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  1. Article ; Online: SARS CoV-2-Induced Viral Sepsis

    Stelios F. Assimakopoulos / Gerasimos Eleftheriotis / Maria Lagadinou / Vassilios Karamouzos / Periklis Dousdampanis / Georgios Siakallis / Markos Marangos

    Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 1050, p

    The Role of Gut Barrier Dysfunction

    2022  Volume 1050

    Abstract: A considerable proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 meet Sepsis-3 criteria and share common pathophysiological mechanisms of multiorgan injury with bacterial sepsis, in absence of secondary bacterial infections, a process characterized as “viral ... ...

    Abstract A considerable proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 meet Sepsis-3 criteria and share common pathophysiological mechanisms of multiorgan injury with bacterial sepsis, in absence of secondary bacterial infections, a process characterized as “viral sepsis”. The intestinal barrier exerts a central role in the pathophysiological sequence of events that lead from SARS-CoV-2 infection to severe systemic complications. Accumulating evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of the biological, mechanical and immunological gut barrier. Specifically, microbiota diversity and beneficial bacteria population are reduced, concurrently with overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis). Enterocytes’ tight junctions (TJs) are disrupted, and the apoptotic death of intestinal epithelial cells is increased leading to increased gut permeability. In addition, mucosal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, Th17 cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells and macrophages are activated, and T-regulatory cells are decreased, thus promoting an overactivated immune response, which further injures the intestinal epithelium. This dysfunctional gut barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection permits the escape of luminal bacteria, fungi and endotoxin to normally sterile extraintestinal sites and the systemic circulation. Pre-existing gut barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia in patients with comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and immunosuppression predisposes to aggravated endotoxemia. Bacterial and endotoxin translocation promote the systemic inflammation and immune activation, which characterize the SARS-CoV-2 induced “viral sepsis” syndrome associated with multisystemic complications of severe COVID-19.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; intestinal barrier ; microbiota ; tight junctions ; microbial translocation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Child Refugees in Europe and Infectious Diseases

    Nikolaos Spernovasilis / Georgios Siakallis / Sotirios Tsiodras / Garyphallia Poulakou

    International Journal of School Health, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 1-

    Threat or Threatened?

    2017  Volume 3

    Abstract: Concerns about emerging and re-emerging diseases in migrants and refugees have been raised due to high influx in European Union/European economic area in the past couple of years. In spite of the common perception of an association between migration and ... ...

    Abstract Concerns about emerging and re-emerging diseases in migrants and refugees have been raised due to high influx in European Union/European economic area in the past couple of years. In spite of the common perception of an association between migration and importation of infectious diseases, the World Health Organization stated that there is no systematic association. In this communication, the authors pronounce that the most important health issue facing child migrants and refugees is increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, and not the importation of infectious diseases. This vulnerability is a result of conditions under the refugees move and live when they arrive at their host countries, such as poor living conditions, overcrowding, suboptimal hygiene, malnutrition, and limited access to vaccination and health services. A health-related issue that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage is termed health disparity. Health disparities negatively effect refugees, who have systematically experienced greater social or economic obstacles in health. It is important for migrant and refugee children to benefit from the same level of protection as indigenous populations with regards to infectious diseases. Equitable access to vaccination is of prime importance and health professionals, should approach children and adolescents, who are refugees or migrants, not only with the aim of providing access to effective treatments, yet, they should also take into consideration cultural and social aspects and aim to build strategies for better living conditions, screening, and vaccination.
    Keywords coping strategies ; adolescence ; puberty ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Extensive Testing and Public Health Interventions for the Control of COVID-19 in the Republic of Cyprus between March and May 2020

    Annalisa Quattrocchi / Ioannis Mamais / Constantinos Tsioutis / Eirini Christaki / Costas Constantinou / Maria Koliou / Zoi-Dorothea Pana / Valentinos Silvestros / Fani Theophanous / Christos Haralambous / Androulla Stylianou / Sotiroula Sotiriou / Maria Athanasiadou / Theopisti Kyprianou / Anna Demetriou / Christiana A. Demetriou / Ourania Kolokotroni / Ioanna Gregoriou / Niki Paphitou /
    George Panos / Leontios Kostrikis / Peter Karayiannis / Georgios Petrikkos / Petros Agathangelou / George Mixides / Georgios Siakallis / Linos Hadjihannas / Lakis Palazis / Anna Vavlitou / Chrystalla Matsentidou-Timiliotou / Dimitris Koukios / Tonia Adamidi / Frangiskos Frangopoulos / Elizabeth Constantinou / Georgios Nikolopoulos

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 3598, p

    2020  Volume 3598

    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected the well-being of individuals worldwide. We herein describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Republic of Cyprus during the first epidemic wave (9 March–3 May 2020). We analyzed ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected the well-being of individuals worldwide. We herein describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Republic of Cyprus during the first epidemic wave (9 March–3 May 2020). We analyzed surveillance data from laboratory-confirmed cases, including targeted testing and population screening. Statistical analyses included logistic regression. During the surveillance period, 64,136 tests (7322.3 per 100,000) were performed, 873 COVID-19 cases were diagnosed, and 20 deaths were reported (2.3%). Health-care workers (HCWs) represented 21.4% of cases. Overall, 19.1% of cases received hospital care and 3.7% required admission to Intensive Care Units. Male sex (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 3.04; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.97–4.69), increasing age (aOR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.36–1.79), symptoms at diagnosis (aOR: 6.05; 95%CI: 3.18–11.50), and underlying health conditions (aOR: 2.08; 95%CI: 1.31–3.31) were associated with hospitalization. For recovered cases, the median time from first to last second negative test was 21 days. Overall, 119 primary cases reported 616 close contacts, yielding a pooled secondary attack rate of 12% (95%CI: 9.6–14.8%). Three population-based screening projects, and two projects targeting employees and HCWs, involving 25,496 people, revealed 60 positive individuals (0.2%). Early implementation of interventions with targeted and expanded testing facilitated prompt outbreak control on the island.
    Keywords surveillance ; COVID-19 ; pandemic ; contact tracing ; containment measures ; Cyprus ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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