-2

    Billy J Quilty, MSc / Samuel Clifford, PhD / Joel Hellewell, PhD / Timothy W Russell, PhD / Adam J Kucharski, PhD / Stefan Flasche, ProfPhD / W John Edmunds, ProfPhD / Katherine E Atkins / Anna M Foss / Naomi R Waterlow / Kaja Abbas / Rachel Lowe / Carl A B Pearson / Sebastian Funk / Alicia Rosello / Gwenan M Knight / Nikos I Bosse / Simon R Procter / Georgia R Gore-Langton /
    Alicia Showering / James D Munday / Katharine Sherratt / Thibaut Jombart / Emily S Nightingale / Yang Liu / Christopher I Jarvis / Graham Medley / Oliver Brady / Hamish P Gibbs / David Simons / Jack Williams / Damien C Tully / Stefan Flasche / Sophie R Meakin / Kevin Zandvoort / Fiona Y Sun / Mark Jit / Petra Klepac / Matthew Quaife / Rosalind M Eggo / Frank G Sandmann / Akira Endo / Kiesha Prem / Sam Abbott / Rosanna Barnard / Yung-Wai D Chan / Megan Auzenbergs / Amy Gimma / C Julian Villabona-Arenas / Nicholas G Davies

    The Lancet Public Health, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp e175-e

    a modelling study

    2021  Volume 183

    Abstract: Summary: Background: In most countries, contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases are asked to quarantine for 14 days after exposure to limit asymptomatic onward transmission. While theoretically effective, this policy places a substantial social and economic ...

    Abstract Summary: Background: In most countries, contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases are asked to quarantine for 14 days after exposure to limit asymptomatic onward transmission. While theoretically effective, this policy places a substantial social and economic burden on both the individual and wider society, which might result in low adherence and reduced policy effectiveness. We aimed to assess the merit of testing contacts to avert onward transmission and to replace or reduce the length of quarantine for uninfected contacts. Methods: We used an agent-based model to simulate the viral load dynamics of exposed contacts, and their potential for onward transmission in different quarantine and testing strategies. We compared the performance of quarantines of differing durations, testing with either PCR or lateral flow antigen (LFA) tests at the end of quarantine, and daily LFA testing without quarantine, against the current 14-day quarantine strategy. We also investigated the effect of contact tracing delays and adherence to both quarantine and self-isolation on the effectiveness of each strategy. Findings: Assuming moderate levels of adherence to quarantine and self-isolation, self-isolation on symptom onset alone can prevent 37% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 12–56) of onward transmission potential from secondary cases. 14 days of post-exposure quarantine reduces transmission by 59% (95% UI 28–79). Quarantine with release after a negative PCR test 7 days after exposure might avert a similar proportion (54%, 95% UI 31–81; risk ratio [RR] 0·94, 95% UI 0·62–1·24) to that of the 14-day quarantine period, as would quarantine with a negative LFA test 7 days after exposure (50%, 95% UI 28–77; RR 0·88, 0·66–1·11) or daily testing without quarantine for 5 days after tracing (50%, 95% UI 23–81; RR 0·88, 0·60–1·43) if all tests are returned negative. A stronger effect might be possible if individuals isolate more strictly after a positive test and if contacts can be notified faster. Interpretation: Testing might allow for a ...
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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